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Experimental Atomic Physics Principal Investigator: Vladan Vuletić Graduate Students: Kristin Beck, Boris Braverman, Alexei Bylinskii, Wenlan Chen, Dorian Gangloff, Jiazhong Hu, Akio Kawasaki, Qiyu Liang, Özge Özel, Thibault Peyronel, Hao Zhang Postdoctoral Associates/Fellows: Ofer Firstenberg, Leon Karpa, Robert McConnell Atomic Physics The Vuletić group strives to manipulate atoms and photons in systems where the particles’ quantum nature dominates. Our work touches on quantum measurement, quantum control, quantum feedback, mesoscopic systems and entanglement. Current projects include: Nonlinearities at the single photon level exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to control the quantum statistics of light 100s 1/2 1 g(2)() 1 photon/s 2 photons/s 4 photons/s 6 photons/s 0.8 46s 1/2 0.6 1 0.4 0 0.2 10 20 [2 MHz] 30 0 0 0.5 0 0.5 [s] 1 1 [s] 1.5 autocorrelation function of output light By combining EIT and atomic excitation into Rydberg states, in which the outer electron is in a highly excited state (n~100), we observe efficient, long-range interactions between single photons. One application of this nonlinearity is photon blockade, which suppresses photon pairs travelling together. Switching with Single Photons We have also observed nonlinearities between two different spatial modes of light. Using a high finesse cavity and an EIT medium, we created a switch. The system is transparent for single photons, which either travel through a resonant cavity or the EIT window. However, when a photon occupies each of the modes, transmission is reduced switching the photons off. g2(τ) Spatially Separating Photons τ (nS) cross correlation function of output light Measurements beyond the standard quantum limit using ensembles of atoms in high finesse optical cavities to beat the standard quantum limit Better Atomic Clocks Counting Many Atoms State-of-the-art atomic clocks have -16 relative uncertainties of 10 . Quantum mechanics predicts we can do better. We are building an atomic clock that will use spin squeezing in 171Yb atoms to measure the frequency of an optical transition—and the corresponding decay time 1/f—with uncertainties lower than the standard quantum limit. measured variance of atom number below the SQL Beating the standard quantum limit requires high-fidelity state detection for large ensembles of atoms. Using a cavity-based detection scheme, we resolve up to 100 antinode-equivalent atoms with single atom resolution. Using this scheme, we achieve measurement variances 21dB below the projection noise limit. Cooling and trapping techniques Stabilizing Ions with Light Ions are a promising qubit for quantum computation. Ions are standardly trapped with time varying (RF) electric fields. These traps are limited in size and by micromotion, residual motion inherent in these RF traps. We are developing a new technique that uses an optical standing wave to stabilize and cool a linear array of ions. Our method also allows much finer spatial resolution than RF traps. For recent publications, visit our website: www.rle.mit.edu/eap/ We gratefully acknowledge funding from the NSF, the ONR, and DARPA. Individuals are partly supported by the Department of Physics, the NSF, the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation and NSERC.