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CH 11 Study Guide: DNA, RNA, and Proteins--Answers 1. What are the complementary base pairs in DNA? Write the 1 letter symbol & spell them out. Adenine (A)-Thymine (T) and Guanine (G)-Cytosine (C) 2. What are the complementary base pairs in RNA? Write the 1 letter symbol & spell them out. Adenine (A)-Uracil (U) and Guanine (G)-Cytosine (C) 3. Use a chart to compare and contrast RNA and DNA in terms of structure, sugars, and bases. DNA RNA Structure 2 strands 1 strand Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose 4. List the three types of RNA and explain the function of each. mRNA: carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm rRNA: combines with proteins to form the ribosome tRNA: carries amino acids to the ribosome so that proteins can be made 5. Who discovered the structure of DNA? Watson & Crick 6. IF a sequence of codons on a DNA strand is AAC TAG GGT, what is the corresponding sequence in a strand of mRNA? What tRNA sequence would pair up to this mRNA? mRNA: UUG AUC CCA tRNA: AAC UAG GGT 7. What is DNA replication? the process by which a DNA molecule is copied 8. What does the enzyme DNA helicase do during DNA replication? It unzips/unwinds DNA 9. What are the parts of a nucleotide? Sugar, nitrogenous bases, & phosphate group 10. What process forms messenger RNA? What process forms proteins? transcription; translation 11. What does structure III in the picture represent? Amino acid 12. What process is illustrated in the figure? translation 13. A DNA segment is changed from- AATTAG- toAAATAG. What kind of mutation is this? point 14. What four things can cause a mutation? o spontaneous mistakes in base pairings o radiation o chemicals o high temperatures 15. Where does translation and transcription take place in the cell? Translation-cytoplasm; transcription-nucleus 16. What is the start codon? What amino acid does it code for? AUG; methionine 17. Which type of RNA is the anticodon? Which type is the codon? tRNA; mRNA CH 11 Study Guide: DNA, RNA, and Proteins--Answers 1. What are the complementary base pairs in DNA? Write the 1 letter symbol & spell them out. Adenine (A)-Thymine (T) and Guanine (G)-Cytosine (C) 2. What are the complementary base pairs in RNA? Write the 1 letter symbol & spell them out. Adenine (A)-Uracil (U) and Guanine (G)-Cytosine (C) 3. Use a chart to compare and contrast RNA and DNA in terms of structure, sugars, and bases. DNA RNA Structure 2 strands 1 strand Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose 4. List the three types of RNA and explain the function of each. mRNA: carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm rRNA: combines with proteins to form the ribosome tRNA: carries amino acids to the ribosome so that proteins can be made 5. Who discovered the structure of DNA? Watson & Crick 6. IF a sequence of codons on a DNA strand is AAC TAG GGT, what is the corresponding sequence in a strand of mRNA? What tRNA sequence would pair up to this mRNA? mRNA: UUG AUC CCA tRNA: AAC UAG GGT 7. What is DNA replication? the process by which a DNA molecule is copied 8. What does the enzyme DNA helicase do during DNA replication? It unzips/unwinds DNA 9. What are the parts of a nucleotide? Sugar, nitrogenous bases, & phosphate group 10. What process forms messenger RNA? What process forms proteins? transcription; translation 11. What does structure III in the picture represent? Amino acid 12. What process is illustrated in the figure? translation 13. A DNA segment is changed from- AATTAG- toAAATAG. What kind of mutation is this? point 14. What four things can cause a mutation? o spontaneous mistakes in base pairings o radiation o chemicals o high temperatures 15. Where does translation and transcription take place in the cell? Translation-cytoplasm; transcription-nucleus 16. What is the start codon? What amino acid does it code for? AUG; methionine 17. Which type of RNA is the anticodon? Which type is the codon? tRNA; mRNA
