Download Chapter 8—The Rise of Islam—600-1200 (pages 196-217)

UNIT III 600-1450 Re-Take Work (ALL WORK IS DUE BY
JANUARY 18th)
Multiple Choice: Complete the following questions by reading and
analyzing the textbook; please note chapter numbers may not be the same
per book, please make sure to examine the title of each chapter that we
covered; answer in complete sentences by summarizing what you have
read;
CCOT Essay: Complete Outlines (see below chapter questions) of 4 of the
8 essay prompts (you choose); I will pick one of your four choices as your
summative re-take; NOTE: The question you wrote for your summative
cannot be one of your re-take options
Tutoring Session: YOU MUST ATTEND at least one tutoring session
before you retake (one for essay AND one for multiple choice if you are retaking both parts of the exam ONLY); Tutoring will be Fri. Jan 8th & 15th;
UNIT III SUMMATIVE RE-TAKES: Friday, January 22, 2016—only
day offered due to cut-off for semester grades; please note you will also be
having a UNIT IV summative the following week (as of my plans now)
Chapter 8—The Rise of Islam—600-1200
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Describe the Arabian Peninsula before the arrival of Muhammad.
Why was the city of Mecca considered a pilgrimage site before Muhammad?
What was the “Night of Power and Excellence”? How did God/Allah communicate with Muhammad?
What do Muslims believe Muhammad is in relation to Christianity and Judaism?
What was the hijra? Why did it happen?
What eventually happened to the city if Mecca?
How was Islam able to spread in the time period before Muhammad’s death?
Who took over after Muhammad died? What problems did he and the religion of Islam face?
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
How did the Quran (Koran) differ from the Bible?
Why did a civil war break out in 656? Who became the next caliph? What was his relation to
Muhammad?
What happened to Ali? Who eventually becomes caliph in 661?
What is an Imam? Who should be the Imam according to the Sunni’s? Who should be it according to
the Shiite’s?
What does Sunni mean? What does Shiite mean?
Who were the followers of the Kharijite sect?
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What areas were conquered by Islam from 634-711? What impact did these conquers have on these
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Why did people rebel against the Umayyad dynasty?
How did the Abbasid Caliphate gain power?
What impact did the Abbasid caliph’s have on spreading and preserving Islam’s teachings and beliefs?
What led to the break-up of the centralized empire?
Who were the malmuks? Why were they used?
What political break-up occurred from 850-1050?
What impact did the Seljuk rulers have on the decay of Anatolia?
What happened to the important city of Baghdad during this time period?
What was the goal of the Crusades?
What impact did the Mongols have in this area?
What were the hadith’s? How did they evolve?
How did one become Muslim? How did they learn the values of Islam?
Why did converts to Muslim migrate?
Describe a woman’s role or place in Islamic society.
What were madrasas? What was the importance of the Sufi?
Read Comparative Perspective/Summary/Conclusion (which ever your book have)
Chapter 9—Christian Europe Emerges—600-1200
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How did the Byzantine Empire still have an all powerful monarch after Rome “fell”?
What led to the break-up of the Byzantine Empire?
What happened in 1054? What impact did this have on Christianity?
Describe the cause and effect of the “Plague of Justinian”. (May need to examine other sources to
obtain this answer).
Did the status of women improve under the Byzantine Empire? Explain.
What economic power did the Byzantine government have? How did this slow technological
development?
What does this statement mean: “Dependency of weak people on strong people became a hallmark of
the post-Roman period in western Europe”? Use the context of this statement in your text to help you
answer this.
What impacts did the Vikings have at this time?
What happened to the major Roman cities and why?
Why did self-sufficient farming make a come back?
Why was manor life important/needed?
What does feudalism mean? Why doesn’t this word correctly fit with the structure that was in place?
What does this statement mean: “Thus agricultural Europe rather than the grassy steppes produced the
charges of armored Knights that came to dominate the battlefield.”?
Who were the vassals? How were manors run?
What was the status of women in medieval society?
What was the job of the Counsels of Bishops?
What problems caused the church not to have unified standards? What problems did they still have to
fight against?
Why were relationships between Kings and Popes so tense?
What are canons? Why were these important when it came to power?
What was the cause of the vestiture controversy? What effect did it have?
What happened at the Concordat of Worms?
Who was Thomas a Becket? Describe what he does and what happens to him.
What is the main idea of the last paragraph under “Politics and the Church”?
What is monasticism? What were some important things done in monasteries?
What was the importance of the abbey Cluny? Explain.
How did Eastern Europe become populated? How did these people rely on each other economically?
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Where does the word “Russia” come from?
Who was Vladimir I? What religion did he instill? How did he make this decision?
Provide main idea sentences for each paragraph under “Society and Culture”
What role did technology play in Western Europe from 1000-1200? Was it very important? Explain.
What led to the growth of cities throughout Western Europe?
What were three causes of the Crusades?
What were some incidents that made Christians focus on the Holy Lands?
Describe the results of all of the Crusades.
Explain the major impact the Crusades had on Western Europe.
Read the Comparative Perspective/Summary/Conclusion
Chapter 10—Inner and East Asia—600-1200
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What dynasty unified China in 581? What dynasty took over and who was the first emperor?
Where did the founder of the Tang dynasty originate from? Where do Turkic people come from?
How did Mahayana Buddhism come to be the main religion? Provide two examples
What was the capital of the Tang Empire? How was it integral in transforming cultures/societies
across Asia?
How did the Sui Empire influence the Tang Empire? Provide two examples
Who contributed in the tributary system? Why did they participate in this?
How was crime controlled around Chang’an?
How long was the Grand Canal? Why was it important?
What were two positives of the Chinese marines and one negative of them?
How did other regions influence China? Provide 6 examples
What people made up the Uighur Empire? Where did they migrate from?
Describe the Uighur Empire.
Describe the Tibetan Empire.
What problems did China have with Buddhism? Provide 4 examples
Describe how the Tang Empire came to an end.
What 3 new states vied for power after the collapse of the Tang Empire?
Where did the Jurchens come from? How did they come to power and challenge the Song?
What technological advancements occurred during the Song Empire?
Describe iron advancements during the Song Empire.
Describe the impact of gunpowder.
How did Neo-Confucians differ from Confucianism?
Explain the importance of the civil service examination during the Song Empire.
What did moveable type do for literacy? What effect did it have on country people?
How did the Song Empire react to an increase in population?
What was “flying money”? What did tax farmers do?
Why do historians consider Song China as modern?
Describe the status of women during the Song Empire. Explain the importance of foot binding.
How would Confucianism align well with agricultural production in Song China, Korea, Japan, and
Vietnam?
How did Korea become united? Why did they ally themselves with the Song Empire?
What aspects of China were found in early Japan? Provide 4 examples
How was Japan able to have a ruling family the entire time in their early history?
How did the nobility loose control in the 1100’s?
Describe the role of women in Japan at this time.
What aspects from China did Vietnam use?
Read the Conclusion/Summary/Comparative Perspective
Chapter 11—Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas—600-1500
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Describe Teotihuacán.
Who was Quetzalcoatl?
Describe the agricultural production of Teotihuacán.
How were aristocratic families distinguishable from regular peoples?
Explain how political power took place in Teotihuacán.
How did Teotihuacán come to an end?
How were the Mayas successful in agriculture?
Why were Mayan architectural achievements so impressive? How did they reflect Mayan religious
beliefs?
What were some religious practices of the Mayans?
What role did women play in Mayan society?
What contributions did the Mayans make to the calendar, mathematics, and writing?
Why is the division between classical and post-classical time hard to determine or not that important?
(Use your own words!)
Where do historians believe the Toltec people came from?
What were the political and military innovations of the Toltec people?
Who was Topiltzin? How did the Toltec reign end?
Where did the Aztec people originate from? Where did they settle?
Why did the Aztecs involve themselves in wars so often?
Explain social hierarchy with the Aztecs.
Explain the difference between Aztec commoners and Aztec aristocracy.
How were the Aztecs able to feed such a large population? What role did the tribute system have in
this?
Describe the economy of the Aztecs.
Why was human sacrifice important to the Aztecs?
Who were the Anasanzi? Where were they located?
What was the economy of the Anasanzi? What are kivas’?
Describe Chaco Canyon and Pueblo Bonito.
What was the role of chiefs in the Mississippian culture?
Why were mounds built? What is one of the major urban centers of this civilization located at?
What led to the end of the Cahokia Civilization?
What environmental issues hindered the organization of complex societies in the Andean area?
How did the Andean civilizations adapt to these environmental issues? Provide 5 examples
Explain the role of the ayllu.
What was the importance of the mit’a in Andean civilization?
How did each ecological zone join into the Andean economy and rely on each other?
