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DESIGN GUIDE EMC VSPEX FOR VIRTUALIZED MICROSOFT SQL SERVER 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup EMC VSPEX Abstract This Design Guide describes how to design virtualized Microsoft SQL Server resources on the appropriate EMC® VSPEX® Proven Infrastructure for Microsoft HyperV or VMware vSphere enabled by EMC VNXe® or EMC Next-Generation VNX®, and EMC backup. The guide also illustrates how to size SQL Server 2012, allocate resources following best practices, and use all the benefits that VSPEX offers. October 2013 Copyright © 2013 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Published in the USA. Published October 2013. EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change without notice. The information in this publication is provided as is. EMC Corporation makes no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to the information in this publication, and specifically disclaims implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicable software license. EMC2, EMC, and the EMC logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of EMC Corporation in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. For the most up-to-date listing of EMC product names, see EMC Corporation Trademarks on EMC.com. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Part Number h11882.1 2 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Contents Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 11 Purpose of this guide................................................................................................ 12 Business value ......................................................................................................... 12 Scope ....................................................................................................................... 13 Audience .................................................................................................................. 13 Terminology.............................................................................................................. 14 Chapter 2 Before You Start 17 Deployment workflow ............................................................................................... 18 Essential reading ...................................................................................................... 18 VSPEX Solution Overviews ................................................................................... 18 VSPEX Implementation Guides............................................................................. 18 VSPEX Proven Infrastructures ............................................................................... 19 VSPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery Design and Implementation Guide ........... 19 Chapter 3 Solution Overview 21 Overview .................................................................................................................. 22 Solution architecture ................................................................................................ 22 Key components ....................................................................................................... 23 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 23 Microsoft SQL Server 2012 .................................................................................. 24 EMC VSPEX Proven Infrastructure ......................................................................... 24 EMC Next-Generation VNX .................................................................................... 25 EMC VNXe ............................................................................................................ 30 EMC backup and recovery solutions..................................................................... 31 VMware vSphere 5.1 ............................................................................................ 31 Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V ...................................................... 32 EMC XtremSW Cache............................................................................................ 32 EMC PowerPath/VE .............................................................................................. 32 Chapter 4 Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure 33 Overview .................................................................................................................. 34 Step 1: Evaluate the customer use case.................................................................... 34 Overview.............................................................................................................. 34 VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server qualification worksheet .................................... 34 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 3 Step 2: Design the application architecture .............................................................. 35 VSPEX Sizing Tool ................................................................................................ 35 Step 3: Choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure ............................................... 38 Considerations .................................................................................................... 38 Examples ............................................................................................................. 38 Chapter 5 Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices 47 Overview .................................................................................................................. 48 Network design considerations ................................................................................ 48 Overview.............................................................................................................. 48 Network design best practices ............................................................................. 48 Storage layout and design considerations ................................................................ 49 Overview.............................................................................................................. 49 Storage design..................................................................................................... 51 Component design best practices ........................................................................ 52 Storage layout examples...................................................................................... 56 Virtualization design considerations ........................................................................ 58 Overview.............................................................................................................. 58 Virtualization design best practices ..................................................................... 58 Application design considerations ........................................................................... 60 Overview.............................................................................................................. 60 Application design best practices ........................................................................ 60 SQL Server 2012 licensing consideration ............................................................. 61 Backup and recovery design considerations ............................................................. 62 Chapter 6 Solution Verification Methodologies 63 Overview .................................................................................................................. 64 Baseline hardware verification methodology ............................................................ 64 Application verification methodology ....................................................................... 64 Understanding key metrics .................................................................................. 65 Running tests, analyzing results, and optimization .............................................. 65 Backup and recovery verification methodology ......................................................... 