Download What are the structures of the skeletal system?

1.02 REMEMBER THE
STRUCTURES OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
1.02 REMEMBER THE
STRUCTURES OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
What do you know?
1.02 Remember the structures
of the skeletal system
Essential Standards:
• What is the process of bone formation?
• What are the structures of the long
bones?
• What are the structures of the skeletal
system?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
3
BONE FORMATION
Identify the osteocytes.
Osteo = bone
Cyte = cell
Microscopic mature bone cells
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BONE FORMATION
• OSSIFICATION – NEW MINERALS DEPOSIT TO FORM BONE
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BONE FORMATION
• OSSIFICATION –
• MINERALS REPLACE PREVIOUSLY FORMED CARTILAGE.
• INFANTS BONES ARE SOFT AND PLIABLE BECAUSE OF
INCOMPLETE OSSIFICATION.
• AS BONES OSSIFY, THEY BECOME HARD.
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BONE FORMATION
• LONG BONES GROW IN LENGTH AND OSSIFY FROM
THE CENTER TO THE ENDS.
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BONE FORMATION
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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BONE FORMATION
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TYPES OF BONES
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TYPES OF BONES
Long bones
• Found in the arms
and legs
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TYPES OF BONES
Flat bones
• Bones of the skull
• Ribs-1st seven pairs
are considered “true
ribs.”
“Floating
ribs” attach to the
thoracic
vertebrae.
(see
next slide)
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RIBS…
The ribs are flat, thin bones that, together with the sternum,
make up the ribcage. The ribs provide protection for vital organs
in the upper body, including the heart and lungs. The ribs also
help to protect major vessels in the upper body. There are
twelve pairs of ribs, accounting for 24 total rib bones. The ribs
are divided into the following three categories: true ribs, false
ribs, and floating ribs. The primary differences are size, and how
they connect to the front of the skeleton.
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TRUE RIBS…
True Ribs
The first seven pairs of rib bones
(beginning at the top of the sternum)
are called "true ribs." They connect to
the spine (by ligaments) at the back,
and connect to the sternum by costal
cartilage in the front. Costal cartilage
is elastic and allows the ribcage to
expand during respiration.
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FALSE RIBS…
False Ribs
The next three pairs of rib bones (8, 9 and 10) are
called "false ribs." Like the true ribs, false ribs are
connected to the spine at the back. The primary
difference in true ribs and false ribs comes in where
the false ribs connect at the front. Instead of
connecting to the sternum, false ribs (which are also
slightly shorter than true ribs) actually connect to the
lowest true ribs
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FLOATING RIBS…
Floating Ribs
The last two pairs of ribs (11 and 12) are the smallest
of all of the rib bones, and are called "floating ribs."
They get the name "floating rib" because they are
connected to the spine at the back, but are not
connected to anything at the front, thus appearing to
"float."
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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TYPES OF BONES
Irregular bones
• Spinal column
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TYPES OF BONES
Short bones
• Wrist
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STRUCTURES OF LONG BONES
Shaft or diaphysishollow cylinder of hard,
compact bone.
Medullary cavity-center
of diaphysis-yellow
bone marrow, mostly fat
cells (contains blood
vessels). Endosteumlining of marrow canal.
Red marrow-produces
red blood cells,
platelets, and some
white blood cells.
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1.02 Remember the structures of
the skeletal system
STRUCTURE OF THE LONG BONES
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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AXIAL SKELETON
The axial
skeleton is
blue and
includes skull,
vertebral
column,
sternum, ribs,
and hyoid
bone.
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AXIAL SKELETON
• SKULL
FRONTAL
VIEW
• IDENTIFY THE
STRUCTURES
OF THE
FRONTAL
VIEW OF THE
SKULL.
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AXIAL SKELETON
• SKULL
LATERAL
VIEW
• IDENTIFY THE
STRUCTURES
OF THE
LATERAL
VIEW OF THE
SKULL.
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AXIAL SKELETON



Skull
superior view
Fontanels-”soft spots”allow for enlargement
of the skull as brain
growth occurs
Sutures-areas where
cranial bones have
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joined together
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AXIAL SKELETON

