Download Review test # 2

Review test # 2
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The main branches of natural science are
a. physics and chemistry.
c. medicine and agriculture.
b. biology, zoology, and ecology.
d. life, physical, and earth science.
2. A series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem is called the
a. experimental process.
c. scientific method.
b. scientific theory.
d. model method.
3. Scientists test a hypothesis by
a. formulating questions.
c. doing experiments.
b. designing models.
d. drawing conclusions.
4. What does it mean to say that “no experiment is a failure”?
a. All experiments are observations of real events.
b. All experiments yield the desired results.
c. All experiments give scientists work to do.
d. All experiments involve manipulating variables.
5. Which question cannot be answered by an experiment?
a. Does penicillin kill Salmonella bacteria?
b. Is rabies caused by a virus?
c. Did a comet impact kill the dinosaurs?
d. Can radiation cause cancer?
6. The SI unit for measuring temperature is the
a. degree.
c. mole.
b. kelvin.
d. ampere.
7. Which SI prefix means one one-hundredth (
)?
a. nanoc. millib. microd. centi8. Maria is 123 centimeters tall. Her height in meters is
a. 0123 m.
c. 1.23 m.
b. 0.123 m.
d. 12.3 m.
9. A loaf of bread weighs 1362 g. The weight in kilograms is
a. 1.362 kg.
c. 01362 kg.
b. 1362 kg.
d. 001362 kg.
10. The force with which gravity pulls on a quantity of matter is referred to as
a. mass.
c. volume.
b. length.
d. weight.
____ 11. At which time of day was the temperature approximately 5°C?
a. 9:00 A.M.
c. 11:00 A.M.
b. 10:00 A.M.
d. 12:00 P.M.
____ 12. At which two times of day was the temperature the same?
a. 7:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M.
c. 10:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M.
b. 7:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M.
d. 10:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M.
____ 13. The sample contained the same number of pennies for which two years?
a. 1988 and 1992
c. 1994 and 1997
b. 1988 and 1991
d. 1994 and 1998
____ 14. For which year was the smallest number of pennies found?
a. 1988
c. 1990
b. 1989
d. 1991
____ 15. What is 78,900,000,000 expressed in scientific notation?
a. 789  109
c. 7.89  1010
b. 7.89  109
d. 7.89  1011
____ 16. The speed of light is approximately 3  108 m/s. How would this be written in conventional notation?
a. 300,000
c. 30,000,000
b. 3,000,000
d. 300,000,000
____ 17. You are asked to find the area of a room that is 4.56 m long and 5.668 m wide. How many significant figures
should you show in your answer?
a. 3
c. 6
b. 5
d. 7
____ 18. You are asked to find the volume of a cube that is 2.5 cm high, 2.65 cm wide, and 3.456 cm long. How many
significant figures should you show in your answer?
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
2
____ 19. What is the area of a room that is 4  10 cm long and 2  103 cm wide?
a. 6  103 cm2
c. 8  105 cm2
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b. 8  10 cm
d. 8  107 cm2
____ 20. A precise measurement is one that
a. contains the correct number of significant figures.
b. contains at least three significant figures.
c. is close to the true value.
d. is as exact as possible.
____ 21. A measurement that is accurate is one that
a. is as exact as possible.
c. contains at least four significant figures.
b. is close to the true value.
d. contains five decimal places.
____ 22. Matter is defined as anything that
a. can be seen and touched.
c. can be weighed.
b. has mass and takes up space.
d. contains kinetic or potential energy.
____ 23. The science of what matter is made of and how it changes is called
a. chemistry.
c. kinetics.
b. physics.
d. engineering.
____ 24. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is
a. a compound.
c. an element.
b. a mixture.
d. an atom.
____ 25. A molecule of water (H2O) is made from _____ combining two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
a. physically
c. thermally
b. ionically
d. chemically
____ 26. You put 1 gram of salt into 1 liter of water and stir. The resulting liquid is an example of
a. a pure substance.
c. a homogeneous mixture.
b. a heterogeneous mixture.
d. an immiscible mixture.
____ 27. The chemical symbol for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. How many atoms are contained in each molecule of sulfuric
acid?
a. 3
c. 6
b. 5
d. 7
____ 28. How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of table sugar (C12H22O11)?
a. 2
c. 12
b. 11
d. 22
____ 29. A material that can be represented by a chemical formula is
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a. an element.
c. a homogeneous solution.
b. a mixture.
d. a pure substance.
