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1) Three basic neuroeffector tissues innervated by GVE neurons 2) Divisions of the ANS Sympathetic Parasympathetic 3) Ganglion 4) Location of preganglionic neuron cell bodies of the ANS 5) Location of efferent neuron cell bodies of the somatic division of the PNS 6) Location of postganglionic neuron cell bodies of the ANS 7) Primary function of ANS 8) Three types of autonomic ganglia and which divisions of the ANS is each associated with Paravertebral Prevertebral Terminal 9) Location and names of various autonomic ganglia Paravertebral Prevertebral Neuroeffector tissues are those innervated bye the nervous system – these are the excitable tissues of the body Those innervated by the GVE neurons: Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle and Glandular epithelium Sympathetic, Parasympathetic Divided by where the preganglionic neuron cell bodies originate Thoracolumbar – lateral horn of the T1L2 spinal segments Rami communicantes – one of the branches of the spinal nerve, route of communication for sympathetic neurons and the spinal nerve Craniosacral – brain stem (carried in CN 3,7,9) and sacral segments S 2,3,4 Preganglionic neuron synapses in ganglia called terminal ganglia Collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS See question 2 In ganglia Sympathetic – “fight of flight”, prepares the body to cope with intense physical activity Parasympathetic – “resting and digesting”, provides finite control of visceral function Terminal, paravertebral and prevertebral Sympathetic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Sympathetic chain ganglia, sympathetic trunk Located lateral to the vertebral column Bilateral from C1 to S3 Located anterior to the vertebral column, assoc. with major vascular branches off the -Celiac ganglion -Superior mesenteric ganglion -Inferior mesenteric ganglion Terminal ganglia -Ciliary ganglion -Pterygopalatine ganglion -Submandibular ganglion -Otic ganglion 10) Autonomic plexus 11) Splanchnic nerves 12) Specific locations of sympathetic preganglionic GVE neuron cell bodies in the CNS 13) Sympathetic GVE neurons emerge from the spinal cord in the ________ roots of the spinal nerve from spinal segments _________. 14) Sympathetic preganglionic neuron fibers exit the spinal nerve via the ______ to enter the ______ ganglia 15) Once sympathetic GVE neuron exits the spinal nerve and enters the paravertebral ganglia, 1 of 4 things can happen abdominal aorta Celiac ganglion, Superior mesenteric ganglion, Inferior mesenteric ganglion Innervated by greater splanchnic nerve formed by neurons from spinal segments T4-T9 Celiac (solar) plexus Postganglionic neurons innervate the stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, small intestine and kidney Innervated by the lesser splanchnic nerve Arises from the lower spinal segments Postganglionic fibers innervate the small intestine and colon Innervated by the lower splanchnic nerve Arises from lower spinal segments Postganglionic fibers innervate the distal colon, rectum, urinary bladder and genital organs Ciliary ganglion, Pterygopalatine ganglion, Submandibular ganglion, otic ganglion CNIII, innervates intrinsic (smooth) muscles of the eye CN VII – lacrimal gland CN VII – submandibular and sublingual salivary glands CN IX – parotid salivary gland Nerve networks consisting of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers Sympathetic nerve innervation which convey visceral efferent and afferent fibers to the viscera of the body cavities preganlionic cell bodies in gray matter Ventral; T1-L2 White rami; paraverterbral -Synapse in the chain at the level of entrance - ascend or descend the chain and synapse with postganglionic neuron cell body 16) Sympathetic neurons which exit the paravertebral ganlgia to rejoin the spinal, do so via what structure? 17) Which spinal nerves have white rami communicantes associated with them and which spinal nerves have gray rami communicantes associated with them White rami communicantes Gray rami communicantes 18) Neurotransmitter released from preganglionic sympathetic neurons 19) Enzyme that inactivates Acetylcholine (ACH) 20) Neurotransmitter released from the majority of postganglionic sympathetic neurons 21) names and locations of enzymes, which inactivate the neurotransmitters, released from the majority of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons -Pass through the chain in the thoracic portion of the trunk without synapsing, form the splanchnic nerves -Pass through the sympathetic chain and synapse in the adrenal medulla (T10,11) White rami GVE neuron from spinal nerve to paravertebral chain of ganglia Spinal nerves T1-L2 Paravertebral chain to spinal nerve Associated with all spinal nerves Acetylcholine (ACH) Acetylcholinesterase Norepinephrine (except sweat gland) Monoamine oxidase – MAO –intracellular on the outer surface of the mitochondria, inactivate catecholamines by oxidation, found in many cells throughout the body including gut epithelium Catechol-O-methyl transferase – COMT – in the synaptic space – extracellular, inactivates by methylation 22) Types and location of adrenergic receptors Cholinergic – muscarinic Cholinerigc – nicotinic Catecholamine metabolites – DOMA – VMA – excreted in the urine at a rate of 110 ug/day Cholinergic – muscarinic, nicotinic Andrenergic (respond to Epi or Norepi)– alpha, beta Located on the neuroeffector tissues innervate by autonomic postganglionic cholinergic fibers Located on the postganglionic neurons located in the autonomic ganglia and on skeletal muscle motor end plate (NOT part Adrenergic – Alpha 1 Alpha 2 Adrenergic – Beta 1 Beta 2 23) Three catecholamines 24) Tissue that releases epinephrine 25) Is epinephrine released from sympathetic postganglionic neurons? 26) Which sympathetic postganglionic neurons release Acetylcholine? 27) What tissues are innervated by postganglionic cholinergic neurons? 28) Where, specifically, are the preganglionic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies located in the CNS? 29) Cranial portion of the parasympathetic nervous system innervates structures located where? 30) Sacral portion of the parasympathetic nervous system innervates structures located where? 31) Which cranial nerves transmit GVE fibers? 32) Which spinal nerves carry parasympathetic GVE fibers? 33) Where are the nuclei, which give rise to GVE parasympathetic fibers located in the CNS? of ANS) On blood vessels – vasoconstriction Presynaptic - autoinhibitory Excitatory to the heart, + chrontrope and + inotrope, release Renin, relax smooth muscle in the gut Relax smooth muscle, bronchodilate Dopamine, Norephinephrine, Epinephrine Adrenal medulla No Fibers innervating eccrine sweat glands and BV in Skeletal muscle which produce vasodilation, somatic neurons to skeletal muscle (NOT part of ANS) All preganglioinc autonomic fibers, all postganglionic parasympathetic fibers and previously mentioned postganglionic sympathetic neurons Gray matter of brainstem and gray matter of sacral segments Head, all thoracic viscera and most of the GI tract from the esophagus through most of the large bowel Pelvic viscera, descending and sigmoid colon and rectum CN III, VII, IX, X S2-S4