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Download Key Terms Ch 14 Pages 388-399
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Mona Cheng APUSH Period 3 12/2/2010 Page 388 Key Term High Casualties Definition/Information Over 618,000 Americans died in the Civil war – compare to the 115,000 deaths in WWI and the 318,000 deaths from WWII. 2,000:100,000 deaths to population ratio. 388 Repeating Weapons A pistol (revolver) made by Samuel Colt 1835; Repeating rifle – introduced to the military by Oliver Winchester. 389 Importance of the Railroad 389 The Telegraph 389 First Battle of Bull Run 389 Battle of Wilson’s Creek 390 New Orleans Captured 390 Shiloh 390 George McClellan 391 Battle of Seven Pines 393 Antietam Worked well to transport armies of 250,000 men and their supplies from one location to another. Millions of soldiers made use of the railroad to travel from place to place where they were needed. Military leaders used them to keep in contact with other leaders; Both Southerners and Northerners sent spies to try to tap into their opponents’ telegraph lines to find out important information of their future plans/formations. July 21st, 1861; The south won this battle because the Union were exhausted and panicked – leader could not keep control of the army and they all retreated. South did not pursue – did not have enough supplies/transportation; President realized the officers might not be as capable as he originally thought. August 10th, 1861 – Nathaniel Lyon (Union commander of the army there) was killed though was able to weaken the Confederate army before his death. Turning point of the war – Major Union victory – Confederates did not anticipate that they would sail around to the south rather than come down from the north. – Surrendered on April 25th, 1862. 2 day battle resulting in a Union victory; Grant (Union) was surprised by an army led by Johnston and Beauregard equal in size to theirs. Union were forced to retreat but came back the second day with 25,000 more troops. Led Union armies in 1862 – Passed up on a lot of opportunities they could have had; trained 150,000 men during the winter of 1861-1862 to take over the Confederate capital in Richmond – did not head directly to Richmond – took a longer more complicated route. Did not seem to really like having his troops in battles. (May 31st – June 1st of 1862) ; Joseph E. Johnston (Confederate) could not keep the Union forces from advancing on the capital - replaced by Robert E. Lee after he was badly injured. McClellan had been previously informed of Lee’s plans but did not act right away – stalled and gave time for Lee’s forces to come together; Bloodiest single-day battle in history; 6,000 soldiers dead – 17,000 injured. McClellan allowed Lee to retreat into Virginia- Union victory but he could have pursued them. 393 Battle of Chancellorsville 394 Vicksburg 394 Gettysburg 394 Pickett’s Charge 395 Battle of Chattanooga 395 Grant’s Strategy 396 Capture of Atlanta 398 March to the Sea 398 Appomattox Courthouse 399 Impact of the North’s Victory May 1st – 5th 1863: Confederate army had split in to two and attacked the Union army from the front and from the right – Hooker was able to escape with the Union army – Stonewall Jackson (one of the best Confederate officers) died. 1863 – Union victory in the west; Siege of Vicksburg – starved the people there into surrendering – the 2nd last stronghold the Confederates had over the Mississippi River – Important victory. Union victory – Confederate army decreased by about 1/3. Turning point of the war – confederates did not again dare to try threatening northern territories. 15,000 charged against the Union in plain open land while the Union soldiers continued to shoot at them – only 5,000 made it and ended up retreating. Union army was trapped in a confederate siege – saved by Grant who brought more forces and drove the confederate army back to Georgia. 1864 – Bring his forces to Richmond and force Lee to battle while the western army under Sherman would attack Confederate forces in the south which was being led by Johnston. Captured on September 2nd, 1864 by Sherman; Johnston was replaced with John. B. Hood who initiated two head-on battles with the Union and only succeeded at weakening his own army. After leaving Atlanta, Sherman and his army traveled a 60-mile path across Georgia burning down towns and plantations until he reached Savannah which surrendered December 22nd. – Then continued on to South Carolina and was not stopped until he reached North Carolina. April 9th 1865 – Town in Virginia where Lee met with Grant to surrender his remaining forces. April 18th – Johnston surrendered to Sherman near Durham, NC. Increase in industry/railroad development. Southern industries were greatly weakened due to the destroying of land that occurred and the decrease in young male population due to the war.