65 Chapter 7 Reference Documentation 67 EMC documentation ................................................................................................. 68 Other documentation ............................................................................................... 69 Links ........................................................................................................................ 69 Appendix A Qualification Worksheet 71 VSPEX for virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 qualification worksheet ................. 72 Printing the qualification worksheet .................................................................... 72 4 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Contents Appendix B High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology 75 OVerview .................................................................................................................. 76 Sufficient resources .................................................................................................. 76 Sizing considerations ............................................................................................... 76 Reference virtual machine recommendation for SQL Server ................................. 77 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 5 6 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Contents Figures Figure 1. Solution architecture ........................................................................... 23 Figure 2. VSPEX Proven Infrastructure ................................................................ 24 Figure 3. Next-Generation VNX with multicore optimization................................ 27 Figure 4. Active/active processors increase performance, resiliency, and efficiency ............................................................................................. 28 Figure 5. Unisphere Management Suite ............................................................. 29 Figure 6. Storage layout and LUN design ............................................................ 41 Figure 7. SQL Server storage elements on VMware vSphere 5.1 platform ........... 50 Figure 8. SQL Server storage elements on Hyper-V platform ............................... 51 Figure 9. Storage layout example: SQL Server for the VNXe series ...................... 57 Figure 10. Storage layout example: SQL Server for VNX series with FAST VP enabled .................................. 58 Figure 11. Printable qualification worksheet ........................................................ 72 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 7 Contents 8 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Contents Tables Table 1. Terminology......................................................................................... 14 Table 2. VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server 2012 deployment process ............................................................................................... 18 Table 3. Reference virtual machine—characteristics.......................................... 25 Table 4. VNXe software suites ........................................................................... 30 Table 5. VNXe software packs ........................................................................... 31 Table 6. VSPEX Proven Infrastructure selection steps ........................................ 34 Table 7. VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server 2012 qualification worksheet guidelines ........................................................................................... 35 Table 8. VSPEX Sizing Tool output ..................................................................... 36 Table 9. VSPEX Proven Infrastructure: Selection steps ...................................... 38 Table 10. Example qualification worksheet: Small-sized SQL Server OLTP instance ................................................. 39 Table 11. Example of required resources: Small-sized SQL Server OLTP instance ................................................. 40 Table 12. Example of SQL Server details in VSPEX Sizing Tool ............................. 40 Table 13. Example VSPEX qualification worksheet: Medium-sized SQL Server user database ............................................................................................. 42 Table 14. Example of required resources: Medium-sized SQL Server OLTP instance ............................................. 42 Table 15. Example summary: Medium-sized SQL Server user database in VSPEX Sizing Tool ........................................................................................... 43 Table 16. Example user profiles: User databases requirement ............................ 44 Table 17. Example qualification worksheet: SQL Server OLTP instance with multiple user databases ...................................................................... 44 Table 18. Example of required resources: SQL Server OLTP instance with multiple user databases .................................................................................... 44 Table 19. Example of SQL Server details in VSPEX Sizing Tool ............................. 45 Table 20. SQL Server storage pools ..................................................................... 50 Table 21. Storage layout example on VNXe ......................................................... 57 Table 22. Storage layout example on VNX ........................................................... 57 Table 23. Recommended RAM for SQL Server ...................................................... 59 Table 24. High-level steps for application verification ......................................... 64 Table 25. Key metrics .......................................................................................... 65 Table 26. Qualification worksheet for a SQL Server user database ...................... 72 Table 27. An example of user input for multiple user databases ......................... 77 Table 28. Reference virtual machine calculation results per database requirement ................................................................... 77 Table 29. An example of user input for multiple user databases ......................... 79 Table 30. Recommended drive and LUN configuration ........................................ 81 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 9 Contents 10 Table 31. VSPEX storage model support matrix ................................................... 83 Table 32. Storage system support matrix ............................................................ 84 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 EMC Enabled by Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter presents the following topics: Purpose of this guide ............................................................................................. 12 Business value ...................................................................................................... 12 Scope .................................................................................................................... 13 Audience ............................................................................................................... 13 Terminology .......................................................................................................... 