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Take Home test: Ecology
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1. If a kestrel eats a mouse that eats grass, the kestrel is a(n)
a. producer.
b. second-level consumer.
c. first-level consumer.
d. decomposer.
____ 2. A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a
food web is called a(n)
a. food chain.
b. energy pyramid.
c. ecosystem.
d. niche.
____ 3. In an energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy?
a. producer level
b. first-level consumer level
c. second-level consumer level
d. third-level consumer level
____ 4. Which land biome is extremely cold and dry?
a. desert
b. tundra
c. grassland
d. mountains
____ 5. Ponds and rivers are two types of
a. marine biomes.
b. rain forest biomes.
c. freshwater biomes.
d. estuary biomes.
____ 6. The ocean water is completely dark throughout the
a. estuary.
b. intertidal zone.
c. neritic zone.
d. deep zone.
____ 7. The series of changes that occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem is called
a. primary succession.
b. secondary succession.
c. disturbance succession.
d. pioneer succession.
____ 8. An organism that can make its own food is called a
a. consumer.
b. decomposer.
c. producer.
d. scavenger.
____ 9. Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called
a. omnivores.
b. herbivores.
c. carnivores.
d. scavengers.
____ 10 Which of these consumers is an herbivore?
a. lion
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b. deer
c. spider
d. snake
Which of the following is considered a nonrenewable resource?
a. sunlight
b. corn
c. coal
d. trees
Which of the following is considered a renewable resource?
a. iron
b. sunlight
c. oil
d. coal
A change to the environment that has a negative effect on living things is called
a. a renewable resource.
b. a nonrenewable resource.
c. population growth.
d. pollution.
Which of the following is an example of a global environmental choice?
a. a student deciding to ride a bicycle to school
b. a family deciding to recycle their newspapers
c. a town meeting about a new nature refuge.
d. nations meeting to discuss the ozone layer
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of environmental issues?
a. resource use
b. population growth
c. pollution
d. climate control
The study of the natural processes that occur in the environment and how humans can affect them
is called
a. resource management.
b. environmental science.
c. preservation.
d. conservation.
During the last 3,000 years, the human population has
a. decreased.
b. increased.
c. remained the same.
d. shown huge increases followed by decreases.
Which of the following would be a cost of drilling for oil in Antarctica?
a. The supply of heating fuel would be increased.
b. There would be a greater opportunity to study wildlife there.
c. An oil spill could harm food sources for penguins.
d. Many new jobs would be created.
Cutting down only some trees in a forest, leaving a mix of tree sizes and species standing, is
called
a. selective cutting.
b. clear-cutting.
c. certified cutting.
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d. patch cutting.
The number of trees that can be harvested from a forest without reducing the future supply is
called a
a. clear-cut.
b. selective harvest.
c. certified harvest.
d. sustainable yield.
If fish are caught faster than they can breed, the population will
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same.
d. move to other waters.
The number of different species in an area is referred to as its
a. niche diversity.
b. climate.
c. habitat fragmentation.
d. biodiversity.
The most diverse ecosystems on Earth are
a. tropical rain forests.
b. coral reefs.
c. deep-sea areas.
d. fisheries.
A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem is called a(n)
a. niche species.
b. extinct species.
c. keystone species.
d. endangered species.
All of the following factors affect an area's biodiversity EXCEPT
a. area.
b. genes.
c. climate.
d. diversity of niches.
In the last few centuries, the number of species becoming extinct on Earth has
a. decreased dramatically.
b. decreased slightly.
c. increased slightly.
d. increased dramatically.
If all members of a species disappear from Earth, the species is said to be
a. extinct.
b. endangered.
c. threatened.
d. keystone.
The loss of a natural habitat is called
a. habitat destruction.
b. habitat fragmentation.
c. pollution.
d. poaching.
The exhaust fumes from automobiles are an example of
a. habitat destruction.
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b. poaching.
c. pollution.
d. exotic species.
The mating of California condors in zoos is an example of
a. habitat preservation.
b. captive breeding.
c. biodiversity.
d. habitat destruction.
Laws can help protect endangered species by prohibiting
a. captive breeding.
b. habitat preservation.
c. diversity of genes.
d. products made from the species.
