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Second Semester
World History
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UNIT ONE
EXLORATION
1400-1800
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Exploration Warm Ups
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The Spice Trade
Crusaders returning from the Middle East sparked
a growing desire for spices in Europe.
Improved the flavor of food
Preserved food – important due to lack
of cold storage
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Italian city-states had a monopoly on overland
trade routes and was becoming very rich.
How could other countries get rich from spices?
BY SEA
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Motivation of Explorers
GOLD: Wealth of any kind;
gold, silver, spices, slaves . . .
GOD: Spread Christianity
GLORY: Fame for country
and individual fame
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NEW TECHNOLOGY
Made it possible to sail farther away from the coast.
Compass
Astrolabe
Caravel
Invented by
Portuguese fishermen
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PORTUGAL
Goal: get to Asia’s spices by sailing around
Africa
Prince Henry
Started a “navigation school”,
sponsored voyages, encouraged
“sharing” of experiences
Nicknamed “the Navigator”
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PORTUGAL
Bartolomeu Dias
Sailed around the
southern tip of
Africa (Cape of
Good Hope)
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PORTUGAL
Vasco de Gama
Made it all the
way around
Africa to India’s
spices and back.
Portugal now
has a piece of the
spice trade.
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SPAIN
Goal:
Get
to Asia’s spices by
crossing the
Atlantic Ocean
Ferdinand and Isabella
PROBLEM: The America’s were in the
way (but Spain became very rich from the
GOLD of the Americas).
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SPAIN
Christopher Columbus Born in Genoa (Italy).
Smart, crazy, talented, lucky, stubborn, and mean.
Wanted to get East
(Asia) by sailing West
Great Navigator
Reached N.America
in 1492 (San Salvador
– Bahamas) Made 4 voyages- died thinking he had
reached the Indies.
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SPAIN
Amerigo Vespucci Called land a
“New World” - not the Indies
Continents named after him – he
made maps and signed them,
giving people the
idea that the
correct name was
Amerigo.
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Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese; amazing navigator
Planned to sail through a pass in
South America to the spices of
the Indies
1518 - Started with 5 ships and 265 crew; part of
the crew mutinied
Discovered and sailed through the “Strait of
Magellan”
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Magellan’s crew nearly died of starvation across the
Pacific
Magellan killed in the Philippines.
1 ship, 19 crew members returned to Spain - 1522
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They were the first to ever circumnavigate the globe.
The leader was Sebastián del Cano, who disliked
Magellan, told lies, and took the credit.
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Treaty of Tordesillas – Signed by Spain and
Portugal dividing the land in the New World
and over in the Indies. As a result, Brazil is a
Portuguese-speaking
nation.
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Age of Exploration
Part II #5
•Have Notebook out and ready
to start notes
•Have Map out for stamp
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ENGLAND, FRANCE AND THE
NETHERLANDS
Goal: Get the spices of Asia by going
“through” or north of North America – find the
“Northwest Passage”
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John Cabot
Claimed Newfoundland
and areas of “New England”
for England (1497)
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Henry Hudson
Sailed for the English, then the
Dutch; found Hudson Bay and the
Hudson River; Dutch settlement
New Amsterdam became NY
1607 -09
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French Explorers
Cartier and Champlain went up the St.
Lawrence River
1534
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French Explorers
Marquette & Joliet into the Great Lakes 1673
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French Explorers
La Salle sailed up the
Mississippi River claiming valley
for France
1681-87
La Salle
hand-drawn map
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