What is verticality?
Describe the Tiwanaku civilization.
Why did the Incas have a large military force?
What does it mean that the Incas were pastoralists?
What collective efforts were done by the mita’a laborers provided by each ayllu?
Describe the Inca’s political structure.
Read the Summary/Conclusions/Comparative Perspectives
Chapter 12—Mongol Eurasia and its Aftermath 1200-1500 (pages 322-351)
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Define the steppe.
Complete the chart using the description of the steppe nomads
Political
Religious
Intellectual
Technology
Economy
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List the Mongol Khan rulers by listing their name, time of reign, and areas conquered.
How were the Mongol armies so effective if they were often outnumbered?
What were the benefits of Mongol supremacy?
What were the negative aspects of Mongol supremacy?
Describe what this statement meant: “Peace and trade, not conquest, gave rise to the great pandemic.”
(page 331 last sentence in the top half of the left column)
What were the 4 Mongol Domains called?
Why did the Il-khan and the Golden Horde not get along? What role did Islam play in this matter?
Read “Islam and State” (page 332)—what happened to the Il-khans? (like what has happened to many
empires we have studied)
Who was Timur? What did he do? Who were the Mughals?
Read “Culture and Science in Islamic Eurasia”—what were the cultural and scientific impacts at this
time (40 points)
How did Moscow rise to importance?
According to historians how large was Mongol impact on Russia? Describe both views.
What did the Crusaders have to do with the Mongols?
How did Europeans view the Mongols?
What did Europeans gain from collaborating with the Mongols?
Review—what is tax farming?
What impact did religious practices have on the Mongols in China?
What did the Great Khans do to a divided China?
What was the social ranking order and why?
Describe the government layout of China under the Mongols. What impact did it have on reshaping
society? (20 Points)
What was the economy of China at this time?
What are cottage industries? What happened to China’s countryside?
What led to the fall of the Yuan? What dynasty takes over?
What happened to the Mongols of Inner Asia after the collapse of the Yuan?
What happened to the Mongols of Northern Asia after the collapse of the Yuan?
Who was Hongwu? How did he limit Mongol influence in his new dynasty?
What did the new Emperor Yongle do to try to increase global interaction within China?
Why did Ming China produce relatively little technological innovations compared to Yi Korea and
Ashikaga Japan? (30 points)
What were the long term effects of the Mongol activities in East Asia?
How did Japan prepare and defend itself from Mongol invasions? What “forces” helped them
significantly?
How did Annam (Dai Viet) and Champa come together to form modern Vietnam?
What effect did Mongol actions and Ming economic development have on Korea, Japan, and Vietnam
READ THE SUMMARY
Chapter 13—Tropical Africa & Asia 1200-1500 (pages 352-348)
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Describe the tropical environment of Africa
Describe the tropical environment of Asia
What role does wind currents play in these regions? Explain thoroughly.
Create main idea sentences for each paragraph under “Human Ecosystems” (pg 355-357)
Why was irrigation so important to civilizations?
What was iron needed for? What was the importance of copper? Of gold?
What is the main idea of the last paragraph under “Mineral Resources” (pg 358)?
How did Islam spread into sub-Sahara Africa?
How did Mali come into power?
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How did Mali become economically successful?
What impact did Mansa Musas’ pilgrimage have on Malian society?
What factors led to Mali decline?
Explain how Islam was spread in northwest India. How was this different than how it spread in
western Africa?
Who was Raziya? Was she a good ruler? Explain what she did.
How did the Sultan’s Ala-ud-din Khalji and Muhammad ibn Tughluq and Firuz Shah improved their
relations with the subjugated people of India?
Even though Bahmani and Vijayanagar were controlled by completely two different groups, how did
they still work together? Why did they do this?
Explain the collapse of the Delhi Sultanates.
What led to the Indian Ocean trade route assuming greater strategic importance in tying together the
people of European and Africa in the 14th century?
What were the two legs of the Indian Ocean trade?
Compare and contrast the dhow and the junk.
What impact did the Swahili and Zimbabwe have on the trading system at this time?
Describe the city of Aden. Why was it important to the trading system?
What were the two main cities of trade in the Gujarat and the Malabar Coast?
What role did the state of Gujarat play in this trading system?
What role did the state of Malacca play in this trading system?
Explain architectural influences and impacts at this time.
Explain learning, sharing of knowledge, and/or literacy at this time
Explain the impact religion had at this time.
