Download B 262, F 2002 - K

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BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2002 - KEY
EXAMINATION #3 (PART 1)
Date
MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each)
1. Which of the following is FALSE about
science?
a. It is a philosophy.
b. It is a way to know objective reality
exactly.
c. It requires an assumption of order in the
universe.
d. It requires empirical evidence.
e. None of the above. (All are true.)
2. Which of the following is TRUE about a
member of Phylum Pterophyta?
a. It produces flowers.
b. It produces pollen in cones.
c. It produces seeds in fruit.
d. It produces spores in sori.
e. None of the above. (All are false.)
3. You put a nail 2 m above the ground in a tree
that grows 1.5 m taller per year. How high is
the nail after 4 years?
a. 2 m (meters)
b. 4 m (meters)
c. 6 m (meters)
d. 8 m (meters)
e. None of the above
4. A bacterium that obtains its energy from light
and its carbon from complex carbon
molecules is a….
a. chemoautotroph.
b. chemoheterotroph.
c. photoautotroph.
d. photoheterotroph.
e. None of the above
5. Which of the following is when a bacterium
takes in DNA from the environment (not from
another bacterium)?
a. binary fission
b. conjugation
c. transcription
d. transformation
e. None of the above
6. Which of the following is TRUE about
coniferophyte gametophytes?
a. They are the dominant generation.
b. They make gametes by mitosis.
c. They make sperm by meiosis.
d. They produce the sporangia.
e. None of the above (All are false.)
7. Which of the following is the Kingdom to
which dinoflagellates belong?
a. Alveolata
b. Euglenozoa
c. Fungi
d. Stramenopila
e. None of the above
8. Your sweetheart sent you an incredible rose
with many petals. When you look closely you
notice that the inner petals have sterile anthers
attached to them. Which of the following best
explains this? [All students given credit.]
a. Anthers are derived from petals.
b. Both anthers filaments and petals are
modified leaves.
c. The anthers and petals fused.
d. The petals and sepals fused and the
anthers fused to carpels.
e. The stamens changed into carpels.
9. Which of the following is TRUE about a
member of Kingdom Fungi?
a. It engulfs food using pseudopodia.
b. It is photoautotrophic.
c. It moves using flagella.
d. It stores energy as paramylum.
e. None of the above. (All are false)
10. Which of the following diseases is spread by
the bite of infected ticks?
a. African sleeping sickness
b. Lyme disease
c. Malaria
d. Tuberculosis
e. None of the above
MATCHING.For the following exercise match the taxonomic group in the right column with the
corresponding organism in the left column. Each letter may be used more than once or not at all. (6%,
1% each)
1. Borrelia burgdorferi
C
A. Alveolata
2. Escherichia coli
C
B. Chlorophyta
3. Plasmodium vivax
A
C. Bacteria
4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
D. Euglenozoa
E
5. Streptococcus pyogenes
C
E. Fungi
6. Trypanosoma gambiense
D
F. Stramenopila
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.For the following exercises provide the appropriate word, words, or sketches in
the available space. (24%)
4. Label derived characteristic for each of the
indicated branches below. (6%)
1. Fill in the blanks below. (6%)
The three DOMAINS of life are…
Chlorophyta Coleochete
Archaea
,
Bacteria
,
and
Eukarya
Plantae
B
C
.
2. In the space below sketch and label a
“typical” bacterial cell. Be certain to label at
least four things. (8%)
flagellum
cytoplasm
cell wall
plasma
membrane
A
a.
starch or chlorophyll b
b.
cuticle or UV pigments or…
c.
gametangia or spore covering
5. Label the layers of the following structure
removed from a coniferophyte cone. (3%)
A
DNA
B
pilus
C
3. Organisms in which plant phylum do not
have stomata?
Hepatophyta (liverworts) . (1%)
a.
integuments
b.
sporangium
c.
female gametophyte
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2002
EXAMINATION #3 (PART 2)
Date
Name
DEFINITIONS.For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and
concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each).
