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English – Grammar Launch Organizer 6th Grade Core Knowledge - Huey/Duroux/Canfield Summary In this domain, students will continue adding to their knowledge of the four-level analysis in order to break down a sentence. Students will expand their of knowledge parts of speech, parts of a sentence, phrases, and clauses. These are keys are the basis to all of the grammar topics that will be covered throughout the year. Students will demonstrate their knowledge of four-level analysis by completing a 50-sentence packet and a cumulative assessment. The Big Idea Understanding the basics of a sentence and its structure will help students to understand more complex grammar topics that are taught throughout the year. These basic principles also help students with their ability to write clearly and with variety. Colorado State Standards REA 6.3.3.a Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. (CCSS: L.6.1) REA 7.3.3. g Combine sentences with coordinating conjunctions. Common Core Standards L.7.1 - Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a. Explain the function of phrases and clauses in general and their function in specific sentences. b. Choose among simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to signal differing relationships among ideas. Core Knowledge Unit Grammar and Usage • Understand what a complete sentence is, and identify subject and predicate • identify independent and dependent clauses • correct fragments and run-ons Core Knowledge Language Arts • Correctly use punctuation introduced in earlier grades, and learn how to use a semicolon or comma with and, but, or or to separate the sentences that form a compound sentence. Previous Unit: N/A Prior Knowledge Grade 1 • Recognize, identify and use regular verbs to convey a sense of past, present, and future tense orally, in written text, and in own writing. Grade 2 • Recognize, identify and use subjects and predicates, orally, in written text, and in own Writing. • Recognize, identify, and use complete simple and compound sentences. Grade 3 • Understand what a complete sentence is, and identify subject and predicate in single-clause sentences distinguish complete sentences from fragments. • Know the following parts of speech and how they are used: nouns (for concrete nouns), pronouns (singular and plural), verbs: action verbs and auxiliary (helping) verbs, adjectives. Grade 4 • Identify subject and verb in a sentence and understand that they must agree. • Know the following parts of speech and how they are used: nouns, pronouns, verbs (action verbs and auxiliary verbs), adjectives (including articles), adverbs, conjunctions (and, but, or), interjections. Grade 5 • Understand that pronouns must agree with their antecedents in case (nominative, objective, possessive), number, and gender. Next Unit: Grammar, Chapter 1 What Students will Learn in Future Grades Grade 7 Parts of the Sentence • Prepositional phrases Identify as adjectival or adverbial Identify word(s) modified by the prepositional phrase Object of preposition (note that pronouns are in objective case) Punctuation of prepositional phrases • Subject and verb Identify simple subject and simple verb (after eliminating prepositional phrases): in statements in questions in commands (you understood) with there and here Auxiliary verbs Noun of direct address Subject-verb agreement: with compound subjects with compound subjects joined by or with indefinite pronouns (for example, everyone, anyone, some, all) • Complements Predicate nominative Predicate adjective • Appositives Identify and tell which noun is renamed • Participles Identify past, present participles Identify participial phrases Find the noun modified • Gerunds and gerund phrases Identify and tell its use in the sentence (subject, direct object, indirect object, appositive, predicate nominative, object of preposition) • Infinitives and infinitive phrases Adjective and adverb: find the word it modifies Noun: tell its use in the sentence Clauses • Review: sentences classified by structure Simple; compound (coordinating conjunctions v. conjunctive adverbs); complex; compound-complex • Kinds of dependent clauses Adjective clauses Identify and tell noun modified Introductory words: relative pronouns, relative adverbs (where, when) Implied “that” Adverb clauses Identify and tell the word(s) modified Subordinating conjunctions (for example, because, although, when, since, before, after, as soon as, where) Comma after introductory adverbial clause Noun clauses Identify and tell use in the sentence (subject, predicate nominative, direct object, indirect object, object of preposition, appositive, objective complement, noun of direct address) Grade 8 Misplaced modifiers • Phrases and clauses go as near as possible to the word(s) they modify. Dangling modifiers Two-way modifiers Parallelism • Parallelism is expressing ideas of equal importance using the same grammatical constructions. • Kinds of parallelism coordinate (using coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, nor, yet ) compared/contrasted correlative (both . . . and, either . . . or, neither . . . nor, not only . . . but also) • Correcting faulty parallelism repeating words (articles, prepositions, pronouns) to maintain parallelism completing parallel construction revising sentences using parallel structure (for example, using all gerund phrases, or all noun clauses) Cross Curricular Links Writing and Literature Additional Resources For Teachers: Language Network, McDougal Littel- Teacher’s Edition