Download B 262, S 2009

BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009
FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 1)
Date
Name
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each)
6. In a population at Hardy-Weinberg
1. Which of the following is NOT an
equilibrium, if the frequency of AA is
assumption of scientific philosophy?
0.36, then what is the frequency of aa?
a. Only experimental observations can
a. 0.16
prove hypotheses to be True.
b. 0.36
b. Sense experience consistently but
c. 0.48
not absolutely reflects reality.
d. 0.84
c. The universe is ordered.
e. None of the above
d. None of the above. (All are assumptions)
7. If a population of 10000 is undergoing
2. Which of the following is an
echinoderm?
a. dog
b. earthworm
c. jellyfish / seajelly
d. tapeworm
e. starfish / seastar
3. Which of the following increases genetic
variation?
a. artificial selection
b. genetic drift
c. mutation
d. natural selection
e. None of the above (all decrease variation)
The samples below measured the species
richness of grasses in m2 areas that are not
fertilized and areas that are fertilized. The
hypothesis is that fertilizing will increase grass
species richness.
Table. Grass species richness per m2 quadrat samples. Pvalue for comparison of samples from the areas = 0.03
Unfert. area
Fertilized area
4
2
3
3
5
3
2
2
4
1
3
2
4. For the study above which of the
following is the treatment?
↑
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Fertilizing.
Quadrat sampling.
Repeating the sampling.
The grasses.
None of the above.
5. The hypothesis is…
↑
a. rejected.
b. supported.
c. (this cannot be determined with these data)
logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of
increase of 0.50, and a carrying capacity of
100000 then what is the size of the population
after 2 years? (round ≥0.5 up and <0.5 down if needed)
a. 19900
b. 20000
c. 21540
d. 22580
e. None of the above.
8. Which of the following theoretically
should have the lowest species richness?
a. large long island far from continent
b. large long island near continent
c. small long island far from continent
d. small long island near continent
e. large round island far from continent
f. large round island near continent
g. small round island far from continent
h. small round island near continent
9. The lining of the digestive tract
develops from which type of tissue?
a. ectoderm
b. endoderm
c. mesoderm
d. pachyderm
10. Which of the following is a correct
species name (for the guppy)?
a. Poecilia
b. Poecilia reticulata
c. Poecilia Reticulata
d. Poecilia reticulata
e. reticulata
f. reticulata
g. None of the above
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the
available space. (5%)
1. The animal depicted below is a member
2. In the space below provide the overall
of which Phylum? (1%)
chemical equation for photosynthesis
AND explain the overall “point” of the
process for an organism that undergoes
photosynthesis. (3%)
Where does photosynthesis occur in a
eukaryotic cell. (1%)
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases, define them as accurately
and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each)
1. connective tissue:
2. cnidocyte:
3. homeostasis:
4. natural selection:
5. science:
BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009
FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 2)
Date
Name
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and
lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided.
1. Fill in the data in the table (the outgroup, Cnidaria, has been completed for you), then use the data in
the table to construct a phylogenetic tree of the phyla in the left column. Show the derived
traits/synapomorphies on your phylogenetic tree. (6%)
Diploblastic or
Triploblastic
Radial or spiral
cleavage?
Trochophore
larva?
Chordata
radial cleavage
t. larva absent
Molluska
spiral cleavage
t. larva PRESENT
Annelida
spiral cleavage
t. larva PRESENT
Arthropoda
spiral cleavage
t. larva absent
Nematoda
spiral cleavage
t. larva absent
radial cleavage
t. larva absent
Cnidaria
OG
diploblastic
Molting present
or absent?
molting absent
Mesoderm pres.
or absent?
mesoderm absent
2. Generally outline basic animal development in a vertebrate from fertilization to the formation
of the nervous system. Be certain to identify each stage and indicate what is happening at
each stage. (6%) Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled sketches in your answer.
3. In this class, students read a large portion of the book The Evolution Explosion.
(a.) Briefly (1-2 sentences) explain what the primary over-all point of the book is. What is the
point that the author is trying to make with all of his examples? (2%)
(b.) Briefly (1-2 sentences) explain how Dr. Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, as
described in the Evolution Explosion. (2%)
(c.) Briefly (1-2 sentences) explain how and why resistance to penicillin arose so quickly in disease
causing bacteria. Provide at least two reasons. (2%)
4. Explain what the terms coelomate, acoelomate, and pseudocoelomate mean? Provide an
example of an organism that could be described as each of these. Feel free but do not feel
obliged to use labeled sketches for your answer. (5%)
5. Identify ONE characteristic unique to all animals in phylum Chordata. Then indicate what the
structure is in you (a human) and a lancelet (a cephalochordate). (2%)
Name
BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009
FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 3)
Date
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each)
1. Which of the following best describes the
community ecology relationship of a
largemouth bass eating a small young
largemouth bass?
a. Interspecific amensalism
b. Intraspecific amensalism
c. Interspecific commensalism
d. Intraspecific commensalism
e. Interspecific grazing
f. Intraspecific grazing
g. Interspecific predation
h. Intraspecific predation
i. None of the above
2. Is a population with the following
genotypes at Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, 180BB 840Bb 980bb ?
a. No
b. Yes
c. Cannot be determined with the
information provided.