Describe the various roles of women at this time.
What changes were there to social classes or order?
READ THE SUMMARY!!
Chapter 14—The Latin West 1200-1500 (pages 381-407)
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Describe the life for peasants.
Why do historians believe there was a rise in populations at this time? How did Europe adjust to this?
What was the cause of the Black Death and such a higher number of fatalities?
What effect did the Black Death have on Europe? (focus on demographics & psychological)
What effect did the Black Death have on Europe? (Focus on socially & economically).
What impact did Mines and Mills have at this time?
Explain what deforestation is. What impact did it have on Europe during this time?
How did cities in Italy participate in trading?
Explain what this statement means: “In the space of a few centuries Western European cities had used
the eastern trade to increase prosperity and then reduce their dependence on eastern goods.”
What was the importance of the guild?
Describe the role banking played at this time.
Describe the style of architecture developed. Define “flying buttresses”.
What was the Renaissance? When did it begin?
What caused an increase in learning at this time?
Describe how universities came about. Who started them and why? Why were people of different
ethnic groups able to attend universities all over Europe without any problems of understanding?
What courses encompasses the humanities?
Name some famous writers from this time period and their works.
If the Chinese were the first to develop moveable type, why does Johan Guttenberg receive most of the
credit?
What changes were made to painting technique at this time?
What 2 changes in weaponry helped to change the role of the military knights?
How did the 2 advancements help to bring an end to the estate system of Medieval Europe?
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What caused there to be a Great Western Schism?
What were 3 ways in which English monarchs did not have absolute power?
Who were fighting against each other during the Hundred Years Wars? Why did they fight?
What new military weapons were used in this war? Who finally wins?
Who was Joan of Arc? What did she do and what happens to her?
How was the Hundred Years War a watershed moment in the political history of France & England?
How did new monarchies obtain funds to support themselves?
How was royal power kept in check in both England & France?
What two countries make up the Iberian Peninsula?
How did these 2 countries obtain complete power?
READ THE COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES & SUMMARY!!
Chapter 15—The Maritime Revolution, to 1500 (pages 411-437)
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On page 376 read and explain Magellan’s trip. What impact did this and other voyages have on EastWest relationships?
Describe the voyages of the Pacific Ocean
Describe the voyages of the Indian Ocean
Describe the voyages of the Atlantic Ocean
Read the first 2 paragraphs of “European Expansion” (pg 417-418) and provide the main idea for each
paragraph.
Why did Iberian kingdoms decide to sponsor voyages of exploration in the 15th century?
What were 4 ways these voyages continued the trends of the Latin West?
If Northern Italy took the lead in the Renaissance why did they not play a major role in exploration?
(Provide two reasons)
Why did the Iberian kingdoms play an important role at this time?
Why did the Portuguese go to Morocco? What was the result of this contact?
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? Why is he important to world history? Describe all of his
contributions
Why were caravels “the best ships that sailed the seas”?
How did Henry the Navigator pay for all the expeditions?
Besides Henry the Navigator, what other Portuguese contributed to the Age of Exploration? What did
they do?
Why were the Spanish so late in joining the age of exploration as compared to the Portuguese?
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas? Who received what?
What were the consequences of Columbus’ voyage on European expansion?
Why were West Africans happy to trade with Europe?
Describe the meeting of the Portuguese and Caramansa.
What trade went on with Benin and Portugal? Who held the power? Explain your answer.
How was trade with Kongo different than trade with Benin?
Describe the impact the Portuguese had on Eastern Africa.
Describe the first impressions of the Portuguese on India.
How were the Portuguese able to dominate in the Western Indian Ocean and the important entrepot of
Malacca?
How did this control throughout the Indian Ocean impact their role in Europe?
Describe the history of the Arawak after meeting Columbus.
Describe Cortez’s impact on the Americas (Aztec).
Describe Pizarro’s impact on the Americas (Inca).
Describe the 3 factors of why the Spanish were able to erect a vast land empire in the Americas so
quickly.
READ THE COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES & SUMMARY
Change & Continuity Over Time Essay Summative: Read through the question prompt and then complete the following to show
mastery of CCOT Essay writing skills.
THESIS STATEMENT: 1 point
Changes & Continuities: 2 points for each
Changes
Specific
Evidence:
Beginning
Middle
End
Why: Analysis—1 point
Outside Influence that impacted the event & how: Analysis—1 point
Continuities