The chemical formula for water, H2O, means that each water molecule contains
a. two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.
b. two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
c. two hydrogen atoms and zero oxygen atoms.
d. one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms.
Which of the following is an example of a gas-liquid mixture?
a. the air we breathe
c. a helium balloon
b. a carbonated drink
d. ice cubes
Knowing the chemical properties of a substance will tell you how the substance
a. looks.
c. can be broken down into atoms.
b. smells.
d. reacts with other substances.
Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container?
a. solid
c. gas
b. liquid
d. plasma
A liquid changes rapidly into a gas at the liquid’s
a. boiling point.
c. melting point.
b. freezing point.
d. condensation point.
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Lead has a density of 11.3 g/cm and a mass of 282.5 g. What is its volume?
a. 2.5 cm3
c. 250 cm3
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b. 25 cm
d. 2500 cm3
A substance has a mass of 360 g and a volume of 7.5 cm3. What is its density?
a. 2700 g/cm3
c. 480 g/cm3
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b. 270 g/cm
d. 48 g/cm3
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
a. dissolving salt in water
c. cooking an egg
b. burning wood into charcoal
d. rusting iron
Grinding quartz crystals down to produce sand is an example of a
a. change of state.
c. chemical reaction.
b. chemical change.
d. physical change.
Digesting food is an example of
a. physical change.
c. chemical change.
b. change of state.
d. buoyancy.
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
a. ice melting
c. pounding gold into a coin
b. paint fading
d. a puddle of water evaporating
When water is broken down, what happens to the oxygen and hydrogen atoms it is made of?
a. They combine with oxygen in air to produce new substances.
b. They are rearranged to form hydrogen and oxygen gas.
c. They are destroyed.
d. They increase in size until they form a solid.
Which of the following is not a potential sign of chemical change?
a. release of gas
c. change of color
b. evaporation of water
d. production of gas
Temperature is a measure of the average _____ energy of the particles in the object.
a. thermal
c. potential
b. kinetic
d. chemical
____ 44. The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called
a. sublimation.
c. evaporation.
b. condensation.
d. freezing.
____ 45. The process of a liquid becoming a solid is called
a. condensation.
c. evaporation.
b. freezing.
d. melting.
____ 46. Which state of matter has a definite volume, but not shape?
a. plasma
c. liquid
b. gas
d. solid
____ 47. What determines the speed of the atoms and molecules of a particular substance?
a. size of the atoms and molecules
c. Both (a) and (b)
b. temperature of the substance
d. None of the above
____ 48. Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on a(n) _____ is equal to the weight of the displaced
volume of fluid.
a. object in the fluid
c. fluid mixing with another liquid
b. object floating on the fluid
d. substance dissolving into the fluid
____ 49. When ice melts to form water, energy
a. is created.
c. is released.
b. is destroyed.
d. is absorbed.
____ 50. The resistance of a fluid to flow is referred to as
a. pressure.
c. viscosity.
b. energy.
d. shape.
____ 51. Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container?
a. solid
c. gas
b. liquid
d. plasma
____ 52. The change of a substance from a solid directly to a gas is called
a. condensation.
c. melting.
b. evaporation.
d. sublimation.
____ 53. The law of conservation of mass states that mass cannot be
a. burned.
c. created or destroyed.
b. changed in form.
d. heated or cooled.
____ 54. Ice floats in water because it is
a. more dense than water.
c. colder than water.
b. less dense than water.
d. warmer than water.
____ 55. Boyle’s law relates the pressure of a gas to its
a. container.
c. molecular composition.
b. volume.
d. temperature.
____ 56. When a fixed sample of gas increases in volume, it must also
a. decrease in pressure.
c. Either (a) or (b)
b. increase in temperature.
d. Both (a) and (b)
____ 57. Charles’s law relates the volume of a gas to its
a. container.
c. molecular composition.
b. pressure.
d. temperature.
____ 58. Pressure is calculated by dividing force by the _____ over which the force is exerted.
a. mass
c. volume
b. area
d. None of the above
____ 59. The forces that hold different atoms or ions together are
a. electric currents.
c. physical bonds.
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____ 74.
b. chemical bonds.
d. nuclear forces.
