Download Comparative Fungi Lab

AP Biology Comparative Fungi Anatomy
Body Plan of Fungi
Name:
Spores
Mass of hyphae, a mycelium
Example of one type of
fruiting body (ascocarp).
An extensive mat of hyphae is
called a
Fungi produce spores.
___________________________
The typical body of a fungus is in
What is a spore? __________________
A fruiting body on a fungus is
the shape of long filaments called
like a what on a plant?
___________________________
_________________________
________________________________
Hyphae branch and aggregate to
form a pattern of interconnecting
Is a spore haploid or diploid? ________
filaments collectively called
__________________________
Phylum Chytridiomycota
Draw and label a representative of Phylum
Chytridiomycota in the adjacent space.
What is the phylogentic significance of looking at
Allomyces? ________________________________
How is Allomyces similar to a protist? How to a
fungus? ___________________________________
What is the economic importance of Allomyces?
__________________________________________
Comparative Fungi Lab
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Phylum Zygomycota
Rhizopus (breadmold) mycelium growing in
Petri plate.
What is the white material growing on the
surface of this agar plate?
______________________________________
What is the ploidy level of a hypa?
______________________________________
What are the dark structures?
______________________________________
Rhizopus asexual sporangia at different stages
of development
What is a sporangium? ___________________
______________________________________
What is the difference between a sexual and
asexual spore? __________________________
Rhizopus zygosporangium (stained)
What is a zygosporangium and why is it important?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Before a zygosporangium can produce spores, what type
of cell division must occur?
_____________________________________________
Quiet and germinating spores of Rhizopus
What is a spore? ______________________________
____________________________________________
What is the ploidy level of a spore?
____________________________________________
In each of the above photos, find and label a mycelium, hypha, and a zygosporangium.
Comparative Fungi Lab
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Every fall in temperate climates, massive amounts of leaves are shed. Using the above photos as a visual,
explain the decomposer role of fungi in ecosystems. ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Bread Mold Dissection
1. Carefully open the bag of bread and observe the
To what Phylum does this organism belong
bread mold then using a hand lens study it
_________________________________________
Does this organism produce spores in a) asexual
reproduction b) sexual reproduction c) both d)
neither
closely.(do NOT inhale the spores)
2. Identify, draw, and label the parts of the bread
mold in space below.
In this organism sexual reproduction takes place in
the: A. ovary B. zygospore C. ascus D.
basidiocarp
T/F Sexual reproduction only occurs in the most
ideal climates
How many nuclei are you expecting to observe in
each cell? _________________________________
Describe the hyphae of this organism A) coenocytic
The spores from two different sporangia shown here and dikaryotic B) coenocytic with haplid nuclei C)
are genetically same? ________________________ septate with haploid nuclei D) septate with diploid
nuclei E) coenocytic with dipoid nuclei F) septate
and dikaryotic
Where are the asexual spores in this organism
produced? _________________________________
In the sexual reproduction of Zygomycota, two
types of mating gametangia fuse to produce (A)
rhizoids; (B) hyphae; (C) zygospore; (D) asexual
spore.
If bread is left exposed to air under moist conditions, mold grows on it. Where does the mold come from?
___________________________________________________________________________________
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Phylum Ascomycota-Sac Fungi
Mold on Orange
T/F Penicillium, mildew and mold belong to the
Phylum Ascomycota.
Penicillium at 200X (stained)
What name is given to these specialized asexual
Name one other type of fungus that is also found in spores?_________________________________
this phylum.
_________________________________________
Powdery Mildew of Lilac
Ascocarp (stained)
What is an ascocarp? ___________________________
What would you expect to find inside an ascocarp?
_____________________________________________
What is the ploidy level of an ascocarp? ____________
Mildew hyphae on leaf surface, Lo mag
Comparative Fungi Lab
High magnification of ascocarp (stained)
Mildew hyphae on leaf surface, Hi mag
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What is function of haustoria? (A) absorb water from soil; (B) produce asexual spores; (C) absorb nutrients
from the host leaf; (D) participate sexual reproduction.
This fungus is a parasite that lives on the leaves of this lilac. The term that plant pathologists us to denote a
fungus that is parasitically associated with the leaves of a plant is _________________________________.
Describe how a mildew obtains nutrients from its host. __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
How do mildews spread from one lilac leaf to another? __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
What is the ploidy level of the hyphae of a mildew? ____________________________________________
Cup fungi (You should review the life cycle of Sordaria, an Ascomocota fungus)
Peziza at 400X. Note closely
packed asci each containing
ascospores (stained).
The sac like reproductive
structures of this fungus are
called______________________.
How many ascospores are in an
ascus? ________________
What type of cell divisions occur in
the development of an ascospore?
_______________
_________________________
Sordaria.
Fungi produce spores. Are they
haploid or diploid? ___________
What is a spore? _____________
___________________________
What are these spores called?
___________________________
True / False The spores released In cup fungi, a diploid zygote
Do they occur during the asexual
by this structure are always
divides to produce 8 ascospores by or sexual phase? _____________
formed by meiosis.
(A) mitosis and meiosis; (B)
What phylum does this organism
mitosis; (C) meiosis; (D)
belong to? Why?
Which structure below is unique fertilization..
_____________
to this organism's phylum? A.
___________________________
basiocarp B. zygospore C. ascus. Select the sequence of events that
Describe what is meant by a
produced the red-stained cells
"dikaryon" and where this stage
What is the ploidy level of the
A) karyogamy-diploid cell-mitosis- fits within the life cycle of an
spores and hyphae shown here?
meiosis-ascospores B) diploid cell- Ascomycete fungus. __________
___________________________ karyogamy-meiosis-ascospores C)
Karyogamy-diploid cell-meiosis___________________________
___________________________ mitosis-ascospores D) Karyogamydiploid cells-mitosis-ascospores.
___________________________
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Name the structures produced by asexual reproduction in this organism.
___________________________________________________________
This organism is only diploid at one stage in its life cycle. Which stage is
that? _______________________________________________________
What reproductive structure is featured here? _______________________
This organism is only diploid at one stage in its life cycle. Which stage is
that? _______________________________________________________
Describe what is meant by a "dikaryon" and where this stage fits within
the life cycle of an Ascomycete fungus.____________________________
____________________________________________________________
Yeast Dissection
1. Obtain a clean microscope slide from your teacher.
2. Place a few specimens of Dry Yeast on the slide;
add some water and then a coverslip.
3. Find the yeast specimens first on scanning power,
then low, and finally high-power.
Sketch and label the structures of the yeast in the
adjacent space.
Penicillium Observation
Observe some penicillium on an orange. Sketch
your observations. Based on your observations, how
are these fungi different that the others you have
observed in this lab?_________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
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Phylum Basidiomycota
1. Take your mushroom and using the hand lens or the
dissecting microscope study it closely.
2. Identify, draw, and label these parts of the mushroom:
gills, cap, basidiocarp, and stalk (page 507).
3. Now take the mushroom and cut it lengthwise through
the cap and stalk.
a. Examine the cut areas with the hand lens or the
dissecting microscope.
b. Identify, draw, and label the hyphae part of the
mushroom.
Mushroom (basidiocarp) showing gills under
cap.
What division does this fungus belong to?
A. Chytridiomycota; B. Zygomycota; C.
Ascomycota; D. Basidiomycota.
What microscopic structures would you expect to
find on the gill surfaces? ____________________
The hyphae in a mushroom are (A) diploid; (B)
dikaryotic; (C) monokaryotic.
What ploidy level do most of the tissues in this
mushroom exhibit? ________________________
What is a basidiocarp?______________________
________________________________________
If surface of gill is observed at high magnification
Comparative Fungi Lab
Basidiospores are attached to basidia by small
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basidia are observed.
The structures on this organism that produce the
spores are the _____________________________
Each basidium produces how many spores? _____
Are spores haploid or diploid? _______________
Are basidiospores produced by mitosis or meiosis?
_________________________________________
cytoplasmic extensions,
Gills of oyster mushroom.
Bracket fungi
This structure was produced from:
A) haploid hypae B) dikaryotic hyphae C) diploid
hyphae D) none of the above
What type of nuclear division gave rise to this
structure?__________________________________
Bracket fungus upper surface
Bracket fungus on left was cut in half to reveal
inner structure.
General and Comparative Questions
1.
Define plamogamy and karyogamy. Diagram a
general life cycle of a Kingdom Fungi member and
show where these two processes occur in the life
cycle. Clearly indicate the ploidy levels of the
stages.
2.
Define the terms coenocytic and dikaryon.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Comparative Fungi Lab
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3.
Compare and contrast the
importance of asexual
reproduction and sexual
reproduction in the Divisions
Ascomycota and
Basidiomycota.
4.
What are the distinguishing characteristics of a fungus that are not shared with other organisms?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5.
If you were given a fungus, how would you go about determining if it was a member of one of the
four divisions studied in this lab topic?
_________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Is a fungal spore a seed? Why do you say so?
_________________________________________________________________________________
7.
How are spores from fungi similar to those from seedless plants? ____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
8.
9.
10.
11.
What is the role of spores in the life cycle of fungi? _______________________________________
What is the role of fungi in the ecosystem? ______________________________________________
What does the cell wall of a fungal hyphae consist of? _____________________________________
List 2 reasons why the fungi group does not belong to the Plant Kingdom. _____________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12.
13.
Fungi have adopted a saprophytic lifestyle. What is meant by saprophytic? ____________________
What are the different types of associations that fungi have with other organisms? Name one
example of each. __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
14.
Why do most plants grow slower in sterile soil (void of bacteria and fungi) than non-sterile soil?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
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http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Fungi/FungINDX.htm
Comparative Fungi Lab
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