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RESEARCH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND HYDROBIOLOGY
© 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved
ISSN:1816-9112
Open Access Journal
Copyright © 2015 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for Scientific
Information.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License
(CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Brassica napus as a Reach Source of
Ergocalciferol
Mahnaz Alaei, Maryam Mohammadi, Iman Bajalan
Young Researchers and Elite Club,
Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Borujerd, Iran.
Address For Correspondence:
Iman Bajalan, Young Researchers
and Elite Club, Borujerd Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Borujerd,
Iran.
E-mail:[email protected];
Tel: +989396184417
ABSTRACT
Background: Brassica napus L. is a member of Cruciferous (Brassicaceae) family. It is used
widely as edible oil in Asia and other parts of the world. Objective: In recent study, in order to
measurement the ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) in Brassica napus L., after sampling and drying in
shade and room temperature, sample was extracted with Soxhlet for four hours by n-hexane
solvent. Then, sample has been analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: : Results of this study identified vitamin D2 in Brassica napus L.
KEY WORDS: Brassica napus L., HPLC, Vitamin D2
Received: July 12, 2014
Accepted: November 1, 2014
Published: January 5, 2015
INTRODUCTION
Brassica napus L., belong to the family Cruciferae, is one of the cultivated medicinal food plants in Middle
Asia, North Africa and West Europe. The plant is grown up to 50-200 cm and is ploughed back in the soil or
used as bedding. Processing of rapeseed for oil production provides rapeseed animal meal as a by-product
(Saeidnia, S. and A.R. Gohari, 2012). Its stems are branched above and glabrous or slightly hairy. The leaves are
petiolated, 5 to 25 cm long, 2 to 7 cm wide, and pinnatifid to pinnately-lobed with large, rounded terminal lobes.
Upper surfaces are glaucous, glabrous, or sparsely hairy. Petioles are often winged and up to 15 cm long. Stem
leaves are lanceolate to oblong, smaller than the basal leaves, and sessile with clasping or lobed bases and entire
or slightly wavy margins. Groups of 20 to 40 flowers form racemes at the ends of stems. Flower buds overtop or
equal open flowers. Petals are cream-colored to pale yellow, broadly obovate, 10 to 16 mm long, and 6 to 9 mm
wide with rounded tips. Siliques are spreading to ascending, 5 to 10 cm long, and 3.5to 5 mm wide with beaks at
the tips that are 7 to 16 mm long. Seeds are dark brown to gray-black, spherical, and 1.8 to 2.7 mm in diameter
(Hultén, E., 1968; Klinkenberg, B., 2010; Warwick, S., 2010).
This plant is well-known as “Colza” in Iran, even the seeds of Brassica compestris, Brassica juncea and
Brassica nigra are known as Colza in the world market. Its seeds have been commonly used for various
purposes in diverse countries. Rapeseed (Brassica napus), also known as “rape”, “oilseed rape”, “rapa”, “rappi”
and “rapeseed”. Colza is a bright yellow flowering member of the cabbage family and its name derives from the
Latin origin for turnip as “rapa” or “rapum”. In the old documents, turnip and rape had been distinguished by the
adjectives round and long (-rooted), respectively (Ahmadi, M.V., 1991; Mozaffarian, V., 1996). Rapeseed is the
valuable product of the crop and now the third most important source of edible oil in the world after soybean
and palm oil (El-Beltagi, H.E.S., A.A. Mohamed, 2010).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The seeds of Brassica napus were harvested from natural growing plants in Borujerd region, Western Iran.
The seeds were dried in the shade and room temperature (25°C) for ten days. One of the most commonly
method for extraction of vitamin D is Soxhlet extraction with a variety of solvents. In this study, the extraction
used 20 g of Brassica napus to pass a 1.0 mm sieve. Then 2.5 g of IBA has been added and extraction was
RESEARCH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND HYDROBIOLOGY, 10(9) May 2015, Pages: 185-187
Mahnaz Alaei et al, 2015
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completed with 250 mL of n-hexane containing 1 mg of IBA at 60 °C for 4 h using Soxhlet extractor in a dark
place.
The extraction were analyzed using a HPLC model 200, making by Perkin Elmer company from the USA
with the separation techniques used with ultraviolet/visible (UV/visible), Fluorescence. The processor of
information with Brezz, Column was C18 (Agilent-100 mm, 4.6mm and 3.5 µm) support with isocratic elution.
Mobile phase was acetonitrile (5%) with methanol (95%), flow rate 1.0 mL min−1. Collect vitamin D fraction
between 2 min before and 2 min after established peak retention time (Alaei, M., et al., 2015).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The metabolism of each appears to be different, with the vitamin D binding protein possibly having greater
affinity for 25(OH)D3 than for 25(OH)D2, as shown in one study [4]. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is sensitive to
UV radiation and rapidly, but reversibly, forms other sterols which can further irreversibly convert to ergosterol.
Fig. 1: A chromatogram of vitamin D2 in the seeds of Brassica napus L.,
Ergocalciferol is a form of vitamin D. It is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and
phosphorus. Having the right amount of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus is important for building and
keeping strong bones. Vitamin D is used to treat and prevent bone disorders. Vitamin D is made by the body
when skin is exposed to sunlight. Sunscreen, protective clothing, limited exposure to sunlight, dark skin, and
age may prevent getting enough vitamin D from the sun. Vitamin D with calcium is used to treat or prevent
bone loss (osteoporosis). Vitamin D is also used with other medications to treat low levels of calcium or
phosphate caused by certain disorders. It may be used in kidney disease to keep calcium levels normal and allow
normal bone growth.
By use of the results of this research and other investigations about this tree in different areas and even in
deferent kind of Brassica napus, the best area from the aspect of this chemical composition can be recognized.
By researching about the morphological and ecological features of the areas were these trees are grown, the
relation between these factors and the amount of effective compositions in plants can be found. The
characteristics of agrology are another important factor that should be considered. Also different ways of extract
and analysis the extracts, are factors that should be noticed. Further information in this area, needs further
research.
REFERENCES
Ahmadi, M.V., 1991. Botanical characterizations and some main principles in cultivation of Colza. Zeitoon
Mon. Mag, 104: 18-23.
Alaei, M., M. Mohammadi and I. Bajalan, 2015. Identification of ergocalciferol (Vitamin D 2) in the
extraction of almond by Soxhlet extractor. Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture, 10(4): 6-8.
El-Beltagi, H.E.S., A.A. Mohamed, 2010. Variations in fatty acid composition, glucosinolate profile and
some phytochemical contents in selected oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Fats Oil, 61(2): 143-150.
Houghton, L. and R. Vieth, 2006. The case against ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) as a vitamin supplement.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84(4): 694-697.
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Hultén, E., 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. pp:
1008.
Klinkenberg, B., 2010. Brassica napus L. In: E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British
Columbia. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia.
Vancouver, BC.
Mozaffarian, V., 1996. A dictionary of Iranian plant names. Farhang Moaser publisher, Tehran.
Saeidnia, S. and A.R. Gohari, 2012. Importance of Brassica napus as a medicinal food plant. Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research, 6(14): 2700-2703.
Warwick, S., 2010. Brassica napus L. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora
of North America North of Mexico. 12+ vols. New York and Oxford., 7: 422.