Yellowstone National Park, the world's first national park, is an example of
a. captive breeding.
b. habitat preservation.
c. habitat destruction.
d. poaching.
Why are coral reefs such diverse ecosystems?
a. They are protected from pollution.
b. They provide different niches for organisms.
c. They have a limited gene pool.
d. They are found in all different climates.
What is true about species that lack a diverse gene pool?
a. They impact the survival of other species in an ecosystem.
b. They form a niche within a community.
c. They are more resistant to disease or parasites.
d. They are less able to adapt to disease or parasites.
The illegal killing or removal of wildlife species is called
a. pollution.
b. poaching.
c. habitat fragmentation.
d. captive breeding.
Which of the following is a biotic factor in the prairie ecosystem?
a. water
b. sunlight
c. soil
d. grass
An organism's habitat must provide all of the following EXCEPT
a. food.
b. water.
c. predators.
d. shelter.
The nonliving parts of an ecosystem are called
a. populations.
b. organisms.
c. biotic factors.
d. abiotic factors.
The place where an organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs is called its
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a. habitat.
b. population.
c. species.
d. community.
To carry out photosynthesis, algae and plants use the abiotic factors sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
a. soil.
b. salt.
c. water.
d. bacteria.
All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n)
a. organism.
b. community.
c. species.
d. ecosystem.
The smallest unit of ecological organization is a single
a. population.
b. community.
c. organism.
d. ecosystem.
The study of how things interact with each other and with their environment is called
a. ecology.
b. photosynthesis.
c. community.
d. biotic studies.
Which of the following is an example of a population?
a. the cats and dogs in your neighborhood
b. the bushes and grass in a park
c. the rocks in a rock collection
d. the gray wolves in a forest
Population density is defined as
a. an approximation of a number, based on reasonable assumptions.
b. the number of individuals of a population in a specific area.
c. the number of individuals moving into a population.
d. the smallest level of ecological organization.
If you count 20 beetles in a garden measuring 5 square meters, the population density of the
beetles is
a. 100 beetles per square meter.
b. 20 beetles per square meter.
c. 5 beetles per square meter.
d. 4 beetles per square meter.
Counting the number of organisms in a small area and multiplying to estimate the number in a
larger area is called
a. direct observation.
b. mark and recapture.
c. population density.
d. sampling.
The major way in which new individuals are added to a population is through
a. sampling.
b. the birth of offspring.
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c. mark and recapture.
d. emigration.
A group of antelope leaving the herd in search of better grassland is an example of
a. immigration.
b. emigration.
c. increasing birth rate.
d. decreasing death rate.
Which term refers to an environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing?
a. biotic factor
b. abiotic factor
c. immigration
d. limiting factor
The largest population that an environment can support is called its
a. carrying capacity.
b. limiting factor.
c. birth rate.
d. death rate.
An early winter frost preventing further growth in a tomato garden is an example of
a. carrying capacity.
b. a limiting factor.
c. a biotic factor.
d. indirect observation.
All of the following are examples of limiting factors EXCEPT
a. food.
b. soil.
c. space.
d. weather conditions.
An organism's particular role, or how it makes its living, is called its
a. carrying capacity.
b. ecosystem.
c. competition.
d. niche.
The behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their
environment are called
a. habitats.
b. limiting factors.
c. biotic factors.
d. adaptations.
The struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources is called
a. competition.
b. predation.
c. symbiosis.
d. parasitism.
By hunting at different times of day, the hawk and owl are able to reduce
a. predation.
b. competition.
c. adaptation.
d. parasitism.
Which of the following describes an interaction in which one organism kills and eats another?
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a. competition
b. symbiosis
c. predation
d. mutualism
Which of the following is an example of a predator adaptation?
a. a porcupine's needles
b. a shark's powerful jaws
c. a frog's bright colors
d. a plant's poisonous chemicals
When a jellyfish paralyzes a tiny fish with its poisonous tentacles, the fish is the
a. predator.
b. prey.
c. host.
d. parasite.
A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is called
a. natural selection.
b. symbiosis.
c. adaptation.
d. competition.
Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism are the three types of
a. symbiotic relationships.
b. predation.
c. competition.
d. prey adaptations.
A hawk building its nest on an arm of the saguaro cactus is an example of
a. commensalism.
b. mutualism.
c. parasitism.
d. predation.