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JUDAISM The religion of the Jewish people 13 million Jews in the world today 6 million of which live in the U.S. Founding: Abraham Abraham -founding father and all Jews are descendents of him 4,000 years ago Believed in only one God - those around him worshiped many God told him to leave his home and move to Canaan God's promise- he would be the father of a great nation (the Jewish people) Important Beliefs Monotheism- believe in one God Covenant- an agreement God made a covenant with Abrahampromised to give him many descendants who would be the chosen people Shalom-an important prayer “Hear O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord alone. You shall love the Lord, your God, with all your heart, and with all your soul and with all your might.” Ark of the Covenant- stone tables containing the 10 Commandments and Israelite objects 10 Commandments -rules given to Moses by God Torah (Tanakh)- three parts Torah- first five books of the bible: creation of the world Nevi’im- writings of the prophetsland of Israel. Ketuvim- writings of the people of Israel Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. Jewish teaching and Laws: the Oral Torah Written in: Mishnah- “to repeat, to study,” Shabbat and other festivals marriage, divorce, sacrafice Talmud- collection of ideas to teach how to live, also how laws applied to new problems. Where worship takes place Synagogue- meeting place The Western Wall- great temple in Jerusalem Ark of the Covenant Jerusalem- symbolic center for Jews Important people Rabbi- a leader of the Jews Abraham- Father of the religion Prophets- people chosen by God to speak on his behalf Moses- 10 Commandments, led the Jews out of slavery in egypt Messiah- a king sent from God at the end of time. Yarmulke Symbol of the connection with God Pride in being a Jew Symbol similar to a wedding ring Kosher laws about food “kosher” = clear, pure, and fit Animal kosher - cloven hooves and digests its food through four stomachs ex. Cows, sheep, goats, and deer Fish kosher if they have fins and scales Birds that are not prey birds are kosher Fruits and veggies are kosher Eggs and milk kosher if from kosher animal Becoming a Jew Traditionally- either born of a Jewish mother or converted Most are accepting of converts Liberal sects- children born from either a Jewish mother or father to be Jewish as long as the child is raised with a Jewish identity. Shabbat (Sabbath) Sundown on Friday until sundown on Saturday Remember that God rested on the 7th day after creating the world No work Relax with family Bar Mitzvah Means “son of the commandment” Boy is recognized as a member of the Jewish community Promises to follow the Torah’s laws Yom Kippur “The Day of Atonement” Come to peace with God, ask for forgiveness and realize what they need to change Holiest day of the year Hanukkah “the festival of lights” Last for eight days Reminder of the miracle that happened over 2,000 years ago. Only enough oil for one day lasted for eight days Passover Remember how God led the Jews out of slavery in Egypt to the promise land