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Download Reflexive and Reciprocal Actions The reflexive verb construction
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Reflexive and Reciprocal Actions The reflexive verb construction How to conjugate the reflexive verb The reflexive verb is identified in the infinitive by the presence of the reflexive pronoun “se” So infinitives will look like this: LAVARSE LAV (stem)-AR (ending) SE (reflexive pronoun) Conjugation into indicative When you conjugate a reflexive you assign the verb to each person (1st, 2nd , 3rd, singular or plural) by making a change to the ending and/or stem. Then, you assign the appropriate reflexive pronoun in front of the verb. The finished conjugation results in two words. Examples LAVARSE (one word infinitive) Me lavo Nos lavamos ACOSTARSE (o ue) Me acuesto Nos acostamos Te lavas Os laváis Te acuestas Os acostáis Se lava Se lavan *Él Se acuesta Se acuestan Two word conjugated action Reflexive verbs + Body Parts When using reflexives with body parts use the definite article with the body part. Reflexive verb + def. art. + body part Me lavo las manos. Ella se maquilla la cara. The infinitive Sometimes the reflexive verb will stay in the infinitive when used in “+ infinitive” constructions In those cases, the reflexive pronoun can also go before or after the construction and must agree with the subject of the sentence… Examples of the “+ infinitive” ir + a + infinitive Voy a lavarme las manos. Me voy a lavar las manos. Vas a lavarte las manos. Te vas a lavar las manos. Ella va a acostarse. Ella se va a acostar. Vamos a acostarnos. Nos vamos a acostar. Examples of the “+ infinitive” tener que + infinitive Tienes que ducharte. Te tienes que duchar. pensar + infinitive Pensamos cepillarnos los dientes. Nos pensamos cepillar los dientes. The GERUND When using the constructions that include the gerund (the progressives) the reflexive pronoun can go before or after the construction Me estoy lavando. (3 words) = Estoy lavándome. (2 words) Ella se está acostando. = Ella está acostándose. Just make sure the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject of the sentence. Uses of the reflexive verb True reflexive action: action done and received by the same person. Subject = Object Example verbs include: lavarse vestirse afeitarse to wash oneself to dress oneself to shave oneself Actions in the daily routine (ex. grooming) Can be acted out. Active outward actions. Uses of the reflexive verb Pseudo-reflexive action: express a change of emotion (to get… or to become…) Mark an internal process. (not apparent) Example verbs are: aburrirse- to get bored (process) estoy aburrido/a (state) alegrarse- to become happy (process) estoy *alegre cansarse- to get tired (process) estoy cansado/a dormirse- to fall asleep enojarse- to become angry (process) estoy enojado/a olvidarse –to forget enfermarse – to get sick (process) estoy enfermo/a equivocarse- to make a mistake (process) estoy equivocado/a Uses of the pseudo-reflexive verb, con’t. You can also use some verbs with an adjective to describe changes in mood/disposition: PONERSE + adjetivo nervioso/a – Me pongo nerviosa en la clase. pálido/a - Se puso pálido por la sorpresa. rojo/a - Se está poniendo rojo por el chiste. VOLVERSE + adjetivo loco/a – Casi me volví loca estudiando para el examen. imposible – Mi novio se ha vuelto imposible. ¡No lo soporto! HACERSE + profesión ; LLEGAR a ser Rafael se hizo abogado. Y su esposa, Lola llegó a ser profesora también. Uses of the reflexive verb Reciprocal Reflexives: the same action reciprocated between two individuals or two groups. Verbs of Affection ♥ Actions will be done to… …themselves or each other 3rd person plural (ellos or ellas) …ourselves 1st person plural (nosotros) BESARSE, ABRAZARSE, DARSE la mano) Reciprocal Reflexives QUERERSE Will & Kate se quieren mucho. VERSE Ellos se ven (el uno al otro) cada dos semanas. REUNIRSE ¿Cuándo vamos a reunirnos para estudiar?