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BIOLOGY 262 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY: ORGANISMIC, FALL 2010 - FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 1)
MULTIPLE CHOICE.For the following multiple choice questions fill in the Scan-Tron sheet
with the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (1.5% each)
1. Which of the following IS an assumption
Determine the status of the hypothesis that
of scientific philosophy?
plant species richness will be greater in
a. Different events must be caused
shade using the following data.
uniquely.
b. Hypotheses can be proven True.
c. Sense experience represents reality with
some reasonable consistency.
d. The universe is chaotic (unordered).
e. None of the above. (None are assumptions of
scientific philosophy)
The samples below measured the number of
methicillin resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) cells
per μl derived from a standard broth culture.
One culture was exposed to the drug Bacteri-BGon®, a second was not, and a third was exposed
the cells to vancomysin a drug known to kill
MRSA. The hypothesis is that exposure to
Bacteri-B-Gon® (BBG) exposure will kill
cells.
Table. Cell density per μl of E. coli after 10
minutes exposure to Bacteri-B-Gon® and
unexposed culture.
Two-tailed unpaired T-test P-value comparing
unexposed and Bacteri-B-Gone samples =
0.044
Not exposed
110
99
111
108
100
95
Exposed to
Bacteri-B-Gon
Exposed to
Vancomysin
102
110
130
112
114
121
0
0
1
0
0
0
2. Why did the researchers include the
culture exposed to vancomysin when they
were studying a different drug? 
a. to be certain that MRSA is not a fungus
b. to be sure their experimental procedure
was working properly
c. to directly test their drug of interest
d. to form the basis for comparison with
the treatment group
e. To obtain the opinion of the public
about their product
3. The hypothesis is…
Table. Plant species richness per m2 randomly
sampled quadrats in Denver, CO.
Two-tailed unpaired T-test P-value comparing
shady-area and sunny-area samples = 0.35
Shady Area
8
10
12
2
9
3
Sunny Area
5
8
3
10
2
4
4. The hypothesis is…

a. rejected, data inconsistent with hypoth. and
P-value shows lack of significance.
b. rejected, data consistent but P-value shows
lack of significance.
c. rejected, data inconsistent with hypoth. and
P-value further supports the inconsistency.
d. supported, P-value and data consistent with
hypothesis.
e. unable to be addressed with these data.
5. Nitrogen atoms tend to form how many
bonds?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
6. The depicted molecule  is which of the
following?
a. cellulose
b. chitin
c. glucose
d. glycogen
e. starch
7. The depicted molecule is which of the
following?

a. rejected, data inconsistent with hypoth. and
P-value shows lack of significance.
b. rejected, data consistent but P-value shows
lack of significance.
c. rejected, data inconsistent with hypoth. and
P-value further supports the inconsistency.
d. supported, P-value and data consistent with
hypothesis.
e. unable to be addressed with these data.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cellulose
chitin
glucose
glycogen
starch
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8. Which of the following substances makes
up the major part of Gram positive
bacterial cell walls?
a. cellulose
b. chitin
c. collagen
d. glycogen
e. peptidoglycan
9. Which of the following describes a
bacterium that causes severe disease solely
because of the reproduction of the
bacterium?
a. highly antibiotic
b. highly invasive
c. highly toxigenic
d. highly xerophytic
e. None of the above
10. Where does translation occur in a cell?
a. capsule
b. cell wall
c. DNA
d. plasma membrane
e. ribosome
11. Where does transcription occur in a
eukaryotic cell?
a. cytosol
b. Golgi apparatus
c. nucleus
d. plasma membrane
e. ribosome
12. Where does glycolysis (only) occur in a
eukaryotic cell?
a. cytosol
b. Golgi apparatus
c. mitochondrion
d. nucleus
e. plasma membrane
13. What type of tissue is depicted below?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cardiac muscle
fibrous connective tissue
loose connective tissue
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
14. Which of the following best describes
this tissue ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
simple columnar
simple cuboidal
simple squamous
stratified columnar
stratified cuboidal
15. Which of the following best describes
the shape these cells ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
staphylobacillus
staphylococcus
staphylospirillum
streptobacillus
streptococcus
16. Which of the following most limits
aquatic primary production?
a. light and nutrients
b. light and temperature
c. light and water availability
d. temperature and nutrients
e. temperature and water availability
17. Which of the following best describes
the community ecology relationship of a
you stepping on and killing an ant
without noticing?
a. Interspecific amensalism
b. Intraspecific amensalism
c. Interspecific commensalism
d. Intraspecific commensalism
e. Interspecific predation
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18. A population of 10,000 sparrows is
undergoing logistic population growth
with an intrinsic rate of increase of 0.20
and a carrying capacity of 100,000. What
is the population size after 2 years?
a. 12,082
b. 12,164
c. 13,600
d. 13,882
e. 14,400
19. For a population of 200 monkeys AT
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with 32
individuals with the AA genotype, how
many individuals are Aa?
a.
4
b.
6
c. 36
d. 67
e. 96
20. Given the following genotypes in a
population: 200 AA, 400 Aa, 400 aa. Is
this population evolving with respect to
the “A” gene?
a. No
b. Yes
c. Cannot determine with the info. given.
