Download minerals 2

Name: ______________________________________________ Pd.: ________ Date: _______________________
Unit 3 – Minerals Notes
I.
What is a mineral?
A. A mineral must be all of the following:
1. ____________________ occurring
2. Inorganic ___________________ (not living)
3. Definite ______________________
4. Definite ______________________ (what it’s made of)
B. A ___________________ is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in
__________________ patterns. Crystal structure is identified as:
1. Cubic (sylvite, ______________)
2. Hexagonal (emerald, __________________)
3. Tetragonal (wulfenite, __________________)
4. Orthorhombic (topaz, __________________)
5. Monoclinic (gypsum, ____________________)
6. Triclinic (____________________, turquoise)
II. Elements in Earth’s Crust
Using the slide, label the top 4 elements found in Earth’s crust on the pie chart. Then
copy down the percentages that appear on the next slide.
Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminum
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Other
III. Mineral Composition (2 major groups)
A. ________________ (Si & O) – consists of ____ oxygen atoms packed closely around a single silicon atom.
B. ________________ (C & O)
IV. How do minerals form? – 3 ways
A. ________________ of molten rock (lava or magma)
B. ____________________ of liquid
C. Saturated ___________________
V. Mineral Crystal Size
A. Small Crystals – indicates _______ cooling of molten rock
B. Large Crystals – indicates ________ cooling of molten rock
V. Mineral Identification
A. _______________ – the first property you notice – this is usually the 1st step in identification, but the
least useful
B. ______________________ – is a mineral’s resistance to being scratched - Moh’s Scale of Hardness
1. Scale ranges from ____ to _____
2. _____ is softest & _____ is hardest
3. Factoid – What is the hardest substance on Earth?? __________________
C. ________________ – the color of the ________________ left when a mineral is rubbed against a hard
rough surface (usually unglazed porcelain)
D. _______________ – the way light reflects from a minerals surface – 2 types
1. ___________________ – shiny
2. __________________________ – glassy, brilliant, greasy, oily, waxy, silky, or pearly
E. ________________ – mineral breaks along smooth surface
F. ________________ – mineral breaks unevenly (jagged)
G. ______________ _______________ – comparing density of a mineral to the density of water
H. __________ __________ – some minerals give off CO2 (carbon dioxide) when acid is added.
VI. Mineral Usage
A. ________________ – mineral resource mined for a profit
B. ________________ – mineral that is beautiful, rare, and valuable
C. ________________ – elements that have metallic luster have…
1. _____________________ – the ability of a mineral to be hammered without breaking
2. _____________________ – the ability to be pulled and stretched without breaking
3. _____________________ – the ability to conduct heat or electricity