3. Which of the following describes a
bacterium that causes severe disease solely
because of the reproduction of the
bacterium?
a. highly antibiotic
b. highly invasive
c. highly toxigenic
d. highly xerophytic
e. None of the above
4. Organisms with which of the following
characteristics could support the greatest
amount of harvest of individuals.
a. Early maturing, rapidly reproducing
b. Early maturing, slowly reproducing
c. Late maturing, rapidly reproducing
d. Late maturing, slowly reproducing
5. Which of the following most limits
terrestrial primary production?
a. light and nutrients
b. light and temperature
c. temperature and nutrients
d. temperature and water
The samples below measured the population density
of alfalfa per m2 in irrigated and unirrigated areas.
The areas are NOT paired. The hypothesis is that
alfalfa density will be greater in irrigated areas.
Table. Alfalfa density per m2 quadrat. P-value for
comparison between the two areas = 0.78
10 8
5
6 14 12
Irrigated
7 13 9
6 10 7
6. For these data and this hypothesis what
type of graph would be most
appropriate?↑
Non-irrigated
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Bar graph of means
Bar graph of samples
Histogram
Line Graph
Scatter Plot
7. The hypothesis is…
↑
a. rejected.
b. supported.
c. This cannot be determined with these data.
8. Which of the following model organisms
is the pink mold?
a. Caenorhabditis elegans
b. Drosophila melanogaster
c. Escherichia coli
d. Neurospora crassa
e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
f None of the above
9. Which of the following model organisms
is the zebrafish?
a. Arabidopsis thaliana
b. Danio rerio
c. Gallus gallus
d. Mus musculus
e. Xenopus laevis
f None of the above
10. Death of small and large sparrows
during storms as described in The
Evolution Explosion is an example of…
a. artificial selection.
b. directional selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. sexual selection.
e. stabilizing selection.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the
available space. (5%)
1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table
3. For the following long unbranched molecule
below for a cohort of fish. (1.5%)
identify the name AND the group of
organisms in which it is found. (1%)
SurvivorAge
Number
Mortality
ship
0
10,000
1
900
2
450
name =
2. Graph survivorship ↑ appropriately in
the space provided below. (Be sure to select the
graph type and to label the graph appropriately.)
group =
4. The plant depicted below is a member of
which Phylum? (1%)
(1.5%)
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately
and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each)
1. epithelial tissue:
2. genetic drift:
3. intermediate disturbance hypothesis:
4. keystone species:
5. pollen:
Name
BIOLOGY 262, SUMMER 2009
FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 4)
Date
LONG ANSWERS.⎯ For the following answers, address each question in as concise and lucid a
manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided.
1. Describe/explain the life cycle of a member of Phylum Bryophyta. Include all life cycle stages,
relevant unique structures, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur.
(7%) Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant. (1%)
(Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your answer.)
2. Generally explain the carbon cycle. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your
answer.) (6%)
Generally explain how the carbon cycle is related to global climate change (global
warming). (1%)
4. A researcher examined effects of wave movement on species richness of organisms (algae and
small invertebrate animals) living on boulders along beaches in California. In this study
small boulders moved often, large ones seldom; when boulders rolled over attached
individuals of all species become damaged or dislodged, scraping an area of the boulder
clean of organisms. Measurement of species diversity in standard-sized areas, on various
sized boulders was undertaken. The hypothesis in this study is: large boulders will have the
highest species richness. (These data were taken from the following study, Sousa, W. 1979. Ecological
Monographs 49: 227-254.)
year of survey of
species richness
mean species richness,
small boulders
mean species richness,
medium-sized boulders
mean species richness,
large boulders
1975
1976
1977
1.7
1.9
1.4
3.3
4.3
3.6
2.5
3.5
3.2
a. Create an appropriately labeled graph that best depicts the data to address the hypothesis (6%).
b. Was the hypothesis supported or rejected and why? (You will not use P-values in this case to
make this determination.) (2%)
c. Explain what larger and generalizable hypothesis covered in this class is addressed by the
above study and in what way the above study is consistent or inconsistent with the larger
hypothesis. (2%)