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The Age of Exploration
E. Napp
Objective: To identify and explain European reasons for overseas trade routes
Do Now: Multiple-choice questions from previous lessons
1. Which revolution in Europe is most
4. Prices in Spain rose as colonies supplied
closely associated with the rise of capitalism,
large amounts of gold and silver. This
the formation of guilds, and the growth of
suggests that Spanish imports of gold
banking systems?
and silver led to
(1) Commercial
(1) food shortages
(2) Scientific
(2) unemployment
(3) Agrarian
(3) inflation
(4) Glorious
(4) self-sufficiency
2. In the 1500s, the Portuguese seized
trading ports in Southeast Asia in an
attempt to gain total control of the spice
trade.
Based on this statement, one goal of the
Portuguese was to establish
(1) a monopoly
(2) an embargo
(3) banking systems
(4) agricultural cooperatives
3. Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are best
known for
(1) exploring the Western Hemisphere
(2) leading religious movements
(3) opening trade between Africa and Japan
(4) providing extensive information about
lands and people
5. • Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water
route from Europe to India.
• Ferdinand Magellan’s crew
circumnavigated the globe.
• Issac Newton defined the forces of
gravity.
These events relate most directly to
(1) revised understandings of natural
surroundings
(2) questioning the benefits of the mercantile
system
(3) increased suspicion between different
religions
(4) development of new manufacturing
techniques
Questions:
“Spain and Portugal led the way in looking
for an all-water route to East Asia. Both
countries were located on the Atlantic Ocean
and had the resources needed to finance
costly overseas exploration. Spain’s rulers
hoped to spread Catholicism and to glorify
their country through overseas exploration.
Starting in the late 1400s, European
monarchs competed with one another in
sending out explorers to find new trade
routes and seek new lands.”
~World History
What countries led the way in looking
for an all-water route to Asia?
________________________________
Where were these countries located?
________________________________
What did Spain’s rulers hope to
spread?
________________________________
What did Spain’s rulers hope to
glorify?
________________________________
What did European monarchs begin
to do in the late 1400s?
________________________________
Cornell Notes Outline: The Age of Exploration (Add Key Words and Summaries)
The Key
Words:
The Notes:
I.
Reasons for The Age of Exploration
A. The Renaissance encouraged a search for knowledge
B. The Ottomans temporarily stopped trade
C. European monarchs wanted an all-water route to Asia
D. New Technological Advances
1- The compass and the moveable rudder allowed ships
to travel farther
E. To spread the Christian faith
II.
Portugal and Spain led the way
A. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal established a school
to encourage exploration
1- Bartholomeu Dias circumnavigated Africa
2- Vasco da Gama found an all-water route to India
3- Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the
world
B.
The
Summaries:
Christopher Columbus convinced Queen
Isabella of Spain to finance his journey west to arrive east
1- accidentally landed in the Americas
III.
The Treaty of Tordesillas
A. As Spain and Portugal competed for colonies, the Pope
intervened.
B. In 1494, the Pope drew a line dividing the world
1- All land west of the line belonged to Spain
2- All land east of the line belonged to Portugal
IV.
The Columbian Exchange
A. With exploration and especially European contact with the
Americas came a global exchange
1- Horses, smallpox, and wheat came from Europe to
the Americas
2- Corn, potatoes, and tobacco came from the Americas
to Europe
Please read the passage below and answer the questions:
There were many reasons for the European Age of Exploration. A spirit of inquiry
encouraged by the Renaissance and the conquest of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman
Turks in 1453 which temporarily cut Europe off from trade with East Asia encouraged
Europeans to search for new trade routes to Asia. In addition, monarchs created incentives
for explorers to find all-water passages to Asia. Believing that by controlling trade with
Asia a nation became powerful, monarchs invested time and money in exploration. Ever
since the Crusades and Marco Polo’s reports of Asian delicacies, European interest in
Asian goods like spices, perfumes, and silks had greatly increased. Of course, better
navigation skills and instruments, like the compass and the moveable rudder, allowed
Europeans to sail farther than ever before. Finally, Christian rulers in Europe wanted to
spread their religion through overseas exploration. All of these motives led to an explosion
of exploration. Ultimately, the Age of Exploration led to increased global interactions as
Europeans encountered the peoples of the world, particularly the Americas, and global
cultural diffusion increased.
1- How did the Renaissance contribute to the European Age of Exploration?
________________________________________________________________________
2- How did the Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine Empire encourage exploration?
________________________________________________________________________
3- Why did monarchs encourage exploration?
________________________________________________________________________
4- What historical events increased the European appetite for goods from Asia? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
5- What technological advances encouraged exploration? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
6- How did exploration affect the world’s cultures?
________________________________________________________________________
Christopher Columbus convinced Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his voyage. On
August 3, 1492, Columbus, his officers, and his crew sailed from Spain in three ships.
After several months of travel, a crew member sighted land on October 12, 1492.
Columbus thought that he had reached the islands of the East Indies, so he called the
people he met “Indians”. While Columbus believed that by traveling west he would
arrive in the east, he had miscalculated the size of the earth. Had he not accidentally
landed in the Americas, his crew would have perished. After his initial voyage,
Columbus made three additional voyages. In 1506 when he died, Columbus still
believed that he had discovered a new route to Asia.
After Columbus’ journey, Spain asked the pope what non-Christian areas it might
claim. In 1493, the pope drew a line down a map and divided the world into two parts.
Spain could control all new land discovered west of the line or the Americas. Portugal
could control all new land east of the line or Africa and India. Portugal did not like this
decision. So in 1494, officials from Spain and Portugal met to settle the problem. They
agreed to move the line farther west. This let Portugal control Brazil in the Americas.
7: Why did Spanish monarchs encourage exploration?
___________________________________________________________________________
8: Why did Columbus travel west?
___________________________________________________________________________
Today’s world is a very small and interdependent place. However, this was not always the
case. There was a time in history, when people only knew of their own lands and very little
beyond that. This lack of knowledge was to change with the Age of Discovery or the Age of
Exploration. This change began in 1400, and it was to take Europeans around the world,
discovering new and exciting places.
Back in 1400, travel was very difficult and dangerous. Most people could not read or
write. There were few maps available to travelers and technology was not very advanced.
All these factors added to the difficulty of traveling, and as a result people really only had
knowledge of their own immediate area.
So why did Europeans explore the world during the Age of Exploration? Many different
European countries paid for explorations for many different reasons.
Some of the reasons that they explored were:
To find a sea route to the spices of Asia
To find gold, silver, and precious stones
To expand their knowledge of the world
To control a larger empire
To expand Christianity
To find animal furs
Questions:
1: How did the Age of Discovery or Exploration change Europeans?
______________________________________________________________________________
2: What difficulties did travelers face before 1400?
______________________________________________________________________________
3: What were some reasons Europeans began to explore?
______________________________________________________________________________
Multiple-Choice Questions:
1- Which was an immediate result of the European Age of Exploration?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Islamic culture spread across Africa and Asia
European influence spread to the Western hemisphere
independence movements developed in Asia and Africa
military dictatorships were established throughout Europe
2- A major result of the Age of Exploration was
1. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of Western Europe
2. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia
3. the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic
Church
4. the end of regional isolation and the beginning of a period of European global
domination