Each molecule of hydrochloric acid, HCl, contains one atom of hydrogen and
a. one atom of chlorine.
c. two atoms of chlorine.
b. one atom of oxygen.
d. two atoms of oxygen.
Each molecule of table sugar, C12H22O11, contains
a. 0 atoms of carbon.
c. 6 atoms of carbon.
b. 1 atom of carbon.
d. 12 atoms of carbon.
A change in the color of a solution is a sign that
a. a chemical change is taking place.
c. oxygen is present.
b. a physical change has just occurred.
d. organic chemicals are present.
What happens in a chemical reaction?
a. Atoms are destroyed.
c. Molecules are created.
b. Atoms are created.
d. Atoms are rearranged.
A chemical equation is balanced by changing or adding
a. chemical symbols.
c. coefficients.
b. subscripts.
d. reactants.
In order to determine speed, you must know
a. time.
c. Both (a) and (b)
b. distance.
d. None of the above
What is the speed of an object at rest?
a. 15 km/h
b. 0 km/h
c. 1 km/h
d. This cannot be determined without further information.
The difference between speed and velocity is that velocity includes
a. direction.
c. time.
b. distance.
d. weight.
Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by
a. speed.
c. time.
b. final velocity.
d. distance.
The SI unit for acceleration is
a. mph.
c. m/s2.
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b. ft/s .
d. v / t.
On a velocity-time graph, a line with a negative slope indicates that the object is
a. speeding up.
c. not moving.
b. slowing down.
d. traveling at a constant speed.
When the velocity of an object changes, it is acted upon by a(n)
a. force.
c. momentum.
b. inertia.
d. deceleration.
The combination of all of the forces acting on an object is called the
a. total force.
c. super force.
b. union of forces.
d. net force.
If the net force acting on a stationary object is zero, then the object will
a. accelerate in the direction of the strongest force.
b. remain at rest.
c. begin moving backwards.
d. decelerate at a steady rate of speed.
If the net force on an object is zero then the object has
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____ 86.
a. reaction forces.
c. balanced forces.
b. action forces.
d. unbalanced forces.
A force is continuously applied to an object, causing it to accelerate. After a period of time, however, the
object stops accelerating. What conclusion can be drawn?
a. The mass of the object has increased.
b. Gravity on the object has increased.
c. The object is experiencing some kind of friction.
d. The momentum of the object has reached a maximum.
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Frictional forces are greatest when both surfaces are rough.
b. When a truck is parked on a hill, friction pulls the truck down the hill.
c. Air resistance always opposes friction.
d. Friction can exist between two objects even when they are not in contact.
Which of the following is a displacement?
a. 5 m/s
c. 0.7 m/s2
b. 10 ft
d. 3 blocks east
Which of the following is not a factor in calculating momentum?
a. mass
c. acceleration
b. direction
d. speed
If you divide momentum by velocity, the result is the value of the object’s
a. mass.
c. energy.
b. direction.
d. speed.
Whenever an object is standing still, the value(s) that is/are always zero is/are
a. speed.
c. momentum.
b. velocity.
d. All of the above
A 10.0 kg dog chasing a rabbit north at 6.0 m/s has a momentum of
a. 0.6 kg m/s.
c. 60.0 m/s.
b. 60.0 kg m/s north.
d. 60.0 kg/s.
Weight is best described as
a. an object’s resistance to acceleration.
b. what causes an object to fall.
c. the downward force exerted on objects due to gravity.
d. a force solely dependent on an object’s mass.
When objects are moved further apart from each other, the force of gravity
a. increases.
c. decreases.
b. stays the same.
d. decreases at first and then increases.
Of the following, the greatest gravitational force would occur between
a. a marble and a baseball 5 meters apart.
b. a loaded freighter on the high seas and Earth.
c. the moon and an astronaut standing on the moon.
d. the moon and Earth.
The law that states that every object maintains constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force is
a. Newton’s first law of motion.
c. Newton’s third law of motion.
b. Newton’s second law of motion.
d. the law of conservation of momentum.
The law that states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force is
a. Newton’s first law of motion.
c. Newton’s third law of motion.
b. Newton’s second law of motion.
d. the law of conservation of momentum.
____ 87. The law that states that the unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times its
acceleration is
a. Newton’s first law of motion.
c. Newton’s third law of motion.
b. Newton’s second law of motion.
d. the law of conservation of momentum.
