Download The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table:
Reading the Periodic Table
 Each element in the periodic table is represented by
its own box, or element key, on the periodic table.
The Periodic Table:
Reading the Periodic Table
 Each element in the periodic table is represented by
its own box, or element key, on the periodic table.
 In the standard version of the periodic table, the
text of the element key contains four basic pieces of
information about every element:
The Periodic Table:
Reading the Periodic Table
 Each element in the periodic table is represented by
its own box, or element key, on the periodic table.
 In the standard version of the periodic table, the
text of the element key contains four basic pieces of
information about every element:




Symbol
Name
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
The Periodic Table:
Reading the Periodic Table
 Some periodic tables provided
additional information about
each element.
The Periodic Table:
Reading the Periodic Table
 Some periodic tables provided
additional information about
each element.
 The symbol for each element is
made up of one to three letters.
The Periodic Table:
Reading the Periodic Table
 Some periodic tables provided
additional information about
each element.
 The symbol for each element is
made up of one to three letters.
 A one-letter symbol, such as H or hydrogen, is
capitalized.
The Periodic Table:
Reading the Periodic Table
 Some periodic tables provided
additional information about
each element.
 The symbol for each element is
made up of one to three letters.
 A one-letter symbol, such as H or hydrogen, is
capitalized.
 For a two-letter symbol, such as He for helium, only
the first letter is capitalized.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 Each horizontal row of elements from let to right on
the periodic table is called a period.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 Each horizontal row of elements from let to right on
the periodic table is called a period.
 As you move across
a period, the
properties of the
elements follow a
repeating pattern.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The atomic number is the number of
protons in the nucleus of an element’s
atoms.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The atomic number is the number of
protons in the nucleus of an element’s
atoms.
 Because atoms are neutral, the number of electrons
in an atom is the same as its atomic number.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The atomic number is the number of
protons in the nucleus of an element’s
atoms.
 Because atoms are neutral, the number of electrons
in an atom is the same as its atomic number.
 These electrons are arranged around the nucleus in
different orbitals.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The atomic number is the number of
protons in the nucleus of an element’s
atoms.
 Because atoms are neutral, the number of electrons
in an atom is the same as its atomic number.
 These electrons are arranged around the nucleus in
different orbitals.
 The number of electrons that can be in a particular
orbital is limited.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The periodic table provides information about the
locations of electrons in an atomic of an element
based on the period in which the element appears.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The periodic table provides information about the
locations of electrons in an atomic of an element
based on the period in which the element appears.
 There are seven periods in the periodic table.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The periodic table provides information about the
locations of electrons in an atomic of an element
based on the period in which the element appears.
 There are seven periods in the periodic table.
 The two rows at the
bottom of the table are
actually parts of Periods
6 and 7.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The lowest energy level, or first orbital, of an atom
can only have two electrons.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The lowest energy level, or first orbital, of an atom
can only have two electrons.
 In the first period of the table has only two elements
– hydrogen and helium.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The lowest energy level, or first orbital, of an atom
can only have two electrons.
 In the first period of the table has only two elements
– hydrogen and helium.
 Hydrogen has one electron and
helium has two electrons.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 The lowest energy level, or first orbital, of an atom
can only have two electrons.
 In the first period of the table has only two elements
– hydrogen and helium.
 Hydrogen has one electron and
helium has two electrons.
 Lithium (atomic number 3) has
three electrons.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 Because the first orbital is filled by the two
electrons, the third electron is located in the second
orbital.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 Because the first orbital is filled by the two
electrons, the third electron is located in the second
orbital.
The Periodic Table:
Periods
 Because the first orbital is filled by the two
electrons, the third electron is located in the second
orbital.
 From left to right across the second period, each
element has one additional electron in the second
orbital.
The Periodic Table:
Groups
 The periodic table arranges electrons into rows and
columns.
The Periodic Table:
Groups
 The periodic table arranges electrons into rows and
columns.
 A group consists of the elements in a particular
column of the periodic table.
The Periodic Table:
Groups
 The periodic table arranges electrons into rows and
columns.
 A group consists of the elements in a particular
column of the periodic table.
 The elements in a group
have similar chemical
and physical properties.
The Periodic Table:
Groups
 All of the elements in each group have the same
arrangement of electrons in their highest orbitals.
The Periodic Table:
Groups
 All of the elements in each group have the same
arrangement of electrons in their highest orbitals.
 At the top of the periodic table, the groups are
labeled with the numbers 1 through 18.
The Periodic Table:
Groups
 All of the elements in each group have the same
arrangement of electrons in their highest orbitals.
 At the top of the periodic table, the groups are
labeled with the numbers 1 through 18.
 A second set of
labels shows an
alternative grouplabeling systems
that uses Roman
numerals I-VIII and
letters A and B.