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Egypt: The Ancient World Geography and Ancient Egypt • Egypt is located in Northeast Africa. • The Nile is the longest river in the world. • The Nile runs 4000 miles from south to north and empties into the Mediterranean Sea. • Greek historian Herodotus called Egypt the gift of the Nile. The Gift of the Nile • Cataracts are strong rapids in the Nile which made sailing difficult. • Two-thirds of Egypt's farming took place on the delta. • A delta is a triangleshaped area of land made of soil deposited by a river. Floods of the Nile • Most of Egypt was desert. • The Nile’s floods were easier to predict than flood in Mesopotamia. • The Nile flooded upper Egypt in midsummer and lower Egypt in the fall. • The silt from the Nile made the soil ideal for farming. • Without floods, people never could have settled in Egypt. Kings Unify Egypt • Pharaoh is the title used for rulers of Egypt. • A dynasty is a series of rulers from the same family. • Menes is considered to be Egypt's first pharaoh. • Menes unified upper and lower Egypt. • The first dynasty lasted about 200 years.