14 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 11 Chapter 1: Introduction Purpose of this guide EMC® VSPEX® Proven Infrastructures are optimized for virtualizing business-critical applications. VSPEX provides partners with the ability to plan and design the business-critical assets required to support Microsoft SQL Server 2012 in a virtualized environment on VSPEX Private Cloud. EMC VSPEX for virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 architecture provides a validated system, capable of hosting a virtualized SQL Server 2012 solution at a consistent performance level. This solution is designed to be layered on a VSPEX Private Cloud solution using either a VMware vSphere or Microsoft Hyper-V virtualization layer, and leverages the highly available EMC VNX® family, which provides the storage. All VSPEX solutions are sized and tested with EMC backup and recovery products. EMC Avamar® and EMC Data Domain® enable complete infrastructure, application, and email backup and recovery, including granular email recovery capabilities. The compute and network components, while vendor-definable, are designed to be redundant and are sufficiently powerful to handle the processing and data needs of the virtual machine environment. This Design Guide describes how to design the virtual resources necessary to satisfy the requirements for deploying Microsoft SQL Server 2012 on any VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. This guide applies to SQL Server OLTP workloads and does not cover data warehousing workloads. Business value Never before has access to mission-critical data been more important to businesses competing in a rapidly changing global economy. Today, IT departments are challenged with an explosion of corporate data along with stagnant or shrinking budgets. As the foundation of the cloud-ready information platform, SQL Server 2012 provides great availability, breakthrough insight, credible and consistent data, and productive development experience to customers. It can also quickly build solutions and extend data across on-premises and public cloud backed by mission-critical confidence. Data protection and backup are among the most complex aspects of administering SQL Server 2012 environments. Database administrators (DBAs) and storage administrators need the backup process to be less costly and require less administrative attention. Given those needs, it is not surprising that more businesses are looking for advanced data protection technologies for SQL Server 2012 environments. SQL Server 2012 introduces a new integrated high availability and disaster recovery solution, SQL Server AlwaysOn. AlwaysOn provides the flexibility to support various high availability configurations, enabling you to maintain your service level agreements (SLAs). VSPEX enables customers to accelerate their IT transformation with faster deployments, and simplified management, backup, and storage provisioning. Customers can realize greater efficiency with higher application availability, 12 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 1: Introduction increased storage utilization, and faster, leaner backups. In addition, VSPEX provides customers with flexibility of choices when selecting a hypervisor, server, and network to address the requirements of their SQL Server 2012 environments. By design and best practices, EMC backup and recovery systems: • Deploy faster, saving time and effort with Proven Solutions • Increase performance and scalability out of the box • Reduce the customer’s backup storage requirements and costs • Meet backup windows • Enable fast disk-based recovery Scope This Design Guide describes how to plan an EMC VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for Microsoft SQL Server 2012 environments running on a VMware vSphere or Microsoft Hyper-V Proven Infrastructure. It assumes that a VSPEX Private Cloud already exists in the customer environment. The guide provides examples of deployments on both a Next-Generation VNX and a VNXe® storage array. Furthermore, it illustrates how to size SQL Server 2012 on the VSPEX infrastructures, allocate resources following best practices, and use all the benefits that VSPEX offers. The EMC backup and recovery solutions for SQL Server 2012 data protection are described in a separate document, VSPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SharePoint Design and Implementation Guide. Audience This guide is intended for internal EMC personnel and qualified EMC VSPEX Partners. The guide assumes that VSPEX Partners who intend to deploy this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server are: • Qualified by Microsoft to sell and implement SQL Server solutions • Certified in SQL Server, ideally with one or all of the following Microsoft certifications: Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate (MCSA) Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert (MCSE) Microsoft Certified Solutions Master (MCSM) • Qualified by EMC to sell, install, and configure the VNX family of storage systems • Certified to sell VSPEX Proven Infrastructures • Qualified to sell, install, and configure the network and server products required for VSPEX Proven Infrastructures EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 13 Chapter 1: Introduction Readers must also have the necessary technical training and background to install and configure: • EMC VNX and VNXe • VMware vSphere or Microsoft Hyper-V virtualization platforms • Microsoft Windows Server 2012 • Microsoft SQL Server 2012 • EMC backup and recovery products, including Avamar and Data Domain This guide provides external references where applicable. EMC recommends that partners implementing this solution are familiar with these documents. For details, see Essential reading and Chapter 7: Reference Documentation. Terminology Table 1 includes the terminology used in this guide. Table 1. 14 Terminology Term Definition AD Active Directory CIFS Common Internet File System CSV Cluster-shared volume DNS Domain Name System DRS Distributed Resource Scheduler eMLC Enterprise multilevel cell File group SQL Server database objects and files group FAST™ Cache A feature on EMC VNX series storage systems that enables you to use the lower response time and better IOPS of flash drives for specific applications FAST VP Fully Automated Storage Tiering for Virtual Pools IOPS Input/output operations per second iSCSI Internet Small Computer System Interface NFS Network File System NIC Network interface card NL-SAS Near-line serial-attached SCSI NUMA Non-Uniform Memory Access OLTP Online transaction processing, typical applications of which include data entry and retrieval transaction processing PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect Express EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 1: Introduction Term Definition Reference virtual machine Representation of a unit of measure for a single virtual machine, quantifying the compute resources in a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure RTM Release to manufacturing tempdb A system database used by Microsoft SQL Server as a temporary working area during processing TPS Transactions per second VDM Virtual Data Mover VMDK Virtual Machine Disk VMFS Virtual Machine File System VHDX Hyper-V virtual hard disk format EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 15 Chapter 1: Introduction 16 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 2: Before You Start Chapter 2 Before You Start This chapter presents the following topics: Deployment workflow ............................................................................................ 18 Essential reading ................................................................................................... 18 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 17 Chapter 2: Before You Start Deployment workflow EMC recommends that you refer to the process flow in Table 2 to design and implement your VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server 2012. Note: If your solution includes backup and recovery components, refer to SPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SharePoint Design and Implementation Guide for backup and recovery sizing and implementation guidelines. Table 2. VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server 2012 deployment process Step Action 1 Use the VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server 2012 qualification worksheet to collect user requirements. The one-page Qualification Worksheet is in Appendix A of this Design Guide. 2 Use the VSPEX Sizing Tool to determine the recommended VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server 2012 based on the user requirements collected in step 1. For more information about the Sizing Tool, refer to the VSPEX Sizing Tool portal. Note: In the event that the VSPEX Sizing Tool is not available, you can manually size the application using the sizing guidelines in Appendix B. 3 Use this Design Guide to determine your final design for the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server 2012. Note: Ensure that all application requirements, not just this particular application, are considered. 