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Final Exam Grammar Review 2012 Deutsch I Pronomen English has only 7 subject pronouns, whereas German has 9. Why is that? ____________________ Here are the English subject pronouns: I you he she it (y’all) we they you (formal) What are their German equivalents? _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Just as in English these pronouns are used to take the place of a noun. Nomen We have learned that, unlike English, all nouns in German are ____________________ and preceded by an article. There are three different articles, all of which mean _____. They are _____, which is called masculine, _____, which is feminine, and _____, which is neuter. Whenever you learn a new noun, you must also memorize its article, since there is no definite rule about which article goes with which word. There is, however, a saying that helps you figure out the gender of some nouns. How does it go? Ends in _____, gender _____. Ends in _____, gender _____. _______________ and ______________ are _____. (All plural nouns are _____!) Can you guess the genders of the following words? _____ Zunge _____ Notizbuch _____ Professor _____ Haar _____ Schreiber _____ Krankenschwester _____ Opas _____ Kassette _____ Kind _____ Nachbarland _____ Handtasche _____ Mutter In order to avoid being redundant, you will sometimes need to replace a noun with a pronoun. For each of the following sentences, how would substitute a pronoun to express, “It is black.” Der Kuli ist schwarz. Die Katze ist schwarz. ____ ist schwarz. _____ ist schwarz How would you also say, “They are black.” Die Kulis sind schwarz. _____ sind schwarz. Artikel Das Buch ist schwarz. _____ ist schwarz One of the most difficult concepts, which we mastered, was that one of the articles has to be changed if its noun is a direct object. That article is _____ which changes to _____. Can you fill in the correct articles for the following nouns? 1. _____ Lehrer korregiert _____ Hausaufgaben. 2. _____ Junge und _____ Madchen gehen in _____ Schule. 3. _____ Eltern spielen _____ Horn. 4. _____ Frau besucht _____ Mann. 5. Kennt _____ Lehrerin _____ Taxifahrer? 6. Ich habe _____ Bleistift, _____ Papier, _____ Kuli und _____ Buch. Ein/Kein/Mein/Dein We learned that there are several words for the and that each noun is assigned a specific one. There are also various forms for a or an. These are determined by the gender of the noun. Der Tisch ist groß. Ein Tisch ist groß. Die Fahne ist rot und weiß. Eine Fahne ist rot und weiß. Das Auto ist blau. Ein Auto ist blau. Ich bringe den Tisch. Ich bringe einen Tisch. You can not use ein with plural nouns. You can, however, use keine, meine or deine. Die Klassen sind interessant. Meine Klassen sind interessant. Can you fill in the correct ein forms for the following nouns? 1. _____ Lehrer korregiert _____ Hausaufgaben. 2. _____ Junge und _____ Madchen gehen in _____ Schule. 3. _____ Eltern spielen _____ Horn. 4. _____ Frau besucht _____ Mann. 5. Kennt _____ Lehrerin _____ Taxifahrer? 6. Ich habe _____ Bleistift, _____ Papier, _____ Kuli und _____ Buch. Regulare Verben im Präsens Verbs are words which show action in a sentence. In German all verbs end in either _____ or _____. Before you can use them in a sentence, you must conjugate them. That means that you change them so that they match the subject. This simple three-step process consists of: 1. Taking off the ______________________. 2. Writing down the ____________________ after each subject pronoun. 3. Adding the _________________________. Let’s see if you can apply the rules to the following verbs. machen schreiben spielen mitkommen -ich ____________ ____________ ____________ _________...______ -du ____________ ____________ ____________ _________...______ -er,sie,es ____________ ____________ ____________ _________...______ -ihr ____________ ____________ ____________ _________...______ -wir,sie,Sie ____________ ____________ ____________ _________...______ Some verbs, however, need special attention. They need to add or delete a letter in order to make pronunciation easier. Can you conjugate these verbs? wandern arbeiten finden heissen tanzen -ich ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ ______ -du ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ ______ -er,sie,es ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ ______ -ihr ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ ______ -wir,sie,Sie ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ ______ Which form did you have to change for wandern? __________ What did you have to add to arbeiten and finden? __________ What did you leave off of heissen and tanzen? __________ Irregulare Verben Though most verbs are regular, there are some verbs which have to be memorize. Fortunately there are very few of these. Three, however, are: sein haben werden which means ___ ___ which means ___ _______ which means ___ _______ -ich __________ __________ __________ -du __________ __________ __________ -er,sie,es __________ __________ __________ -ihr __________ __________ __________ -wir,sie,Sie __________ __________ __________ The rest of the irregular verbs have a easy pattern for conjugation. Do you know how to conjugate the following irregular verbs? fahren laufen sprechen essen sehen lesen -ich __________ _________ __________ __________ __________ ______ *du __________ _________ __________ __________ __________ ______ *er,sie,es __________ _________ __________ __________ __________ ______ -ihr __________ _________ __________ __________ __________ ______ -wir,sie,Sie __________ _________ __________ __________ __________ ______ What are the only two conjugations that differ from the way you do a regular verb? _____ and _____ What did you change about these forms for fahren and laufen? The ____ changed to an _____. for sprechen and essen? The ____ changed to an _____. for sehen and lesen? The ____ changed to an _____. Modal Verben Modal verbs express how one ______ about an action. They do not express the action itself; therefore, they must accompany an action verb. These verbs have a different way of conjugating. können müssen wollen möchten -ich ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ -du ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ -er,sie,es ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ -ihr ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ -wir,sie,Sie ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ Sollen, dürfen, and mögen are also modal verbs. When there is more than one verb in a sentence, they cannot both be in the coveted second position. One must go to the end of the sentence, my friend. Can you rewrite these sentences to include the modal verbs? Remember the C-clamp! Ich spiele Tennis. (können) _____________________________________________ Gehst du ins Kino? (wollen) _____________________________________________ Trennbare Verben There are some verbs that are made up of two parts, a prefix and the verb itself. In English the equivalents of these verbs tend to have prepositions. When we conjugate these, they split in half and the prefix goes on the end of the sentence. (einkaufen) Ich __________ bei Kroger’s _____. (mitkommen) __________ du morgen _____? (aufräumen) Wir __________ das Zimmer _____. (aufmachen) Ihr sollt das Paket _______________. Befehlsform When giving commands in English, the subject is always an understood _____. This presents a small problem in German because there are _____ words for you. They are _____, _____ and _____. Each form of you has a different command form. How would you tell the following people to do the things listed? schreiben Peter, Hans und Franz, Frau Farbisene, zuhören *sprechen *fahren *lesen __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Wortstellung In addition to learning lots of vocabulary and memorizing the articles, we also learned how to put the vocabulary into sentences. When we do that, what is the normal order for a statement? ______ then _______ for a question? ______ then _______ Underline the verbs in the following exercise, then make sentences or questions with the elements? 1. besuchen / ich / meine Oma / . / ___________________________________ 2. Hausaufgaben / machen / wir / . / ___________________________________ 3. du / bringen / die Musik / ? / ___________________________________ 4. arbeiten / am Wochenende / er / ? / ___________________________________ When we have verbs with separable prefixes, we remove the prefix and place it at the end of the sentence before conjugating the verb. 5. wir / einkaufen / morgen / . / ___________________________________ 6. mitkommen / heute / du / ? / ___________________________________ Questions for Frau Dieckman????? Email [email protected] Ich lebe für Grammatik-- the Sequel… Coming soon!