Download The Old Kingdom 2600 BC - 2300 BC Government: * Egyptian kings

The Old Kingdom
2600 BC - 2300 BC
Government:
* Egyptian kings were called ______________________, which originally meant
“______________________________”; therefore, they lived in grand ______________.
* Pharaohs were all-powerful rulers who _____________________________________.
His word was ____________ and it had to be obeyed without question.
* Pharaohs appointed _________________ to carry out their wishes. Their
responsibilities included :
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
* Egyptians so willingly followed/served their pharaoh because:
1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
Religion:
* Ancient Egyptians worshipped many ________________________ (meaning
______________________________).
* ________ were believed to control the __________________________________ and
________________________.
* The main Egyptian god was ________, who was the god of the _________. He was
likely their main god because _____________________________________________.
* Other gods included:
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
* Ancient Egyptians believed that life in the next world (life after death/afterlife) would be
________________ than life on Earth.
* The Book of the Dead was a _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
* It was believed that once someone died, Osiris would meet them at the entrance to the
next world. If they had good lives and knew the magic spells, Osiris would _________
________________________________.
* Ancient Egyptians believed that only pharaohs and an elite few could enjoy the
afterlife, and that they needed a ___________ to make the journey to the afterlife. So,
The Old Kingdom
2600 BC - 2300 BC
Egyptians took careful steps to preserve the bodies and keep them from decaying. The
process Egyptians used to to do this was __________________________.
* ____________________ Process:
1. _______________________________________
2. _______________________________________
3. _______________________________________
4. _______________________________________
5. _______________________________________
6. _______________________________________
7. _______________________________________
Throughout this process, Egyptians
learned a lot about the human body and
medicine, such as
_______________________
__________________________
_________________________.
Some Egyptians focused on certain
parts of medicine, becoming
______________. The first
_______________ were written on
______________.
}
* At this point, the body was ready for burial, but no ordinary
tomb would do; therefore, the Egyptians built
______________________.
* Describe these pyramids (their appearance and what was in them) and how they were
built.
* One of the largest and grandest pyramids was the ___________________________.
Describe this pyramid.
The Old Kingdom
2600 BC - 2300 BC
Egyptian kings were called pharaohs -- all-powerful ruler who guided Egypt’s every
activity; his word was law and it had to be obeyed without question
Pharaohs lived in palaces (pharaoh = “grand house”)
Pharaohs appointed officials to carry out their wishes; these officials saw that irrigation
canals and grain storage were built and repaired; that crops were planted as the
pharaoh wanted; controlled trade and collected tax payments of grain from farmers
Why did Egyptians so willingly follow/serve the pharaoh?
believed the unity of the kingdom depended on a strong leader
considered the pharaoh the son of Re (Egyptian son god) -- he was the god on earth
therefore, people paid him respect -- music was played when he was in public and
bystanders had to “smell the earth” (touch their heads to the ground)
Religion:
ancient Egyptians worshipped many deities
deities were believed to control the forces of nature and human activities
main Egyptian God - Re (sun god), probably because of Egypt’s hot, sunny climate and
the importance of the sun for good harvests
Hapi -- ruled the Nile River
Isis -- represented the loyal wife and mother, and ruled over the dead with her husband,
Osiris
believed that life in the next world (after death) would be better than life on Earth
Book of the Dead -- collection of spells and prayers that Egyptians studied to obtain life
after death; Osiris would meet newcomers at the entrance to the next world. If they had
good lives and knew the magic spells, Osiris would grant them life after death
believed that only pharaohs and an elite few could enjoy the afterlife, and that those
people needed a body to make the journey to the afterlife, so took careful measure to
preserve the bodies and keep them from decaying = embalming
1st - remove organs
2nd - special salt (natron) was then applied to the body and stored for a few days to dry
3rd - body then filled with spices and perfumes, then stitched closed
4th - cleaned with oils and tightly wrapped with long strips of linen = mummy
put in several wooden coffins, one fitting inside the other ---- ready for burial in tomb
no ordinary tomb would do -- built pyramids
How were pyramids built?