4 Refer to the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures section to select and order the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. 5 Refer to the VSPEX Implementation Guides section to deploy and test your VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server 2012. Essential reading EMC recommends that you read the following documents, which are available from the VSPEX space in the EMC Community Network or from EMC.com or the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure partner portal. VSPEX Solution Overviews VSPEX Implementation Guides 18 Refer to the following VSPEX Solution Overview documents: • EMC VSPEX Server Virtualization Solutions for Small and Medium Business • EMC VSPEX Server Virtualization Solutions for Small and Medium Business Refer to the following VSPEX Implementation Guides: • EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 with Microsoft Hyper-V • EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 with VMware vSphere EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 2: Before You Start VSPEX Proven Infrastructures VSPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery Design and Implementation Guide Refer to the following VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Guides: • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 100 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 100 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines Refer to the following VSPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery guide: • EMC Backup and Recovery options for VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Design and Implementation Guide EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 19 Chapter 2: Before You Start 20 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 3: Solution Overview Chapter 3 Solution Overview This chapter presents the following topics: Overview ............................................................................................................... 22 Solution architecture ............................................................................................. 22 Key components .................................................................................................... 23 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 21 Chapter 3: Solution Overview Overview This chapter provides an overview of the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized Microsoft SQL Server and the key technologies used in this solution. This VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server Design Guide supports all VSPEX offerings on VMware vSphere and Microsoft Hyper-V. This VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server solution was validated using VSPEX Private Cloud running VMware and Hyper-V virtualized Windows on NextGeneration EMC VNX family storage arrays to provide storage and server hardware consolidation. The solution is layered on a VSPEX Private Cloud, which uses servers, storage, network, and backup resources, and SQL Server components that focus on small and midrange environments. The solution enables customers to quickly and consistently deploy a small or medium virtualized SQL Server environment in a VSPEX Private Cloud. The VNX and VNXe family storage arrays are multiprotocol platforms that can support the Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI), Network File System (NFS), Common Internet File System (CIFS), Fibre Channel (FC), and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) protocols depending on a customer’s specific needs. This solution was validated using NFS and iSCSI for data storage. This solution requires the presence of Active Directory (AD) and Domain Name System (DNS). The implementation of these services is beyond the scope of this guide, but the services are prerequisites for a successful deployment. The backup and recovery solutions for SQL Server data protection are described in a separate document, SPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SharePoint Design and Implementation Guide. Solution architecture Figure 1 shows the architecture that characterizes the validated VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for SQL Server 2012. SQL Server is deployed as virtual machines on VMware vSphere 5.1 or Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V. We 1 used the VSPEX Sizing Tool for each SQL Server instance to determine the number of SQL Server virtual machines, the detailed compute resources, and the recommended storage layout. This storage layout is in addition to the VSPEX private cloud pool in the VNX or VNXe series. The backup and recovery components of the solution provide data protection to the SQL Server OLTP-focused instance. 1 22 In this guide, "we" refers to the EMC Solutions engineering team that validated the solution. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 3: Solution Overview Figure 1. Solution architecture Key components Introduction This section provides an overview of the following key technologies used in this solution: • Microsoft SQL Server 2012 • EMC VSPEX Proven Infrastructure • EMC Next-Generation VNX • EMC VNXe • EMC backup and recovery solutions • VMware vSphere 5.1 • Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V • EMC XtremSW™ Cache EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 23 Chapter 3: Solution Overview • Microsoft SQL Server 2012 EMC PowerPath®/VE SQL Server 2012 is Microsoft’s database management and analysis system for e-commerce, line-of-business, and data warehousing solutions. SQL Server is widely used to store, retrieve, and manage application data. Because it is used with a range of applications and each application has different requirements for performance, sizing, availability, recoverability, manageability, and so on, you should fully understand these factors and plan accordingly when deploying SQL Server. EMC VSPEX Proven EMC has joined forces with IT infrastructure providers to create a complete virtualization solution that accelerates the deployment of the private cloud. VSPEX Infrastructure enables faster deployment, greater simplicity and choice, higher efficiency, and lower risk. Validation by EMC ensures predictable performance and enables customers to select technology that uses their existing IT infrastructure while eliminating planning, sizing, and configuration burdens. VSPEX provides a virtual infrastructure for customers looking to gain the simplicity that is characteristic of truly converged infrastructures, while at the same time gaining more choice in individual stack components. VSPEX solutions are proven by EMC and packaged and sold exclusively by EMC channel partners. VSPEX provides channel partners with more opportunity, a faster sales cycle, and end-to-end enablement. By working closely together, EMC and its channel partners can now deliver infrastructure that accelerates the journey to the cloud for even more customers. VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, as shown in Figure 2, is a modular, virtualized infrastructure validated by EMC and delivered by EMC’s VSPEX partners. VSPEX includes a virtualization layer, server, network, and EMC storage and backup, designed by EMC to deliver reliable and predictable performance. Figure 2. 