____ 88. The SI unit of force, named for the scientist who described the relationship between motion and force, is
called the
a. newton.
c. curie.
b. einstein.
d. pasteur.
____ 89. Which of the following units is used to measure acceleration in free fall?
a. m/s
c. m/s2
b. m  s
d. m2/s2
____ 90. Which of the following equations is correct?
a. w = mg
c. w = g/m
b. w = m/g
d. w = g + m
____ 91. Which of the following is true?
a. Weight and mass are proportional but not equal.
b. Weight is the gravitational force an object experiences due to its mass.
c. The weight of an object on Earth is greater than the weight of the same object on the
surface of the moon, but the object’s mass stays the same.
d. All of the above
____ 92. What is the unbalanced force that slows down a ball rolling across the floor?
a. the force of friction
c. the force of inertia
b. the force of gravity
d. the force of momentum
____ 93. Express the following as an equation: One newton is the force that can give an object with a mass of 1 kg an
acceleration of 1 m/s2.
a. 1 N = 1 kg ÷ 1 m/s2
c. 1 N = 1 m/s2 ÷ 1 kg
2
b. 1 N  1 kg = 1 m/s
d. 1 N = 1 kg  1 m/s2
____ 94. In the absence of air resistance, how would the acceleration of a 1.5 kg book and the acceleration of a 15 kg
rock difer if the objects were dropped from the same height?
a. The book would accelerate twice as fast as the rock.
b. The rock would accelerate twice as fast as the book.
c. The book would accelerate ten times as fast as the rock.
d. They would not differ; they would be the same.
____ 95. What happens immediately after a skydiver opens her parachute?
a. Air resistance greatly increases.
c. The skydiver’s speed greatly increases.
b. The skydiver is in free fall.
d. The force of gravity greatly increases.
____ 96. What are the units of work?
a. J
c. kgm2/s2
b. Nm
d. All of the above
____ 97. Which of the following processes requires the most work?
a. A 10 kg weight rests on a table.
b. A person holds a 1 kg weight still with outstretched arms.
c. A person lifts a 1 kg weight 1 m off the floor.
d. A 10 kg ball is rolled across the floor at a constant speed for a distance of 10 m.
____ 98. A man pushes a crate along a factory floor by exerting a force of 55 N. If the crate moves a distance of 4.0 m,
how much work does the man perform?
a. 165 N
c. zero
b. 220 N
d. 145 J
____ 99. What are the units of power?
a. watts
c. joules per second
b. horsepower
d. All of the above
____ 100. A weightlifter presses a 400 N weight 0.5 m over his head in 2 seconds. What is the power of the
weightlifter?
a. 100 N
c. 400 watts
b. 25 watts
d. 100 watts
____ 101. A machine is a device that
a. requires less work to do a given task.
b. decreases the amount of work done by a given force.
c. increases energy.
d. can multiply and change the direction of an input force.
____ 102. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 55 kg box that is 8.0 m above the ground?
a. 5500 J
c. 4300 J
b. 3400 J
d. 550 J
____ 103. Gravitational potential energy depends on the
a. the mass of the object.
c. the acceleration due to gravity.
b. the height of the object.
d. All of the above
____ 104. Which of the following is an example of mechanical energy?
a. nuclear energy
c. potential energy
b. chemical energy
d. light energy
____ 105. The kind of energy associated with atomic bonds is
a. nuclear energy.
c. chemical energy.
b. light energy.
d. kinetic energy.
____ 106. A pendulum is swinging back and forth and has a kinetic energy of 400 J at a particular point in its path.
Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Both the kinetic and potential energy are decreasing.
b. The minimum kinetic energy is zero.
c. When the kinetic energy is zero, the potential energy will be 400 J greater.
d. The potential energy increases when the kinetic energy decreases.
____ 107. Batteries typically have
a. two positive terminals.
c. one positive and one negative terminal.
b. two negative terminals.
d. no terminals.
____ 108. The SI unit of resistance is the
a. volt.
c. ohm.
b. ampere.
d. joule.
____ 109. There is a potential difference of 12 V across a resistor with 0.25 A of current in it. The resistance of the
resistor is
a. 48 
c. 12 
b. 24 
d. 0.021 
____ 110. If a lamp is measured to have a resistance of 45  when it operates at a power of 80.0 W, what is the current
in the lamp?
a. 2.10 A
c. 0.91 A
b. 1.3 A
d. 0.83 A
Review
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PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1