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Name _______________________________ Period ____ Date _______________ Final Review Packet CHAPTER 9: Big Idea- How can you describe an object’s motion? Describing Motion: Ch.9 Section 1 (pp.338-341) Notebook items to study: ___________________________ How do you know if an object is in motion? __________________________________________________________________________________ What is a reference point? __________________________________________________________________________________ Speed and Velocity Ch. 9 Section 2 (pp.342-347) Notebook items to study: ___________________________ Speed: Define speed: ______________________________________________________________________ Be able to calculate the speed of an object: o What is the formula for speed: Be able to calculate average speed: o What is average speed? ________________________________________________________ o What is the formula for average speed: What does it mean when an object is said to have a “constant speed”? __________________________________________________________________________________ To practice calculating speed, use the following notebook pages: Velocity: Define velocity: _____________________________________________________________________ o Changes in velocity may be due to changes in speed, changes in direction, or both. Graphing Speed: Acceleration Ch. 9 Section 3 (pp.350-355) Notebook items to study: ___________________________ Define acceleration: _________________________________________________________________ Describe the three types of acceleration and give an example of each: Type of acceleration Description Example Be able to determine the acceleration of an object be calculating its change in velocity per unit of time. o What is the formula for acceleration: 1. 2. 3. *Look at p.353 in your science book * To practice calculating acceleration, use the following notebook pages: Graphing Acceleration: Chapter 10: Big Idea, What causes an object’s velocity to change? Ch. 10 Section 1: The Nature of Force (pp.374-377) What is a force? ____________________________________________________________________ The combination of all forces acting on an object is called ___________________________________ o How do you determine the net force when two objects act in the same direction? ___________________________________________________________________________ o How do you determine the net force when two objects act in opposite directions? ____________________________________________________________________________ o What is the result of unbalanced and balanced forces acting on an object? Balanced forces: ________________________________________________________ Unbalanced forces: ______________________________________________________ Ch. 10 Section 2: Friction, Gravity, & Elastic Forces (pp.380-388) Friction: What is friction? ____________________________________________________________________ Complete the table below: Kind of friction Explanation Example 1. 2. 3. 4. o Give an example of how you could increase friction intentionally, on purpose? ____________________________________________________________________________ Gravity: What is gravity? ____________________________________________________________________ The force of gravity between objects ____________ with greater mass and _____________ with greater distance. *The amount of matter in an object is the object’s _________________________________________. What does the law of gravitation state? __________________________________________________ For each set to the left, label which pair has a larger magnitude, smaller magnitude, or if the forces are balanced Gravity & Weight: What is weight? _____________________________________________________________________ What is the difference between weight and mass? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Gravity & Motion Explanation Example Free fall Air resistance Projectile Elastic Forces: Compression: ________________________________ Example: ___________________________ Tension:_____________________________________ Example: ___________________________ Ch. 10 Section 3: Newton’s First & Second Laws (pp.389-392) Newton’s First Law of Motion: Newton’s first law states… ___________________________________________________________ o Examples: ___________________________________________________________________ o Newton’s first law is also called the law of inertia. What is inertia? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ How is mass related to inertia? _______________________________________________ Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Newton’s second law states… _________________________________________________________ o What is the formula for determining this relationship? o Examples: ___________________________________________________________________ 5 kg 10 kg -What direction is the net force acting on the 5 kg object? ______________ -How could you balance the two forces on the 10 kg object? ______________________________ -Compare the acceleration of the 5 kg object with the 10 kg object? ______________________________ -If a third force was applied to the 10 kg object in a downward direction, how would the acceleration change? ______________________________ Ch. 10 Section 4: Newton’s Third Law (pp.393-399) Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Newton’s third law states… ___________________________________________________________ o Examples: ___________________________________________________________________ o Momentum: What is momentum? _________________________________________________________________ How can you determine the momentum of a moving object? What can you do to increase the momentum of an object? ___________________________________ What is the law of conservation of momentum? ___________________________________________ Chapter 11: Big Idea, How can you predict if an object will sink or float in a fluid? Ch. 11 Section 1: Pressure (pp.416-422) What is pressure? __________________________________________________________________ What does pressure depend on? _______________________________________________________ o The larger the area in which the force is distributed, the _______________ pressure is exerted (applied) Example: ____________________________________________________________ What is the formula used to calculate pressure? The SI unit of pressure is the Newton per square meter (N/m2). This unit is also called the _________ Practice: A box exerts a force of 500 N on an area of 4 m2. What is the pressure exerted by the box? (Show your work) P = ______________ Fluid Pressure: What is a fluid? ____________________________________________________________________ Explain how pressure is balanced and give an example: _________________________________________________________________________________ o Example: ___________________________________________________________________ Use the picture to the right to answer the question below: A air D o Which letter shows the greatest pressure? ______ B o Which letter shows the least pressure? ______ C E water Atmospheric Pressure and Elevation: o As elevation increases, atmospheric pressure ________________. Water Pressure and Depth: o As depth increases, water pressure ___________________. Measuring Pressure: How do you measure pressure? ________________________________________________________ Ch. 11 Section 2: Floating and Sinking (pp.424-429) Density: What is density? ____________________________________________________________________ By comparing densities, you can predict if an object will sink or float: o An object that is more dense than the fluid it is in will _________________ (sink or float) o An object that is less dense than the fluid it is in will __________________ (sink or float) o An object with a density equal to that of the fluid floats at a ________________________. What is the formula used to calculate density? Practice: A piece of metal has a mass of 43.5 g and a volume of 15 cm3. What is its density? (Show your work) D = ______________ Tell whether a piece of plastic with a density of 1.2 g/mL will sink or float in the following liquids: mercury (13.0 g/ml)________ oil (.98 g/mL)_______ water (1.0g/mL) _______ ethanol (.85g/ml)_______ karo syrup (1.21 g/mL) _______ vinegar (1.17 g/mL)_______ Buoyancy: What is buoyancy? _________________________________________________________________ Explain a buoyant force: _____________________________________________________________ o Explain the direction of the buoyant force on an object: _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ o How does the buoyant force affect a submerged object? ____________________________________________________________________________ Container A Container B o When the object was placed in container A, the level of the liquid rose. Why? o What is the direction of the buoyant force acting on each object? o Compare the buoyant force on the object in container A to the weight of the object: o Compare the buoyant force on the object in container B to the weight of the object: o The fluids in both containers are the same and the objects are same size. What does this tell you about the densities of the objects: Archimedes’ Principle: What is Archimedes’ Principle: _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ o If an object floats, the volume of displaced water is equal to the volume of: ___________________________________________________________________________ o Example: If your body displaces 50 liters of water in a swimming pool, the buoyant force on you will be equal to the weight of ______ liters of water.