Download Biology Study Guide 10 p

HONORS BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 10
Name______________________ Date___________ Per _______
RACE TO FIND THE STRUCTURE OF DNA: Read 10.1-10.3 Match the DNA Scientists pp. 182-187
A. Watson and Crick
C. Rosalind Franklin
B. Hershey and Chase
D. James Chargaff
_____used radioactive DNA and protein to find DNA =genetic material in T2 bacteriophages
_____found A = T and C = G amounts in a DNA strand
_____won Nobel Prize for finding the structure of DNA
_____used X-ray crystallography to show the shape of DNA molecule
READ 10.2 DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides pp. 186-7
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. Label the complementary base pairs. (A, T, C, G)
3. Label the phosphates. (P)
4. Label the hydrogen bonds. (H)
5. Label the deoxyribose sugars. (S)
6. Circle ONE nucleotide.
7. How do the opposite strands of the DNA molecule relate to each other?
8. What do the nitrogenous base letters stand for:
A____________________ C__________________
T____________________
G__________________
9. Which of the above are purines?______________________
Which of the above are pyrimidines?_____________________
Which are single ringed?__________________________
Which are double ringed?__________________________
10. What does RNA stand for?_________________________________
How is RNA different from DNA in:
sugar_________________ a base____________________________
11. What functional group(s) is (are) in nitrogenous bases?
Honors Biology Study Guide 10 p. 2
READ 10.4-5 p.188189
1. What does it mean that DNA replication is semi-conservative? Antiparallel?
2. Sketch replication bubbles of two daughter DNA molecules.
2. Fill in the missing bases to show DNA replication:
Read 10.6-14 THE CENTRAL DOGMA pp. 190-197
1. Match structures: A-DNA
D-ribosomal units
B-mature mRNA
E-protein
C-Amino acid
F-pre-mRNA
Match processes: transcription
(P)
translation
NUCLEUS
G- anticodon
H-tRNA
I-codon
Processes
Honors Biology Study Guide 10 p. 3
3. What is the mRNA strand that would be copied from this DNA strand?
G G C T A T A T C C T G C G C T A T
A C G C T A
______
_____ ______
______ _____
______
_____
______
4. MATCH THE TERMS WITH THEIR DEFINITIONS:
_____introns
A. protein + this make up a ribosome subunit
_____exons
B. RNA
protein
_____tRNA
D. DNA
mRNA
_____mRNA
E. organelles that position tRNA and mRNA to make proteins
_____rRNA
F. triplet loop of bases on tRNA
_____codon
G. triplet of bases on mRNA
_____anti-codon
H. non-coding regions of RNA that are removed
_____RNA polymerase
I. coding regions of RNA that are expressed and leave nucleus
_____ribosomes
J. transcription enzyme
_____transcription
K. type of RNA used in translation (convert codons to protein)
_____translation
L. type of RNA to code from DNA to take code out of nucleus
READ 10.7-8 Amino Acid Sequences
1. How many amino acids are common to all organisms?_______
2. What do we call the length of three DNA bases?__________
3. Looking at the following codon chart, write the amino acids that these codons would form:
AUC___________________
AUG___________________
CAC___________________
What three codons would stop translation?
READ 10.9 p. 193 TRANSCRIPTION
Fill in the blanks by looking at Fig. 10.5
1. _______________________is the enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides.
2. _______________________is the start transcribing signal nucleotide sequence.
2. _______________________is the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter.
3. _______________________is when the RNA grows longer.
4._______________________is the DNA template when the RNA polymerase reaches a pointto stop.
Biology Study Guide 10 p. 4
READ 10.10-12 p.194-6
1. What is the job of mRNA?
2. Not all the mRNA leaves the nucleus. What is the part of mRNA called that are noncoding and remain in the
nucleus?_________________________What is the part of mRNA that is expressed and leaves the nucleus to
travel to the ribosomes?______________________
3.What type of RNA converts nucleic acid language (codons) to amino acid language?_______
4.
Identify on this tRNA where
the anticodon would be and
where the amino acid acceptor
would be.
10.13-14 Read pp. 196-7
What happens at each site of translation at the ribosome:
A site-
P site-
E site-
What is translocation?
READ 10.16 Mutations p199
Matching:
_____silent mutation
_____nonsense mutation
_____missense mutation
_____Reading frame
_____mutation
_____mutagens
A. any change in the DNA sequence
B. triplet grouping of nucleotides
C. any physical or chemical agent causing mutations
D. if no change in the protein product from a base sequence change
E. a mutation does cause a change in the protein coded
F. substitutions of bases that lead to a stop codon
Biology Study Guide 10 p. 5
READ 10.17 Viral DNA may become part of the host chromosome p. 200
1. Why is a virus called “genes in a box?” (make a sketch)
2.
FILL IN THE CHART OF THE COMPARISON OF THE TWO VIRUS CYCLES:
Description
LYTIC
The virus lands on the cell and injects its ________.
New phage _______ and ___________are synthesized.
The phages then__________________.
The cell _______________, releasing phages.
LYSOGENIC
Sketches
Viral DNA is inserted into:______________________
The host cell replicates the _______________ DNA
along with its own DNA.
The prophages may remain in the host cell
_______________.
Occasionally something triggers the ____________ of
the prophage from its host.
The freed DNA now goes into the _________ cycle.
READ 10.22-23 BACTERIA pp. 204-5
1. Most bacteria has a single chromosome in what shape?________
MATCH:
_____DNA transfer between two bacteria
_____uptake of DNA from the surrounding environment
_____small, circular DNA separate from the bacteria regular chromosome
_____plasmid that are resistant to antibiotics
_____piece of DNA that makes sex pili and an origin of replication
_____physical union of bacteria and transferring DNA
. F factor
B. R plasmid
C. plasmid
D. transformation
E. transduction
F. conjugation