1. Science:
The belief that phenomena have natural causes that can be revealed by
empirical evidence.
2. Endosymbiotic Theory of Eukaryotic Origins:
The idea that some organelles of eukaryotic cells are derived from
mutualistic associations among non-eukaryotic cells. (e.g., chloroplasts)
3. Fruit:
A mature ovary; carpel tissue surrounding seeds
4. Mycelium
A group of fungal hyphae.
5. Pollen:
The 2-3 celled male gametophyte of seed plants.
LONG ANSWER.Address the following question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT
exceed the space provided. (10%)
1. These questions are based upon lecture and the videos segments from the video series Evolution
shown in class.
a.) Briefly explain how drug resistance arises and becomes predominant in bacteria and viruses. (5%)
Resistance initially arises as a random mutation. (The antibiotic does not
cause the mutation.) It then becomes predominant in the population
because of the strong natural selection of the antibiotic.
b.) Briefly, identify two conditions in Russian prisons that made the evolution of multi-drug resistant
tuberculosis more likely to occur there. (2%)
[any two] crowding, poor nutrition, stress, poor ventilation, no funds for
proper treatment, patients with active TB not always isolated, treatment
interrupted by release of prisoners
c.) HIV infected people with resistant strains of the HIV virus were taken off of anti-HIV drugs for a
period of time. Later, the patients were given the same anti-HIV drugs which then reduced the now
susceptible HIV population. Why did the virus population change, becoming susceptible to anti-HIV
drugs? Provide an evolutionary explanation. (3%)
In the absence of the anti-HIV drugs, the non-resistant wild-type strain
reproduces and infects cells better. Therefore, in an environment without
drugs the wild-type strain is favored by natural selection and the resistant
strain decreases in frequency.
LONG ANSWERS (CONTINUED).For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as
possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. (20%)
1. A single Staphylococcus aureus bacterium (a Gram + bacterium) infects a small cut on Herb’s arm.
One week later Herb’s wound is very suddenly red, painful and clearly infected. His physician
identifies the bacterium as Staphylococcus aureus and prescribes penicillin. The infection continues
and worsens over the following week or two despite Herb’s taking penicillin as prescribed.
a.) Describe in one short sentence what you know about the shape, arrangement of the cells, and cell
wall structure of Staphylococcus aureus. (3%)
The bacteria are spherical (coccus), grouped into clumps (staphylo-), and
have simple cell walls with a lot of peptidoglycan (Gram +).
b.) Draw an approximate graph of the population size of Staphylococcus aureus in Herb’s cut from the
initial infection to one week. (Remember to label the axes.) Label the type of population growth.
How does this explain the suddenness of the onset of his symptoms? (4%)
Exponential growth.
The symptoms appeared rapidly because
in exponential growth, the number of
organisms very rapidly increases after
previously slower growth.
# of
bacteria
time
1 week
c.) Provide a 1-sentence-long plausible explanation for why the penicillin did not stop the
Staphylococcus aureus infection. Then in another sentence indicate if the choice of penicillin by the
physician was appropriate for this type of bacterium. (Why? Or Why not?) (3%)
The bacteria had or developed resistance to the antibiotic.
Her prescription was reasonable because penicillin inhibits most Gram
positive (+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus is Gram positive).
2. Describe the life cycle of a member of Phylum Pterophyta. Include all life cycle stages and label their
ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Which life cycle generation is considered to
be dominant. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your answer.) (10%)
Sporophyte dominant.
Spores 1n
meiosis
mitosis
Sporangium in
sorus under leaf
Sporophyte
2n
mitosis of zygote
crushes female gametophyte
Zygote 2n
(still in archegonium
on female
gametophyte)
Female
Gametophyte
1n
Male
Gametophyte
1n
archegonium
fertilization
Sperm
1n
antheridium
mitosis