Skull
lateral
view
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AXIAL SKELTON
• HYOID BONE
• (U-SHAPED
FOUND IN THE
NECK)
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AXIAL SKELETON
• SPINAL
COLUMN
Vertebral Structure
• IDENTIFY THE
STRUCTURES
OF THE
SPINAL
VERTEBRA.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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AXIAL SKELETON
• SPINAL
COLUMN
• IDENTIFY
THE
VERTEBRAE
IN THE
SPINAL
COLUMN.
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AXIAL SKELETON
• SPINAL COLUMN
• LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
ARE LOCATED AT
THE WAIST
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON
The
appendicular
skeleton is
beige and
includes
shoulder
girdles, arms,
wrists, hands,
pelvic girdle,
legs, ankles,
Remember the structures of the skeletal system
and1.02feet.
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• SHOULDER
GIRDLE
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• SHOULDER
GIRDLE
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• PELVIC GIRDLE
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1.02 Remember the structures of
the skeletal system
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• PELVIS
• IDENTIFY THE
STRUCTURES
OF THE
PELVIS.
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• PELVIC GIRDLE
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• PELVIC GIRDLE
• COMPARE THE
MALE AND
FEMALE
PELVIS. WHY
ARE THEY
DIFFERENT?
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Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.
JOINTS: 2 OR MORE BONES JOIN TOGETHER
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1.02 Remember the structures of
the skeletal system
JOINTS
• DIARTHROSES = MOVEABLE JOINTS
• FOUR TYPES
• BALL AND SOCKET
• HINGE
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• PIVOT
• GLIDING
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JOINTS
• BALL AND SOCKET
• ONE BONE HAS A BALL AT ONE END
• THE OTHER HAS A CONCAVE SOCKET
• ALLOWS FOR THE GREATEST RANGE OF
MOTION
• EX: SHOULDER
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JOINTS:
DIARTHROSES (MOVEABLE JOINTS)
• EXAMPLE OF A
BALL AND
SOCKET JOINT.
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JOINTS
HINGE JOINT
• MOVE IN ONE DIRECTION
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JOINTS:
DIARTHROSES
• EXAMPLE OF
A HINGE
JOINT.
• EX. ELBOW,
KNEE
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JOINTS
PIVOT JOINTS
• BONES THAT ROTATE ACROSS EACH
OTHER
• TO SEE HOW A PIVOT JOINT
FUNCTIONS, JUST TURN YOUR HEAD
FROM SIDE TO SIDE! IN YOUR NECK,
THERE'S A PIVOT JOINT BETWEEN
YOUR SKULL AND THE TOP VERTEBRAE
THAT ALLOWS YOUR HEAD TO TURN.
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the skeletal system
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JOINTS
GLIDING JOINT
• BONES WITH FLAT SURFACES THAT
SLIDE ACROSS EACH OTHER
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JOINTS
• EXAMPLE OF
GLIDING
JOINT
• WRIST AKA
“CARPALS”
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JOINTS…
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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JOINTS
• AMPHIARTHROSES
• PARTIALLY MOVABLE JOINTS
• A JOINT IN WHICH THE SURFAC
ES ARE CONNECTED BY DISKS
OF FIBROCARTILAGE, AS BET
WEEN
VERTEBRAE.
1.02
Remember
the structures of the skeletal system
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JOINTS
• SYNARTHROSES
• IMMOVABLE JOINTS
• AN IMMOVABLY FIXED
JOINT BETWEEN BONES
CONNECTED BY FIBROUS
TISSUE (FOR EXAMPLE, THE
SUTURES OF THE SKULL).
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BURSA AND
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

Bursa


A closed, fluid-filled
sac that functions as a
gliding surface to
reduce friction
between tissues of the
body.
Lined by synovial
membrane
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Bursa and
Synovial Membrane

Synovial membrane
A layer of connective
tissue that lines the
cavities of joints, tendon
sheaths, and bursa
(fluid-filled sacs between
tendons and bones). The
synovial membrane
makes synovial fluid,
a lubricating
1.02which
Rememberhas
the structures
of the skeletal system
function.
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1.02 Remember the structures of
the skeletal system
Essential Standards:
• What is the process of bone formation?
• What are the structures of the long bones?
• What are the structures of the skeletal
system?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
51
1.02 REMEMBER THE STRUCTURES
OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE END
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1.02 Remember the structures of
the skeletal system