24 VSPEX Proven Infrastructure EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 3: Solution Overview VSPEX provides the flexibility to choose network, server, and virtualization technologies that fit a customer’s environment to create a complete virtualization solution. VSPEX delivers faster deployment for EMC partner customers, with greater simplicity and efficiency, more choice, and lower risk to a customer’s business. For more information about VSPEX Proven Infrastructures, refer to the following documents: • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 100 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 100 Virtual Machines Reference virtual machine To simplify the virtual infrastructure discussion, the VSPEX solution has defined a reference virtual machine to represent a measure unit. By comparing your actual customer usage to this reference workload, you can extrapolate which reference architecture to choose. For VSPEX solutions, the reference virtual machine defines a unit of measure for compute resources in the VSPEX virtual infrastructure. This reference virtual machine has the characteristics shown in Table 3. Table 3. Reference virtual machine—characteristics Characteristic Value Virtual processors per virtual machine 1 RAM per virtual machine 2 GB Available storage capacity per virtual machine 100 GB Input/output operations per second (IOPS) per virtual machine 25 I/O pattern Random I/O read:write ratio 2:1 For more information about a reference virtual machine and its characteristics, refer to the relevant documents listed in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures section. EMC NextGeneration VNX Features and enhancements The EMC VNX flash-optimized unified storage platform delivers innovation and enterprise capabilities for file, block, and object storage in a single, scalable, and easy-to-use solution. Ideal for mixed workloads in physical or virtual environments, VNX combines powerful and flexible hardware with advanced efficiency, management, and protection software to meet the demanding needs of today’s virtualized application environments. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 25 Chapter 3: Solution Overview VNX includes many features and enhancements designed and built upon the first generation’s success. These features and enhancements include: • More capacity with multicore optimization with Multicore Cache, Multicore RAID, and Multicore FAST Cache (MCx) • Greater efficiency with a flash-optimized hybrid array • Better protection by increasing application availability with an active/active array service processors • Easier administration and deployment by increasing productivity with the new Unisphere Management Suite VSPEX is built with the next generation of VNX to deliver even greater efficiency, performance, and scalability than ever before. Flash-optimized hybrid array VNX is a flash-optimized hybrid array that provides automated tiering to deliver the best performance to your critical data while intelligently moving less-frequently accessed data to lower-cost disks. In this hybrid approach, a small percentage of flash drives in the overall system can provide a high percentage of the overall IOPS. The flash-optimized VNX takes full advantage of the low latency of flash to deliver cost-saving optimization and highperformance scalability. The EMC Fully Automated Storage Tiering Suite (FAST Cache and FAST VP) tiers both block and file data across heterogeneous drives and boosts the most active data to cache, ensuring that customers never have to make concessions for cost or performance. Data generally is accessed most frequently at the time it is created, therefore new data is first stored on flash drives to provide the best performance. As that data ages and becomes less active over time, FAST VP tiers the data from high-performance to high-capacity drives automatically, based on customer-defined policies. This functionality has been enhanced with four times better granularity and with new FAST VP solid state disks (SSDs) based on enterprise multilevel cell (eMLC) technology to lower the cost per gigabyte. FAST Cache dynamically absorbs unpredicted spikes in system workloads. All VSPEX use cases benefit from the increased efficiency. VSPEX Proven Infrastructures deliver private cloud, end-user computing, and virtualized application solutions. With VNX, customers can achieve an even greater return on their investment. VNX provides out-of-band, block-based deduplication that can dramatically lower the costs of the flash tier. VNX Intel MCx Code Path Optimization The advent of flash technology has been a catalyst in totally changing the requirements of midrange storage systems. EMC redesigned the midrange storage platform to efficiently optimize multicore CPUs to provide the highest performing storage system at the lowest cost in the market. MCx distributes all VNX data services across all cores (up to 32), as shown in Figure 3. The VNX series with MCx has dramatically improved the file performance for 26 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 3: Solution Overview transactional applications like databases or virtual machines over network-attached storage (NAS). Figure 3. Next-Generation VNX with multicore optimization Multicore cache The cache is the most valuable asset in the storage subsystem; its efficient use is critical to the overall efficiency of the platform in handling variable and changing workloads. The cache engine has been modularized to take advantage of all the cores available in the system. Multicore RAID Another important part of the MCx redesign is the handling of I/O to the permanent back-end storage—hard disk drives (HDDs) and SSDs. Greatly increased performance improvements in VNX come from the modularization of the back-end data management processing, which enables MCx to seamlessly scale across all processors. VNX performance Performance enhancements VNX storage, enabled with the MCx architecture, is optimized for FLASH 1st and provides unprecedented overall performance, optimizing for transaction performance (cost per IOPS) and bandwidth performance (cost per GB/s) with low latency, and providing optimal capacity efficiency (cost per GB). VNX provides the following performance improvements: • Up to four times more file transactions when compared with dual controller arrays • Increased file performance for transactional applications by up to three times, with a 60 percent better response time • Up to four times more Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server OLTP transactions • Up to six times more virtual machines EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 27 Chapter 3: Solution Overview Active/active array service processors The new VNX architecture provides active/active array service processors, as shown in Figure 4. This eliminates application timeouts during path failover, since both paths are actively serving I/O. Figure 4. Active/active processors increase performance, resiliency, and efficiency Load balancing also has been improved and applications can achieve up to two times improvement in performance. Active/active for block is ideal for applications that require the highest levels of availability and performance but do not require tiering or efficiency services like compression, deduplication, or snapshot. With this VNX release, VSPEX customers can use Virtual Data Movers (VDMs) and EMC VNX Replicator to perform automated and high-speed file system migrations between systems. This process migrates all snaps and settings automatically, and enables the clients to continue operations during the migration. Note: The active/active processors are only available for classic logical unit numbers (LUNs), not for pool LUNs. Unisphere Management Suite The Unisphere Management Suite extends Unisphere’s easy-to-use interface to include VNX Monitoring and Reporting for validating performance and anticipating capacity requirements. As shown in Figure 5, the suite also includes Unisphere Remote for centrally managing up to thousands of VNX and VNXe systems with support for XtremSW Cache. 28 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 3: Solution Overview Figure 5. Unisphere Management Suite Virtualization management EMC Virtual Storage Integrator EMC Virtual Storage Integrator (VSI) is a no-charge plug-in for VMware vCenter that is available to all VMware users with EMC storage. VSPEX customers can use VSI to simplify management of virtualized storage. VMware administrators can gain visibility into their VNX storage using the same familiar vCenter interface to which they are accustomed. With VSI, IT administrators can do more work in less time. VSI offers unmatched access control that enables you to efficiently manage and delegate storage tasks with confidence. VSI enables customers to perform daily management tasks with up 90 percent fewer clicks and up to 10 times higher productivity. VMware vStorage APIs for Array Integration VMware vStorage APIs for Array Integration (VAAI) offloads VMware storage-related functions from the server to the storage system, enabling more efficient use of server and network resources for increased performance and consolidation. VMware vStorage APIs for Storage Awareness VMware vStorage APIs for Storage Awareness (VASA) is a VMware-defined API that displays storage information through vCenter. Integration between VASA technology and VNX makes storage management in a virtualized environment a seamless experience. EMC Storage Integrator EMC Storage Integrator (ESI) is targeted toward the Windows and Windows applications administrator. ESI is easy to use, delivers end-to end monitoring, and is hypervisor agnostic. Administrators can provision in both virtual and physical environments for a Windows platform and troubleshoot by viewing the topology of an application from the underlying hypervisor to the storage. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 29 Chapter 3: Solution Overview Microsoft Hyper-V With Windows Server 2012, Microsoft provides Hyper-V 3.0, an enhanced hypervisor for private cloud that can run on NAS protocols for simplified connectivity. Offloaded Data Transfer The Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX) feature of Microsoft Hyper-V enables data transfers during copy operations to be offloaded to the storage array, freeing up host cycles. For example, using ODX for a live migration of a SQL Server virtual machine doubled performance, decreased migration time by 50 percent, reduced CPU on the Hyper-V server by 20 percent, and eliminated network traffic. EMC VNXe The VNXe series is optimized for virtual applications delivering industry-leading innovation and enterprise capabilities for file, block, and object storage in a scalable, easy-to-use solution. The VNXe series is designed for the IT manager in smaller environments. VNXe features VNXe supports the following features: • Next-generation unified storage, optimized for virtualized applications • Capacity optimization features including compression, deduplication, thin provisioning, and application-centric copies • High availability, designed to deliver five 9s availability • Multiprotocol support for file and block • Simplified management with EMC Unisphere for a single management interface for all NAS, SAN, and replication needs VNXe software suites Table 4 lists the software suites that are available with VNXe. Table 4. 30 VNXe software suites Suite Features Local Protection Suite Increases productivity with snapshots of production data Remote Protection Suite Protects data against localized failures, outages, and disasters Application Protection Suite Automates application copies and proves compliance Security and Compliance Suite Keeps data safe from changes, deletions, and malicious activity EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 3: Solution Overview VNXe software packs available Table 5 lists the software packs that are available with VNXe. Table 5. EMC backup and recovery solutions VNXe software packs Pack Features VNXe3300 Total Protection Pack Includes the Local Protection Suite, Remote Protection Suite, and Application Protection Suite VNXe3150 Total Value Pack Includes the Remote Protection Suite, Application Protection Suite, and the Security and Compliance Suite EMC backup and recovery solutions—EMC Avamar and Data Domain—deliver the protection confidence needed to accelerate deployment of virtualized SQL Server. Optimized for virtualized application environments, EMC backup and recovery reduces backup times by 90 percent and increases recovery speeds by 30 times for worry-free protection. EMC backup appliances add another layer of assurance with end-to-end verification and self-healing for ensured recovery. For SQL Server, EMC backup delivers a full range of backup options to allow customers to meet the demanding needs of SQL DBA. EMC backup provides SQL AlwaysOn Availability Groups backup support and flexible, granular restores. And EMC backup provides the ability for DBAs to set backup policies within SQL Management Center Studio, enabling greater visibility and control. In addition, features like auto-discovery and auto-configuration for backup reduce complexity and save time while ensuring that critical data is always protected. EMC backup also delivers big savings. The deduplication solutions reduce backup storage by 10 to 30 times, backup management time by 81 percent, and bandwidth by 99 percent for efficient offsite replication—delivering a 7-month payback on average. Furthermore, for VMware-based VSPEX deployments with up to 50 virtual machines, VSPEX offers VMware vSphere Data Protection (VDP) Advanced for SQL Server. VDP Advanced is powered by EMC Avamar technology, so you get the benefits of Avamar's fast, efficient, image-level backup and recovery combined with a SQL-specific plugin that simplifies protection of your SQL Server environment. For full technical guidance, refer to SPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SharePoint Design and Implementation Guide. This guide describes how to design, size, and implement EMC backup and recovery solutions for VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server. VMware vSphere 5.1 VMware vSphere 5.1 transforms a computer’s physical resources by virtualizing the CPU, RAM, hard disk, and network controller. This transformation creates fully functional virtual machines that run isolated and encapsulated operating systems and applications just like physical computers. VMware High Availability (HA) provides easy-to-use, cost-effective high availability for applications running in virtual machines. The VMware vSphere vMotion and VMware vSphere Storage vMotion features of vSphere 5.1 enable the seamless migration of EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 31 Chapter 3: Solution Overview virtual machines and stored files from one vSphere server to another, with minimal or no performance impact. Coupled with VMware vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) and VMware vSphere Storage DRS, virtual machines have access to the appropriate resources at any point in time through load balancing of compute and storage resources. Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V provides a complete virtualization platform, which offers increased scalability and performance with a flexible solution Server 2012 with from the data center to the cloud. It makes it easier for organizations to realize the Hyper-V cost savings from virtualization and to optimize server hardware investments. Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V high-availability options include incremental backup support, enhancements in clustered environments to support virtual adapters within the virtual machine, and inbox network interface card (NIC) teaming. In Hyper-V, “shared nothing” live migration enables the migration of a virtual machine from a server running Hyper-V to another one without the need for both of them to be in the same cluster or to share storage. EMC XtremSW Cache If your customer has special performance requirements on SQL Server, consider using EMC XtremSW Cache as a solution. EMC XtremSW Cache (formerly known as EMC VFCache) is intelligent caching software that uses server-based flash technology to reduce latency and accelerate throughput for dramatic application performance improvement. XtremSW Cache accelerates reads and protects data by using a writethrough cache to the networked storage to deliver persistent high availability, integrity, and disaster recovery. XtremSW Cache, coupled with array-based EMC FAST software, creates the most efficient and intelligent I/O path from the application to the data store. The result is a networked infrastructure that is dynamically optimized for performance, intelligence, and protection for both physical and virtual environments. EMC PowerPath/VE EMC PowerPath/VE provides intelligent, high-performance path management with path failover and load balancing optimized for EMC and selected third-party storage systems. PowerPath/VE supports multiple paths between a vSphere host and an external storage device. Having multiple paths enables the vSphere host to access a storage device, even if a specific path is unavailable. Multiple paths can also share the I/O traffic to a storage device. PowerPath/VE is particularly beneficial in highly available environments because it can prevent operational interruptions and downtime. The PowerPath/VE path failover capability avoids host failure by maintaining uninterrupted application support on the host in the event of a path failure (if another path is available). PowerPath/VE works with VMware ESXi as a Multipath Plug-in (MPP) that provides path management to hosts. It is installed as a kernel module on the vSphere host. It plugs into the vSphere I/O stack framework to bring the advanced multipathing capabilities of PowerPath/VE, including dynamic load balancing and automatic failover, to the vSphere hosts. 