21. Based on your calculations and
conclusions above in 20 ↑, which of the
following is the best (most likely)
evolutionary explanation for what you
observe?
a. Inbreeding is occurring.
b. Outbreeding is occurring.
c. Strong directional natural selection is
occurring with respect to the “A”
gene.
d. Strong stabilizing natural selection is
occurring with respect to the “A”
gene.
e. The organisms mate randomly and
there is no natural selection with
respect to the “A” gene.
22. Which of the following processes is the
ultimate source of evolutionary
variation (increases variation)?
a. gene flow
b. genetic drift
c. mutation
d. natural selection
e. non-random mating
23. Which of the following is TRUE about
pterophyte gametophytes?
a. They are the dominant generation.
b. They make gametes by meiosis.
c. They make spores by mitosis.
d. They undergo photosynthesis.
e. None of the above (All are false.)
24. Which of the following is TRUE about
pollen grains?
a. They are plant sperm.
b. They are small haploid plants.
c. They are the gametophyte stage of
bryophytes.
d. They make gametes by meiosis.
e. None of the above (All are false.)
25. Which of the following is TRUE about
true moss sporophytes?
a. They are the dominant generation.
b. They crush the female gametophytes
as they develop.
c. They make gametes by meiosis.
d. Their spores grow to become
sporophytes.
e. None of the above (All are false.)
26. The decorated organism shown below 
is a member of which of the following
phyla?
a. Anthophyta
b. Bryophyta
c. Chlorophyta
d. Coniferophyta
e. Pterophyta
27. The organism shown below  is a
member of which of the following phyla?
a. Annelida
b. Arthropoda
c. Echinodermata
d. Nematoda
e. Platyhelminthes
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28. The organism shown below  is which
model organism?
a. Arabidospsis thaliana
b. Caenorhabditis elegans
c. Gallus gallus
d. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
e. Xenopus laevis
29. The organism shown below  is which
model organism?
a. Caenorhabditis elegans
b. Drosophila melanogaster
c. Mus musculus
d. Neurospora crassa
e. Xenopus laevis
30. Which of the following is TRUE about
someone with Type 2 Diabetes?
a. The person cannot produce
glucagon.
b. The person cannot produce insulin.
c. The person’s liver overreacts and
stores too much sugar.
d. The person’s pancreas is stuck in a
positive feedback situation.
e. None of the above (All are false.)
31. Which of the following is the taxonomic
rank between Phylum & Order?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Class
Family
Genus
Phylum
Species
32. Which of the following ponds should
theoretically have the highest BIOMASS?
a. High nutrients
b. Moderate nutrients
c. Low nutrients
d. No nutrients at all.
33. Which of the following forests should
theoretically have the highest species
richness?
a. Experiences fires 2 times every year
that burn the entire forest.
b. Experiences fires 2 times every year
that burn 50% of the forest.
c. Experiences fires once every 4 or 5
years that burn the entire forest.
d. Experiences fires once every 4 or 5
years that burn 50% of the forest.
e. Never experiences fires.
34. As described in The Evolution Explosion
human fisheries (fishing) have caused
individuals in many fish populations to be
genetically smaller because…
a. The small population sizes cause
genetic drift.
b. Fisheries are strong directional
natural selection for size.
c. Fisheries are strong disruptive
natural selection for size.
d. Fisheries cause inbreeding.
e. Fisheries cause founder events.
Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua
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BIOLOGY 262 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY: ORGANISMIC, FALL 2010-FINAL EXAM (PART 2)-WRITTEN
Name:
Date
DEFINITIONS.Define each biological/scientific word below in as concise and clear a manner as
possible. (10%, 2% each)
1. Coelomate:
2. Connective tissue:
3. Ecological succession:
4. Natural selection:
5. Negative feedback (physiological) system:
SHORT ANSWER.Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT
exceed the space provided.
1. Sketch the basic structure of a PLANT cell, label the major structures, and indicate which
types of biological molecules form each of the structures. (10%)
2. Briefly explain how blood sugar levels are regulated in humans by the actions of the pancreas
and liver. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use a labeled diagram for your answer.) (4%)
3. (a.) Provide the chemical equation for photosynthesis. (2%)
(b.) Explain why individual organisms undertake photosynthesis.
(sentence or short phrase)
(2%)
(c.) Explain how photosynthesis fits into the global carbon cycle.
(sentence or short phrase)
(2%)
4. Generally outline basic animal development in a vertebrate from fertilization to the formation
of the nervous system. Be certain to identify each stage and indicate what is happening at
each stage. (4%) (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled sketches for your answer.)
5. The Evolution Explosion describes Alexander Fleming’s discovery of the first antibiotic,
penicillin. (a.) First briefly explain how this took place. How did he discover penicillin? (2%)
(b.) Then briefly explain why penicillin is only rarely used anymore. (2%)
(c.) Then briefly explain why scientists are strongly recommending a reduction in the amount
of antibiotics used of all types. (4%)
BIOLOGY 262 PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY: ORGANISMIC, FALL 2010-FINAL EXAM (PART 3)-LABELS
Name:
Date
LABELING.Label below or fill in the box as indicated. (7%, 1% each)
1. On the phylogenetic tree below circle two (2)
3-5. Identify three things that are incorrect or
monophyletic groups.
misleading about the diagram below.
2. On the diagram of islands and a continent
identify the island that should have the
highest species richness by writing
“HIGHEST” on it AND identify the
island that should have the lowest species
richness by writing “LOWEST” on it.
Have a restful and enjoyable break.
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