Download WORLD RELIGIONS

WORLD
RELIGIONS
What role did RELIGION play in
World History?
 KNOW
 WANT
TO KNOW
 LEARNED
RELIGION
AN ORGANIZED COLLECTION OF
BELIEFS, CULTURAL SYSTEMS, AND
WORLD VIEWS THAT RELATE
HUMANITY TO AN ORDER OF
EXISTENCE.

 POLYTHEISTIC
BELIEVING
IN MANY GODS
 MONOTHEISTIC
BELIEVING
IN ONE GOD
 DEITY
A
GOD
 SECT
SECTIONS
WITHIN A RELIGION usually SEPARATED BY
SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN THEIR BELIEFS WITHIN THE
SAME RELIGION
Western
Religions
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Eastern Religions
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism
Western
Religions
JUDAISM
Founded about 2000 BC BY ABRAHAM
Judaism’s Key Beliefs
Deity: BELIEF IN ONE GOD - YAHWEH
Holy Book: THE TORAH (1st 5 books of the Bible),
THE HEBREW BIBLE (Old Testament)
10 COMMANDMENTS given by Yahweh (God) to
Moses who is a prophet (someone who speaks
the word of God). Includes:
Do not steal, kill or lie
Honor (respect your parents)
There is only one God
Believe in Afterlife (HEAVEN)
A person serves Yahweh (God) by studying the Torah
and living by its teachings
Leadership: RABBIS
God holds you accountable for your sins and
shortcomings
Covenant with God - Agreement to uphold moral
obligations
Divisions (Sects):
Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform
Sacred Place: JERUSALEM, ISRAEL
How it’s Practiced:
BAR MITZVAH/BAT MITZVAH - at age 13 boys/girls
celebrate their entrance into adult religious
community
SEVERAL HOLIDAYS THAT HONOR THEIR HISTORY &
GOD.
PASSOVER – Recalls events from past in Egypt &
escape from slavery.
Place Of Worship: SYNAGOGUE
Holy day (Sabbath or Shabbat) is from sundown Friday
to sundown Saturday. Services led by Rabbi
OTHER INFO:
FIRST MONOTHEISTIC
RELIGION
Founded by Abraham
Same God as Christians
and Muslims
KOSHER = Various dietary
restrictions as interpreted
in the Hebrew Bible
CHRISTIANITY
Founded 30AD BY JESUS
Christianity’s Key Beliefs
† Deity: BELIEF GOD, JESUS AS THE SON OF GOD & THE HOLY
SPIRIT AS ONE GOD
† Holy Book: THE HOLY BIBLE. Consisting of the Old Testament
and the New Testament
† 10 COMMANDMENTS given by God to Moses
† Believe that Jesus died and then rose from the dead to
save people from sin.
† Call Jesus, “Christ” and “Messiah”
† Believe in heaven and hell
† Christians believe they can serve God and achieve
salvation by following the teachings of Jesus.
How it is Practiced:
† Many Christians have a practice of baptism where they
are washed of their sins and accept Jesus as their Lord.
† Christmas is the when Christians celebrate the birth of
Jesus and Easter is when they celebrate His resurrection
after being crucified
† Sacred Place: JERUSALEM
† Other sites centered around Jesus’ life, death, and
resurrection
† Place of Worship: CHURCH
† Holy Day: SUNDAY
† Christianity’s Divisions (Sects):
† Roman Catholics
† Eastern Orthodox
† Baptist
† Lutheran
† Presbyterian
† Etc.
† Other Info:
† For many sects the cross represents a symbol
of victory over death
ISLAM
Founded 622AD BY MUHAMMAD
Islam’s Key Beliefs
Deity: BELIEF GOD, ALLAH – ARABIC FOR GOD
Holy Book: QUR’AN
Word of Allah as given to Muhammad
Muslims believe Muhammad ascended to heaven
over a period of time where he received messages
from Allah through the angel Gabriel
Believe in heaven and hell
Sacred Place:
SAUDI ARABIA - CITES OF MECCA AND MEDINA
JERUSALEM – Dome of the Rock, Muhammad
ascended to heaven from there
5 PILLARS:
1.ONLY ONE GOD - ALLAH & MUHAMMAD
IS HIS PROPHET
2.PRAY 5X A DAY
3.CHARITY
4.FAST DURING RAMADAN
5.PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA
How it’s Practiced:
ABLUTION – CLEANSING BEFORE PRAYER
DON’T EAT PORK OR DRINK ALCOHOL
HALAL – DIETARY RESTRICTIONS based on the
slaughtering of meat
Holidays that celebrate their history
Places of Worship: MOSQUE
Holy Day: FRIDAY
Spiritual Leader: IMAM
Only Arabic can be used in worship
Islam’s Divisions (Sects)
SUNNI AND SHI’A
THE DIVISION BEGAN WITH DISAGREEMENTS
ABOUT WHO SHOULD LEAD AFTER THE DEATH OF
MUHAMMAD.
