Download B 262, F 2008

Name
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008
IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 1)
Date
MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the
response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (20%, 2% each)
The samples below measured the density of
1. Which of the following is an assumption
dandelion plant per m2 in areas that are not
of science (scientific philosophy)?
fertilized and areas that are fertilized. The
a. Different events cannot have the same
hypothesis is that fertilizing will increase
general predictable cause.
dandilion density.
b. Hypotheses are proven absoultely True.
Table. Density per m2 quadrat samples of dandilion
c. Sense experience consistently and
(Taraxacum officinale). P-value for comparison between
accurately represents reality.
the samples from the two areas = 0.48
d. The universe is completely disordered.
Unfert. area
0
5
5
0
2
4
e. None of the above. (None are assumptions)
2. Which of the following most limits
aquatic primary production?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Light intensity and nutrients.
Light intensity and precipitation.
Light intensity and temperature.
Nutrients and temperature.
Precipitation and temperature
3. Which of the following describes the
interaction of a dung beetle with cattle
(which make dung)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Interspecific amensalism.
Interspecific commensalism.
Interspecific predation.
Intrapecific amensalism.
Intrapecific commensalism.
Intraspecific predation.
4. Which of the following ponds (small body
of water) should have the greatest species
richness?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Large, far from lake, high nutrients
Large, far from lake, moderate nutrients
Large, far from lake, low nutrients
Large, near lake, high nutrients
Large, near lake, moderate nutrients
Large, near lake, low nutrients
Small, far from lake, high nutrients
Small, far from lake, moderate nutrients
Small, far from lake, low nutrients
Small, near lake, high nutrients
Small, near lake, moderate nutrients
Small, near lake, low nutrients
5. Organisms with which of the following
characteristics could NOT support much
harvest of individuals.
a. Early maturing, rapidly reproducing
b. Early maturing, slowly reproducing
c. Late maturing, rapidly reproducing
d. Late maturing, slowly reproducing
Fertilized area
5
4
0
5
10
0
6. For the study above which of the following is
the treatment?
↑
a. Fertilizing.
b. Quadrat sampling.
c. Repeating the sampling.
d. The dandilions.
e. None of the above.
7. The hypothesis is…
↑
a. rejected.
b. supported.
c. (this cannot be determined with these data)
8. Which of the following is where a logistically
growing population would have the highest
ΔN/Δt?
a. At ½ K.
b. At 2 times K.
c. At K.
d. At ½ rmax.
e. At 2 times rmax.
f. At rmax.
9. If a population of 2000 is undergoing
exponential growth with a yearly intrinsic
rate of increase of 0.20, then what is the size
of the population after 2 years?
a. 400
b. 440
c. 2400
d. 2880
e. None of the above
10. If a pop. of 2000 is undergoing logistic
growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase
of 0.20 and a carrying capacity of 4000, then
what is the size of the pop. after 2 years?
a. 198
b. 880
c. 2398
d. 2400
e. 2800
SHORT RESPONSE.⎯For the following write the appropriate number(s), word(s), sketch(es), bars, dots,
and/or line(s) in the indicated spaces.(10%)
1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table
below for a cohort of lizards. (4%)
Survivor- Mortality
Age
Number
ship
0
2000
1
200
2
50
3
40
3. Briefly (1 sentence) explain what 1. and 2. at
left (←) allow you to reasonably but
tentatively conclude about the life history of
these lizards? (2%)
4. Briefly explain (1 sentence) what the
following age-distribution graph for this
lizard population allow you to reasonably
but tentatively conclude about the
demographics of these lizards? (2%)
2. Graph survivorship ↑ appropriately in the
space provided below. (Be sure to select the
graph type and to label the graph appropriately.)
350
300
Number
250
200
150
100
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Age
Age distribution of lizard population.
(2%)
DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately
and concisely as possible. (20%, 4% each)
1. Ecological Succession:
2. Edge Effect:
3. Plant Secondary Compounds:
4. Population:
5. Predator:
Name
BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2008
IN-CLASS EXAMINATION #1 (PART 2)
Date
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯ Address each in as concisely and lucidly. (50%)
1. A population of 2000 minke whales (Balaenoptera acutirostra) is growing logistically has a
yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.05. The carrying capacity is 20,000. (a.) What is the size
of this population after one year? After two years? Show your calculations. (8%)
Japanese and Norwegian whaling fleets plan to harvest (kill and remove) about 100 whales
per year from this population to support their whaling industry. Based on your calculations
explain what the general and numerical result of this level of harvest will be on this
population? (2%)
2. Provide the chemical formula for the overall process of photosynthesis and label the chemical
symbols with the name of each molecule. (8%)
Briefly (1 sentence), what is the point of the process of photosynthesis (what does it do for
the organisms that can undergo photosynthesis)? (2%)
3. Explain the carbon cycle. Be certain to include important forms of carbon and im[portent
processes. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a labeled diagram for your answer.) (6%)
Generally explain how the carbon cycle relates to concerns about global climate change.
(2%)
4. Researchers∗ examined the effect of presence of yelloweye damselfishes (Stegastes fasciolatus) on
species richness of algae living on dead coral rock in Hawaii. These damselfishes graze on algae and
are territorial, chasing other fishes away from their territories and the patches of algae in their
territories. Many other reef fishes graze intensively on algae outside of damselfish territories.
* In their first study the researchers explored the existing algal communities inside and outside of
damselfish territories.
The hypothesis in this study was: Algal species richness will be greater outside of Stegastes
fasciolatus territories than inside them. Given the information below, was the hypothesis
supported, rejected, or unable to be addressed? Explain your answer in a sentence below. (3%)
Table 1. Quadrat sample data for algal species
richness in relationship to damselfish territories.
Outside Territories
Inside Territories
10
14
18
12
20
23
25
19
24
15
P = 0.041
* In their second study the researchers explored the effect of damselfish territories and grazing on
algal diversity by placing cages inside damselfish territories to exclude algal grazing by any fishes.
This provided 3 conditions that could be compared, damselfish territories (damselfish grazing only),
outside damselfish territories (more frequent grazing by many species), and cages within damselfish
territories (no grazing).
The hypothesis in this study was: Stegastes fasciolatus increases algal species richness
because it provides an intermediate amount of grazing.
Given the hypothesis and the data, (a.) graph the data appropriately (4%),
Table 2. Quadrat sample data for algal species richness in relationship (b.) indicate of the hypothesis was
to damselfish territories and cages. P-values for comparisons between supported, rejected, or unable to be
columns appear beneath the two columns compared.
addressed, explaining why (3%),
Outside Territories
Inside Territories
Caged in Territories and (c.) use your understanding of
ecological processes to provide a brief
10
23
4
reasonable ecological explanation for the
14
25
1
caged quadrat results. (2%)
18
19
2
12
24
1
20
15
3
P = 0.041
P < 0.001
∗
The general results were taken from the following study, Hixon, M. & Brostoff, W. 1983. Science 220: 511-513. Specific data
were constructed for this exam as was the “first study”.