Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name BIOLOGY 406 HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, SPRING 2009 EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1) Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each) 1. Which of the following is derived from endoderm? a. digestive tract lining b. dermis of skin c. melanocytes (pigment cells) d. skeletal muscles e. None of the above. 6. Which of the following stages is where the germ layers are formed? a. blastula b. gastrula c. morula d. neurula e. zygote 2. Which of the following is derived from ectoderm? a. digestive tract lining b. dermis of skin c. melanocytes (pigment cells) d. skeletal muscles e. None of the above. 7. Which of the following is an amniote? a. lamprey b. lancelet c. lungfish d. salamander e. shark f. turtle 3. Which of the following is derived from lateral plate mesoderm? a. dermis of skin b. ganglionic nerves c. notochord d. vertebrae e. None of the above 8. Which of the following vertebrate groups includes the most species? a. Actinopterygii b. Chondrichthys c. Lissamphibia d. Mammalia e. Reptilia 4. Which of the following forms most of the vertebrae? a. dermatome b. myotome c. neural crest d. neural tube e. notochord f. sclerotome 9. Which of the following secretes the reticular lamina of an epithelium? a. apical cells of the epithelium b. basal cells of epithelium c. adipocytes of the underlying connective tissue d. fibroblasts of the underlying connective tissue e. None of the above. 5. Which of the following is the type of cells depicted below? 10. Which of the following is a place where the epithelium below would be found? a. b. c. d. e. f. cardiac muscle cells ependymal cells neurons skeletal muscle cells Schwann cells smooth muscle cells a. b. c. d. e. f. lining of the bladder lining of the stomach and intestines lining of Fallopian tubes lining of kidney tubules lining of trachea/“windpipe” surface of skin FILL-IN-THE-BLANK/LABEL.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space. (10%) 1. Label the following on the diagram below: aorta, brachiocephalic artery, inferior vena cava, left ventricle, pulmonary trunk artery, right atrium, superior vena cava. (7%) 2. Describe the structure, function, and a possible location of the epithelium depicted below. (3%) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each) 1. Basal lamina: 2. Fibroblast: 3. Homology: 4. Monotreme (Monotremata): 5. Secondary Neurulation: BIOLOGY 406 COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY, SPRING 2009 EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2) Date Name SHORT ANSWER.⎯Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. 1. Fill in the open columns of data and use the matrix to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among the organisms included below. Be certain to show the synapomorphic characteristics on the tree. Identify any homoplastic characteristics. (10%) lizard 1 0 2 1 3 0 4 0 5 6 bird 1 1 0 1 2-0 – no true scales; 2-1 – β keratin scales crocodile 1 1 0 1 3-0 – no hair; 3-1 – hair rat 0 0 1 0 4-0 – no mam. glands; 4-1 – mammary glands human 0 0 1 0 salamanderoutgroup 0 0 0 0 5-0 – non-primitive-streak gastrulation; 5-1 – primitive-streak gastrulation 6-0 – no blastocyst; 6-1 – blastocyst 1-0 – no hole in mandible, 1-1 – hole in mandible 2. Generally describe/explain the basic structure of a lancelet and a lamprey larva. (This would be most easily accomplished via labeled sketches). Then explain the significant differences between them. (12%) 3. Compare the early development of a lancelet (Cephalochordata), a reptile (such as a chicken), and a human. Be certain to a. name each major stage of development and indicate what happens and b. identify any significant differences among these organisms in what occurs at each stage. (Feel free, but do not feel obliged, to use a table and/or labeled sketches for your answer.) (12%) 4. Explain how the following tissues differ from each other in terms of (a.) cells, (b.) any extracellular fibers, (c.) ground substance characteristics, and (d.) location/function. areolar connective tissue, dense regular connective tissue, bone, and blood. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a table and/or clearly labeled sketches for your answer.) (16%)