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Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts and Connections, Fifth Edition – Campbell, Reece, Taylor, and Simon Lectures by Chris Romero Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 6.0 How Is a Marathoner Different from a Sprinter? • Muscles in human legs contain two different – Marathoners: have more _______________ cells, perform better in – Sprinters: have more _________________ cells, perform best in Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION 6.1 All living organisms require - Photosynthesis - converts energy from - to glucose - Cellular respiration - breaks down - & releases Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 6.2 Breathing and cellular respiration are – breathing brings – O2 is distributed to cells by – in cellular respiration, mitochondria use O2 to – breathing disposes of the CO2 produced as a Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 6.3 Cellular respiration stores energy in • the reactants O2 and glucose regroup to form • energy from glucose is released and Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings CONNECTION 6.4 The human body uses energy from ATP for • the body needs a continual • ATP supplies • an average adult human: - needs about Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION 6.5 Cellular respiration occurs in three main stages Stage 1: • occurs in the • breaks down glucose into - which produces • Stage 2: The • takes place in the – completes the breakdown of – by oxidizing the - producing - and Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Stage 3: Electron – occurs in the – uses the energy released by electrons in the – producing Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 6.6 The synthesis of • attach phosphate groups • produces Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings CONNECTION 6.7 Certain poisons - interrupt critical events in - rotenone, cyanide, & carbon monoxide - block parts of Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 6.8 Fermentation - generates 2 ATP molecules from _________ in the absence of - muscle cells use Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Alcohol fermentation occurs in: • by converting pyruvate to Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 6.9 Strict anaerobes – require - to generate ATP by – are poisoned by Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Facultative anaerobes – make ATP by: - oxidative (depending on whether Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULAR BREAKDOWN AND SYNTHESIS 6.10 Cells use three main kinds of food molecules to make ATP • Carbohydrates - digested down into • Proteins - digested down into • Fats - digested down into 6.11 The fuel for respiration - ultimately comes from - plants make _____________ molecules by Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings