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Transcript
IPC: Essential Learning Outcomes By the IPC District Team I. Introduction to IPC The Learner Will (TLW): • Demonstrate common safety rules. • Develop skills to select and use the appropriate laboratory equipment. • Design and interpret graphs/tables/charts. • Analyze word problems and identify known and unknown variables. • Manipulate equations by using basic algebra methodology. CHEMISTRY II. Significant Figures and Metrics TLW: • Measure with precision and record values with the correct number of significant figures. • Explain and demonstrate rules for significant figures with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. • Place numbers from standard form to scientific notation and vice versa without changing the significant figures. • Identify and compare different metric prefixes with the emphasis on the prefixes kilo- to milli-. • Know and write the SI units in the metric system for mass, volume, and length. • Demonstrate conversion factoring and dimensional analysis when changing units from Metric to English or vice versa. • Describe and apply the steps you would use to investigate a problem. • Define and explain density dealing mainly with solids and liquids. • Perform calculations involving density using dimensional analysis. • Distinguish between density and specific gravity. 1 III. Matter and Solutions TLW: • Describe and distinguish between physical and chemical properties and changes. • Describe phase changes as a transfer of energy with emphasis on the Laws of Conservation of Mass/Energy. • • • • • • Name and describe the six states of matter. Distinguish between atoms, elements, compounds (pure substances) and mixtures with emphasis on their uses. Convert moles↔grams↔ atoms, using the “picket fence” method and Avogadro’s constant. Use chemical symbols to identify elements and formulas to identify compounds. Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Identify ways to separate mixtures. • • Compare and contrast properties of solutions, colloids, and suspensions. Define and explain the two parts of a solution. • • • • Identify and explain the factors that affect the solubility of a solute in a solution. Distinguish between unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solution. Calculate the percent by mass of a solute in a solution using dimensional analysis. Identify and connect the universal solvent to the polarity of water IV. Atomic Structure and Periodic Table TLW: • Explain the history of the atomic model. • Use Bohr’s model to place the electrons in their energy levels. • Compare and contrast Bohr’s model with the modern model of the atom. • Understand the organization of the periodic table and the periodic law. • Distinguish between atomic number, atomic mass and mass number. • Explain and calculate the average atomic mass of an element. • Emphasize that the atomic number identifies the element. • Explain how and why the atomic radii varies when you move across a period or down a group. • Classify elements as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals. • Explain why metals produce positive ions and nonmetals produce negative ions. • Predict ionic and/or covalent bonds. • Describe how carbon atoms bond covalently to form organic compounds (emphasize alkanes). • Construct or draw molecular models for binary ionic and binary molecular compounds. • Determine and identify the chemical formulas for ionic and covalent compounds. • Determine the oxidation state of elements. • Use correct nomenclature for ionic and covalent compounds. • Apply mathematical concepts for calculating formula mass, molar mass, and percent composition for compounds. 2 V. Chemical Reactions TLW: • Describe the characteristics of chemical reactions. • Recognize signs/indicators that a chemical reaction is taking place. • Explain the Laws of Conservation of Mass/ Energy. • Interpret, write and balance chemical equations. • Interpret chemical equations to determine the relative number of moles of reactants needed and products formed. • Classify chemical reactions (synthesis, decomposition, single and double displacement, incomplete and complete combustion). • Predict the products of a chemical reaction. • Describe the difference between endothermic and exothermic. • Explain the effects of catalysts, heat, pressure, and concentration on a chemical reaction. VI. Acids and Bases TLW: • Describe the properties of acids and bases. • Identify hazardous household products as acids and bases. • Relate the pH to acid/base strength. • Identify neutralization reactions and predict products. • Describe acid/base indicators and determine the pH of a solution. • Explain and describe the effects of acid rain on the environment. VII. Nuclear TLW: • Define and explain radioactivity. • Identify and describe the types of radiation - alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron emission. • Balance nuclear equations. • Explain and calculate half-life of radioactive isotopes. • Explain how nuclear power is produced by fission and utilized through energy transformations. • Compare and contrast fission and fusion. • Describe the benefits and dangers of radiation. • Distinguish between strong and weak nuclear forces. 3 PHYSICS VIII. Force and Motion TLW: • Distinguish between speed and velocity. • Solve word problems dealing with speed, velocity, acceleration, distance, momentum, and force. • Define force, centripetal force, friction, momentum, and gravity. • Describe force and its relationship to motion. • Explain centripetal force. • Explain how friction affects the motion of an object. • Differentiate between weight and mass. • State, explain, and apply Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. • Solve problems using the Law of Universal Gravitation. IX. Work, Power, Simple Machines, Energy TLW: • Define and relate force and distance to work. • Define and relate work and time to power. • Solve problems dealing with work, power and horse power. • Name and describe the six simple machines. • Explain and calculate the I.M.A and A.M.A of simple machines. • Explain and calculate the efficiency of machines. • Define and calculate potential and kinetic energy. • Identify and describe transformations of energy. X. Temperature and Heat TLW: • Explain the concept of temperature and identify the units to measure temperature. • Convert temperature readings between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. • Describe how heat energy is measured and identify the units. • Identify and describe the three ways in which heat transfer takes place. • Define and calculate specific heat of metals. • Explain expansion/contraction of solids, liquids and gases. • Calculate density problems with expansion and contraction of solids and liquids. • Identify and distinguish between conductors and insulators. • Compare various types of heating/cooling systems. 4 XI. Waves and Sound TLW: • Describe the basic characteristics of all waves. • Distinguish between transverse, longitudinal, and electromagnetic waves. • Relate wave speed to frequency, wavelength and medium. • Describe sound and explain how it is transmitted. • Describe the characteristics of sound waves - speed, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength. • Describe some applications of sound waves. • Explain how sound is transmitted by the human ear. • Define and explain resonance. • Describe the Doppler Effect. • Distinguish between constructive and destructive interference. XII. Light TLW: • Describe the properties of electromagnetic waves and explain how they are produced. • Identify and describe the applications of the electromagnetic spectrum. • Differentiate between luminous and illuminate objects. • Describe the reflection of light from plane and curved mirrors. • Differentiate between real and virtual images. • Describe the refraction of light from concave and convex lenses. • Determine how colors are produced by opaque, transparent, and translucent objects. • Explain how the human eye sees. • Differentiate between nearsightedness and farsightedness. • Calculate problems dealing with wave speed, frequency and wavelength. • Apply the law of reflection and the law of refraction in real world situations. XIII. Electricity TLW: • Explain how electric charges are related to atomic structure. • Describe static electricity, how it is produced and used. • Relate voltage, electric current, and resistance using Ohm’s Law in calculations. • Compare and contrast series and parallel circuits. • Compare fuses and circuit breakers. • Explain and calculate how electric power is produced and purchased as electric energy. 5 XIV. Magnetism and Electromagnetism TLW: • Describe magnetism and explain the Theory of Magnetism. • Define magnetic pole, magnetic field, repulsion, attraction, and magnetic lines of force. • Relate the Earth’s magnetic field to the magnetic field of a magnet. • Describe ways to make /destroy magnets. • Explain and describe how magnets can be used to produce an electric current in generators. • Explain how electric motors work (AC/DC). • Differentiate between generators and electric motors. • Explain how transformers increase and decrease voltage. 6