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© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
From DNA to Proteins
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Section 4: Transcription
Study Guide A
KEY CONCEPT
Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
VOCABULARY
central dogma
messenger RNA (mRNA)
RNA
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
transcription
transfer RNA (tRNA)
RNA polymerase
MAIN IDEA: RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
Label the diagram below with each of the following processes: translation,
transcription, and replication.
For each process, write down whether it takes place in the nucleus or in the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
1. _______________
DNA
RNA
Proteins
2. _______________
_______________
3. _______________
_______________
____________
Place the following words and letters into the table below to contrast DNA
and RNA.
ribose
deoxyribose
double
single
U
T
DNA
RNA
4. Contains the sugar ____________
Contains the sugar ____________
5. Has the bases A, C, G, and ________ Has the bases A, C, G, and ________
6. Typically __________-stranded
Typically __________-stranded
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
1
From DNA to Proteins
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Study Guide A continued
MAIN IDEA: Transcription makes three types of RNA.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
7. The enzyme that helps a cell to make a strand of RNA is called
________________________.
8. The following sentences summarize the three key steps of transcription.
Circle the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,
i. A large transcription complex, including RNA polymerase and other
proteins, assembles at the start of a gene / nucleus and begins to unwind
the DNA / RNA.
ii. Using one strand of the DNA as a template, DNA polymerase / RNA
polymerase strings together a complementary strand of RNA.
iii. The RNA strand attaches to / detaches from the DNA as it is transcribed,
and the DNA zips back together.
9. Identify which type of RNA (mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA) performs each of the
following functions.
__________ brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help
make the growing protein.
__________ forms part of ribosomes.
__________ is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein.
MAIN IDEA: The transcription process is similar to replication.
10. Check the appropriate boxes to identify whether each of the following
processes is true of transcription, true of replication, or true of both
transcription and replication.
Transcription
Replication
Both
i. is catalyzed by large enzymes
ii. is highly regulated by the cell
iii. involves complementary base
pairing of the DNA strand
iv. involves unwinding of the DNA
double helix
v. occurs within the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
2
From DNA to Proteins
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Study Guide A continued
11. Check the appropriate boxes to identify whether each of the following end
results is true of transcription, true of replication, or true of both transcription
and replication.
Transcription
Replication
Both
i. makes a double-stranded copy of all the
DNA in a cell
ii. makes a single-stranded complement of
only a particular DNA sequence.
iii. occurs only once during each round of the
cell cycle
iv. occurs repeatedly throughout the cell cycle
to make proteins, rRNAs, and tRNAs, as
needed by a cell
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
12. The name of each type of RNA tells what it does.
mRNA is a form of the DNA message that tells the cell what type of
________________ to make.
rRNA is a key component of ______________________.
tRNA transfers, or carries, _____________________ from the cytoplasm to
the ribosome.
13. Transcription is the process of copying a sequence of __________ to produce
a complementary strand of ________.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
3
From DNA to Proteins