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Astronomer:
Astronomy 12 Unit Test Review
Charting the Sky
Part I- Multiple choice: Answer each question by shading the most appropriate bubble.
01. Astronomy is the study of
a. the stars and planets and their movements as well as their affects on the lives and behavior
of human beings.
b. the weather and of atmospheric processes.
c. the structure and evolution of the earth's crust.
d. everything in the universe that lies above Earth's atmosphere.
02. Which of the following terms would not be associated with astronomy?
a. horoscope b. telescope c. spectroscope d. celestial sphere
03. A planet is an object which
a. occurs only in our solar system. b. is too faint to see.
c. orbits a star. d. does not generate its own energy from nuclear reactions
04. In astronomical terms, one brief description of a star is
a. a small point of light seen only at night.
b. a radiant body at least 3 million times as massive as the Earth.
c. a bright object with a five-pointed shape.
d. a body which shines from its own internal source of energy.
05. A galaxy is
a. a large cloud of gas.
b. an exploding star.
c. the object from which all other objects in the universe were formed.
d. a collection of a large number of stars bound by gravity.
06. A(n) _____ is the totality of all space, time, matter, and energy.
a. universe b. galaxy c. planet d. star
07. Which of the following is arranged from the smallest to the largest in size?
a. planet, star, universe, galaxy b. star, planet, galaxy, universe
c. planet, star, galaxy, universe d. universe, galaxy, star, planet
08. What are constellations?
a. galaxies of stars
b. configurations of bright stars patterned by humans
c. areas of the sky, each 15 x 15 degrees
d. physical groupings of stars all at the same distance from Earth
09. The picture below shows Orion’s Belt.
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Orion’s Belt
Orion’s Belt is an example of a(n)
a. constellation. b. asterism. c. star cluster. d. galaxy.
11. A band of the celestial sphere extending on either side of the ecliptic that represents the
path of the different celestial bodies (i.e. Moon, Sun, planets) and contains constellations like
Gemini and Aquarius is called the
a. North Celestial Pole. b. South Celestial Pole. c. Celestial Equator. d. Zodiac.
12. An imaginary sphere of infinite extent with Earth at its center on which the stars, planets,
and other heavenly bodies appear to be located is known as the
a. Zodiac. b. celestial sphere. c. atmosphere. d. lithosphere.
14. FILL IN THE BLANKS: Declination is analogous to geographical ______________. Right
ascension is analogous to geographical ______________.
a. latitude; longitude b. longitude; latitude c. north pole; south pole d. south pole; north pole
15. The time needed for a star on the celestial sphere to make one complete rotation in the
sky is referred to as a
a. sidereal month. b. solar year. c. sidereal day. d. solar day.
16. The period of time between the instant when the Sun is directly overhead to the next time
it is directly overhead is referred to as a
a. sidereal month. b. solar year. c. sidereal day. d. solar day.
17. Relative to the stars on the celestial sphere, over the course of a year, the ecliptic is the
apparent path of what celestial body?
a. Moon b. Sun c. Alpha Centauri d. Earth
18. The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west because
a. the Earth rotates on its axis. b. the Earth revolves around the Sun.
c. the Moon revolves around the Earth. d. the Earth ‘wobbles’ on its axis.
19. The point on the ecliptic where the Sun is at its northernmost point above the celestial
equator, occurring on or near June 21, is known as
a. winter solstice. b. vernal equinox. c. summer solstice. d. autumnal equinox.
Charting the Sky Unit Test Review
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20. The point on the ecliptic where the Sun is at its southernmost point below the celestial
equator, occurring on or near December 21, is known as
a. winter solstice. b. vernal equinox. c. summer solstice. d. autumnal equinox.
21. The date on which the Sun crosses the celestial equator moving southward, occurring on
or near September 22 is known as
a. winter solstice. b. vernal equinox. c. summer solstice. d. autumnal equinox.
22. The date during which the Sun crosses the celestial equator, moving northward, occurring
on or near March 21.
a. winter solstice. b. vernal equinox. c. summer solstice. d. autumnal equinox.
23. The time required for the constellations to complete once cycle around the sky and return
to their starting points, as seen from a given point on Earth, is referred to as a
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a. synodic month. b. sidereal month. c. tropical year. d. sidereal year.
24. The time interval between one vernal equinox and the next is referred to as a
a. synodic month. b. sidereal month. c. tropical year. d. sidereal year.
25. The slow but relatively uniform motion of the earth's rotational axis that causes changes in
the coordinate systems used for mapping the sky is known as
a. rotation. b. parallax. c. precession. d. revolution.
26. The difference in position of a star as seen from the Earth at different locations around the
orbit of the Sun is known as
a. revolution. b. transit. c. stellar parallax. d. precession.
27. The appearance of the sunlit face of the Moon at different points along its orbit, as seen
from Earth, is referred to as a
a. parallax.
b. phase.
c. lunar eclipse.
d. solar eclipse.
28. A _____ eclipse occurs whenever the Moon passes through some portion of the Earth's
shadow.
a. solar
b. lunar
c. total
d. partial
29. A _____ eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby
obscuring Earth's view of the Sun.
a. solar
b. lunar
c. total
d. partial
30. The darkest part of the shadow is called the
a. penumbra.
b. umbra.
c. baseline.
d. dark zone.
31. The part of a shadow where the light source is only partially blocked is called the
a. penumbra.
b. umbra.
c. baseline.
d. light zone.
32. TRUE or FALSE. Moonlight is the emission of light from the Moon, produced at its core.
Part II- Short Answer: Answer each question on the test paper in the space provided.
33. Label the various parts of the celestial sphere below:
A ___________________________
B ___________________________
C ___________________________
D ___________________________
E ___________________________
34. The solar day is 3.9 minutes longer than the sidereal day. Why is this so?
35. Why does Earth experience seasons? Be sure to mention Earth’s rotational axis and the Sun’s energy in your answer.
36. The sidereal year is about 20 minutes longer than the tropical year.
a. Why is this so?
b. If modern calendars were based on the sidereal year, what would be the effect on timekeeping?
37. Why are some stars seen throughout the year? What do we call these stars?
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38. Describe a distance measuring scenario in which the following units would be appropriate: AU, light year and
kiloparsec.
39. Describe three ways in which ancient civilizations used constellations.
40. Mars is 58 000 000 km from Earth. How long would it take a beam of light sent from Earth to reach Mars?
41. The Hubble Space Telescope has a resolution of about 0.05 arc seconds. What is the smallest object it can see on the
surface of the Moon? Give your answer in kilometers and meters. Note: the distance from the Earth to the Moon is 384 000
km.
42. Label the phases of the Moon. Indicate phase name below its image.
New Moon
43. Label the lunar eclipse diagram below. Write answers next to the appropriate letters.
44. Label the solar eclipse diagram below. Write answers next to the appropriate letters.
45. Explain why we do not see a solar eclipse at every new moon.
46. Why do we always see the same side of the Moon?
47. What is the difference between ‘waxing’ and ‘waning’? between ‘crescent’ and ‘gibbous’?
48. Describe different types of solar eclipses. Use the solar eclipse diagram above in your explanation.
49. Describe different types of lunar eclipses. Use the lunar eclipse diagram above in your explanation.
50. One sidereal month is 27.3 days. One synodic month is 29.5 days. Explain this difference.
51. How would the lunar phase cycle change if the Moon orbited in the same direction but with twice the speed?
52. Describe how Eratosthenes measured the circumference of the Earth.
53. Describe how Aristarchus determined the relative sizes of the Earth, Moon and Sun.
Charting the Sky Unit Test Review
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