Download Key Terms Ch 14 Pages 388-399

Mona Cheng
APUSH
Period 3
12/2/2010
Page
388
Key Term
High Casualties
Definition/Information
Over 618,000 Americans died in the Civil war – compare to the
115,000 deaths in WWI and the 318,000 deaths from WWII.
2,000:100,000 deaths to population ratio.
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Repeating Weapons
A pistol (revolver) made by Samuel Colt 1835; Repeating rifle –
introduced to the military by Oliver Winchester.
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Importance of the Railroad
389
The Telegraph
389
First Battle of Bull Run
389
Battle of Wilson’s Creek
390
New Orleans Captured
390
Shiloh
390
George McClellan
391
Battle of Seven Pines
393
Antietam
Worked well to transport armies of 250,000 men and their supplies
from one location to another. Millions of soldiers made use of the
railroad to travel from place to place where they were needed.
Military leaders used them to keep in contact with other leaders; Both
Southerners and Northerners sent spies to try to tap into their
opponents’ telegraph lines to find out important information of their
future plans/formations.
July 21st, 1861; The south won this battle because the Union were
exhausted and panicked – leader could not keep control of the army
and they all retreated. South did not pursue – did not have enough
supplies/transportation; President realized the officers might not be as
capable as he originally thought.
August 10th, 1861 – Nathaniel Lyon (Union commander of the army
there) was killed though was able to weaken the Confederate army
before his death.
Turning point of the war – Major Union victory – Confederates did
not anticipate that they would sail around to the south rather than
come down from the north. – Surrendered on April 25th, 1862.
2 day battle resulting in a Union victory; Grant (Union) was surprised
by an army led by Johnston and Beauregard equal in size to theirs.
Union were forced to retreat but came back the second day with
25,000 more troops.
Led Union armies in 1862 – Passed up on a lot of opportunities they
could have had; trained 150,000 men during the winter of 1861-1862
to take over the Confederate capital in Richmond – did not head
directly to Richmond – took a longer more complicated route. Did not
seem to really like having his troops in battles.
(May 31st – June 1st of 1862) ; Joseph E. Johnston (Confederate) could
not keep the Union forces from advancing on the capital - replaced by
Robert E. Lee after he was badly injured.
McClellan had been previously informed of Lee’s plans but did not
act right away – stalled and gave time for Lee’s forces to come
together; Bloodiest single-day battle in history; 6,000 soldiers dead –
17,000 injured. McClellan allowed Lee to retreat into Virginia- Union
victory but he could have pursued them.
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Battle of Chancellorsville
394
Vicksburg
394
Gettysburg
394
Pickett’s Charge
395
Battle of Chattanooga
395
Grant’s Strategy
396
Capture of Atlanta
398
March to the Sea
398
Appomattox Courthouse
399
Impact of the North’s Victory
May 1st – 5th 1863: Confederate army had split in to two and attacked
the Union army from the front and from the right – Hooker was able
to escape with the Union army – Stonewall Jackson (one of the best
Confederate officers) died.
1863 – Union victory in the west; Siege of Vicksburg – starved the
people there into surrendering – the 2nd last stronghold the
Confederates had over the Mississippi River – Important victory.
Union victory – Confederate army decreased by about 1/3. Turning
point of the war – confederates did not again dare to try threatening
northern territories.
15,000 charged against the Union in plain open land while the Union
soldiers continued to shoot at them – only 5,000 made it and ended up
retreating.
Union army was trapped in a confederate siege – saved by Grant who
brought more forces and drove the confederate army back to Georgia.
1864 – Bring his forces to Richmond and force Lee to battle while the
western army under Sherman would attack Confederate forces in the
south which was being led by Johnston.
Captured on September 2nd, 1864 by Sherman; Johnston was replaced
with John. B. Hood who initiated two head-on battles with the Union
and only succeeded at weakening his own army.
After leaving Atlanta, Sherman and his army traveled a 60-mile path
across Georgia burning down towns and plantations until he reached
Savannah which surrendered December 22nd. – Then continued on to
South Carolina and was not stopped until he reached North Carolina.
April 9th 1865 – Town in Virginia where Lee met with Grant to
surrender his remaining forces. April 18th – Johnston surrendered to
Sherman near Durham, NC.
Increase in industry/railroad development. Southern industries were
greatly weakened due to the destroying of land that occurred and the
decrease in young male population due to the war.