Sunnis believe that anyone with a deep
understanding of Islam and the Qur’an can
lead Muslims
Shi’as believe that only direct descendants of
Muhammad can lead Muslims
Other Information
Consider Jews and Christians to be “People
of the Book”
Both have a holy book with many of the
same messages as Qur’an
MUSLIMS THINK MOSES AND JESUS ARE
PROPHETS, WITH MUHAMMAD BEING THE
FINAL PROPHET
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God
Bible
Muhammad
Synagogue
Abraham
Allah
New Testament
Qur’an
Yahweh
Torah
pray 5x a day
Friday Holy Day
Sunday Holy Day
Bar Mitzvah
Baptism
Western Wall - Judaism
Dome of the Rock - Islam
Jesus (messiah)
Ablution
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Church of the Holy Sepulcher - Christianity
Mosque
Mecca
Kosher
5 pillars
Monotheistic
10 commandments
Jerusalem
Friday Evening to Saturday Evening Holy Day
622 AD
Arabic
Hebrew
Jesus (prophet)
Imam
Rabbi
2000 BC
30 AD
Eastern
Religions
HINDUISM
Started ABOUT 2000 BC NO FOUNDER
Hinduism’s Basic Beliefs
GOAL OF RELIGION IS TO REACH ENLIGHTENMENT (true
understanding and happiness)
MOKSHA – freedom, self-realization and self-knowledge
Reach enlightenment after freeing themselves from earthly
desires.
TO REACH ENLIGHTENMENT MANY USE:
Deep meditation, Prayers, Worship, Attainment of
knowledge and Virtuous acts
Deity: BELIEVE IN MANY GODS. 3 MAIN GODS:
BRAHMA: CREATOR OF UNIVERSE
VISHNU: PRESERVER OF UNIVERSE
SHIVA: DESTROYER OF UNIVERSE
Holy Book: VEDAS
OLDEST HINDU WRITINGS
OLDEST WRITINGS OF THE MAJOR RELIGIONS
Sacred Place: GANGES RIVER IN INDIA
BATHE IN WATER TO CLEANSE AND PURIFY THEMSELVES
Sick and disabled come with the belief that the holy water
might cure their illnesses
Places of Worship: AT HOME OR AT TEMPLES
TEMPLES CONTAIN SHRINES to important gods or goddesses
Annual festival at temples to honor gods
AT HOME, WORSHIP AROUND A SHRINE TO A GOD THAT IS
IMPORTANT TO THE FAMILY
Divisions (Sects):
SHAKTISM, REFORM HINDUISM (MONOTHEISTIC),
VAISHNAVITIES, & SHAIVITES
Other Info:
MAJOR RELIGION IN INDIA
BELIEVE IN REINCARNATION
Individuals soul is born again and again until perfect
KARMA – WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND, GOOD & BAD
CASTE SYSTEM – RIGID CLASS SYSTEM THAT DICTATES JOBS AND
POSITIONS WITHIN SOCIETY
Nearly impossible to change caste.
Believe Religion is a way to free soul from illusions,
disappointments, and mistakes of life.
BUDDHISM
Founded ABOUT 530 BC
BY SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
Buddhism’s Basic Beliefs
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
1. LIFE IS FILLED WITH SUFFERING AND SORROW
2. THE CAUSE OF ALL SUFFERING IS DESIRE FOR THE THINGS OF
THIS WORLD
3. THE WAY TO END ALL SUFFERING IS END ALL DESIRES.
4. YOU CAN OVERCOME SUCH DESIRES AND ATTAIN
ENLIGHTENMENT BY FOLLOWING A GUIDE TO BEHAVIOR
CALLED THE EIGHFOLD PATH known as The Middle Way
between desire and self-denial.
FOLLOW EIGHTFOLD PATH = REACH NIRVANA (release from
selfishness and pain)
Deity: NO PERSONAL DEITY, FOLLOW BUDDHA’S TEACHINGS
Holy Book: DHAMMAPADA – “VERSES OF RIGHTEOUSNESS”
Sayings on Buddhist practices. Other sacred texts
Sacred Places:
BUDDHA’S BIRTHPLACE – LUMBINI GROVE
BUDDHA’S PLACE OF ENLIGHTENMENT – BODH GAYA
Place of Worship: HOMES OR TEMPLES
Meditate while burning candles and incense before
Buddha
Light of candles recall light of Buddha’s wisdom
Divisions (Sects):
TWO BRANCHES:
THERAVADA – Try to stay close to Buddha’s teachings.
MAHAYANA – More accepting of change
Tibetan Buddhism – Different due to remoteness of Tibet
Other Info:
Rituals:
BUDDHA APPEARS IN SHRINES THROUGHOUT ASIA
MANY BUDDHISTS MAKE OFFERINGS AT SHRINES, TEMPLES,
AND MONASTERIES
Founder SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA
BECAME KNOWN AS “ENLIGHTENED ONE”
OR BUDDHA
Searched for religious truth and end to
suffering of life
After 49 days of meditation he achieved
understand of the cause of suffering
BELIEF IN REINCARNATION: living begins, after
death are reborn and continue to exist
All living things could come back from dead
as humans