32 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Chapter 4 Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure This chapter presents the following topics: Overview ............................................................................................................... 34 Step 1: Evaluate the customer use case ................................................................. 34 Step 2: Design the application architecture............................................................ 35 Step 3: Choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure ............................................ 38 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 33 Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Overview This chapter describes how to design the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server and how to choose the right VSPEX solution to meet your requirements. Table 6 outlines the main steps you need to complete when selecting a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. Table 6. VSPEX Proven Infrastructure selection steps Step Action 1 Evaluate the customer SQL Server workload by using the VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server qualification worksheet, based on the business requirement. See Step 1: Evaluate the customer use case. 2 Determine the required infrastructure, SQL Server resources, and architecture using the VSPEX Sizing Tool. See Step 2: Design the application architecture. Note: If the VXPEX Sizing Tool is not available, you can manually size the application using the sizing guidelines in Appendix B. 3 Choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, based on the recommendations provided in step 2. See Step 3: Choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. Step 1: Evaluate the customer use case 34 Overview Before deploying VSPEX for virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012, gather and understand the infrastructure requirements, limitations, and estimated workload to design the SQL Server environment properly. To better understand the customer’s business requirements for the VSPEX infrastructure design, EMC strongly recommends that you use the VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server qualification worksheet when evaluating the workload requirements for the VSPEX solution. VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server qualification worksheet The VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server 2012 qualification worksheet in Appendix A presents a list of simple questions to help identify customer requirements, usage characteristics, and dataset. Table 7 provides a detailed explanation of the questionnaire and general guidance on how to determine the input values. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Table 7. VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server 2012 qualification worksheet guidelines Question Description Do you have an existing SQL Server database that you would like to size for in the environment? Choose Yes if the customer already has a SQL Server database and understands the characteristics that are going to migrate to VSPEX Private Cloud in the VSPEX environment. Otherwise, choose No. How many databases do you want to deploy? Enter the database number that the customer expects to deploy in the VSPEX environment. What is the size of user database (GB)? Enter the database size that the customer expects to have in the VSPEX environment. What is the annual growth rate (%)? Future growth is a key characteristic of the VSPEX solution. This value is the expected annual growth rate of user database in three years. Enter a number that is appropriate for customer’s environment. Do you intend to use FAST VP? FAST VP aggressively reduces TCO and increases performance. A target workload that requires a large number of Performance Tier drives can be serviced with a mix of tiers and a much lower drive count. Using FAST VP instead of a homogeneous drive deployment has proven highly effective for a number of applications, including OLTP tests with Microsoft SQL Server, lowering capital expenditures, reducing power and cooling costs, and increasing performance. What is the maximum number of IOPS? Understanding the maximum number of IOPS of SQL databases can help to prevent potential storage performance issues. If the customer can estimate the IOPS at peak loads in the environment, enter that number. What is the expected transactions per second (TPS) at peak loads (optional question)? The TPS is a key characteristic of the user database. If the customer can estimate the TPS at peak loads in the environment, enter that number. What is the required tempdb size (optional question)? If the customer cannot estimate the space requirement of tempdb, this question can be skipped. Step 2: Design the application architecture VSPEX Sizing Tool Principles and guidelines In this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure solution, we defined a representative customer reference workload to be sized. The VSPEX Proven Infrastructure reference architectures create a pool of resources that are sufficient to host a target number of reference virtual machines with the characteristics shown in Table 3. For more information about a reference virtual machine and its characteristics, refer to the relevant documents listed in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures section. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 35 Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure VSPEX Sizing Tool output: Requirements and recommendations The VSPEX Sizing Tool enables you to put a database configuration from the customer’s answers into the qualification worksheet. For more information about the Sizing Tool, refer to the VSPEX Sizing Tool portal. After you complete the inputs to the VSPEX Sizing Tool, the tool generates a series of recommendations, as listed in Table 8. Table 8. VSPEX Sizing Tool output Type Description Reference vCPU Number of vCPUs to configure for each SQL Server virtual machine Reference virtual machine best practices for SQL Server Memory Amount of memory recommended for each SQL Server virtual machine Reference virtual machine best practices for SQL Server Storage layout for SQL Server databases Suggested user database pool configuration on VNX or VNXe Storage layout and design considerations Total reference virtual machine Total reference virtual machines required in the virtual infrastructure for all the SQL databases N/A For more information, see the examples in Step 3: Choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. Reference virtual machine best practices for SQL Server The VSPEX Sizing Tool provides detailed best practice recommendations for sizing the reference virtual machine based on the following basic resource types for each SQL Server machine: • vCPU resources • Memory resources • Operating system (OS) capacity resources • OS IOPS This section describes the resource types, how they are used in the VSPEX Sizing Tool, and key considerations and best practices for a customer environment. • vCPU resources best practices The calculator provides the vCPU of the reference virtual machine measurement unit consumed for each SQL Server instance from the virtual infrastructure. The CPU type must meet or exceed the defined CPU or processor models as defined in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures. We validated this VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server solution with a statically assigned processor and no virtual-to-physical CPU oversubscription. In SQL Server deployments, EMC recommends the following: 36 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Enable hardware-assisted virtualization for CPU and hardware-assisted virtualization for Memory Management Unit (MMU) at the BIOS level if the processors support those functions. Maintain a 1:1 ratio of physical cores to vCPUs for business-critical or tier-1 workloads. Extend the Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) architecture to the guest OS while keeping the NUMA node size in mind when sizing virtual machines, because SQL Server automatically detects NUMA architecture. The vCPU allocated to the SQL Server virtual machine should not be larger than the number of cores in each physical NUMA node, so that all memory access will be local to that NUMA node. This provides the lowest memory access latencies. • Memory resources best practices The VSPEX Sizing Tool shows the recommended memory for the reference virtual machine measurement unit for each SQL Server instance. We validated this VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server solution with statically assigned memory, no over-commitment of memory resources, and no memory swapping or ballooning. The memory values provided in the tool are not hard limits but represent the value that was tested in the VSPEX solution. For most production SQL Server deployments, EMC recommends that you allocate at least 8 GB of memory to the SQL Server virtual machine and reserve at least 2 GB for the OS. To avoid accessing remote memory in a NUMA-aware environment, EMC recommends that you size a SQL Server virtual machine's memory with less than the amount available per NUMA node. For information about the SQL Server memory recommendations in this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, refer to the Virtualization design considerations. • OS capacity resources best practices The VSPEX Sizing Tool shows the recommended capacity of the reference virtual machine measurement unit suggested for the operating system for each SQL Server instance. EMC recommends that you put the OS volume into the VSPEX private cloud pool, as described in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure documentation. For more information about the VSPEX private cloud pool, see the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures section. For small- and medium-sized SQL Server deployments, EMC recommends that you allocate 100 GB of disk space for the OS. • OS IOPS best practices The calculator logic used in the VSPEX Sizing Tool recommends the estimated IOPS of the reference virtual machine measurement unit suggested for each SQL Server in the OS. We assume that the read/write ratio is around 9:1, which represents a typical OLTP load. EMC recommends that you put the OS volume into the VSPEX private cloud pool. For more information, see the examples in the section Step 3: Choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 37 Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Additional considerations The VSPEX Sizing Tool also allows you to consider the future data growth, which must be planned for so that the environment can continue to deliver an effective business solution. To maintain performance targets and accommodate growth, the VSPEX Sizing Tool enables customers to select from one to three years’ growth. The cost of overinvestment in hardware is usually far less than the cumulative expense of troubleshooting problems caused by undersizing. Step 3: Choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Considerations The VSPEX program has produced numerous solutions designed to simplify the deployment of a consolidated virtual infrastructure using vSphere, Hyper-V, the VNX and VNXe series of products, and EMC backup and recovery. When you have confirmed the application architecture using the VSPEX Sizing Tool, you can choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure based on the calculated results. Note: While this Design Guide is intended for SQL Server requirements, SQL Server may not be the only application deployed on the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. You must carefully take into account the requirements for each application you plan to deploy. If you are uncertain about the best VSPEX Proven Infrastructure to deploy, consult EMC before making the decision. Follow the steps shown in Table 9 when choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. Table 9. VSPEX Proven Infrastructure: Selection steps Step Action 1 Use the VSPEX Sizing Tool to get the total number of reference virtual machines and any additional suggested storage layout for SQL Server. 2 Use the VSPEX Sizing Tool to design the resource requirements for other applications, based on business needs. The VSPEX Sizing Tool calculates the total number of required reference virtual machines and additional recommended storage layouts for both SQL Server and other applications. 3 Discuss with your customers the maximum utilization of VSPEX Proven Infrastructure that meets their business requirements—this is the maximum utilization for both SQL Server and other applications. Put the maximum utilization percentage of the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure into the VSPEX Sizing Tool. The tool provides a minimum recommendation for the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure offering. 4 Select your network vendor and hypervisor software vendor for the recommended VSPEX Proven Infrastructure offering. For more information, visit the EMC VSPEX website. For more information about the required reference virtual machines, refer to the relevant sizing section in the appropriate VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Guide. Examples 38 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Overview This section describes the following three scenarios and how to select the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for each one: • A small-sized SQL Server 2012 OLTP instance with a single user database • A medium-sized SQL Server 2012 OLTP instance with a single user database • A medium-sized SQL Server 2012 OLTP instance with multiple user databases Example 1: Small-sized SQL Server OLTP instance with a single user database In this scenario, a customer would like to create a small-sized SQL Server 2012 OLTP instance on a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. The customer has a 50 GB user database. The expected number of transactions per second (TPS) on the database is 200, and the expected IOPS is 525. The customer would like to use at most 75 percent of the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for combined applications. After talking to the customer, complete the qualification worksheet for the production SQL Server 2012 database, as shown in Table 10. Table 10. Example of qualification worksheet: Small-sized SQL Server OLTP instance Question Answer Do you have an existing SQL Server database that you would like to size for in the environment? Yes How many databases do you want to deploy? 1 What is the size of user database (GB)? 50 What is the annual growth rate (%)? 30 Do you intend to use FAST VP? No What is the maximum number of IOPS? 525 What is the TPS at peak loads (optional question)? 200 What is the required tempdb size (optional question)? N/A After you put the answers from the qualification worksheet into the VSPEX Sizing Tool, the tool generates a series of recommendations for the resources needed from the VSPEX private cloud pool, as shown in Table 11. In this case, therefore, implementing this small-sized SQL Server OLTP instance on a VSPEX private cloud pool would consume the resources of four reference virtual machines, which is the maximum of the required reference virtual machines for the compute resources. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 39 Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Table 11. Example of required resources: Small-sized SQL Server OLTP instance OS volume capacity OS volume 8 GB Less than 100 GB Less than 25 IOPS 4 1 1 SQL Server vCPUs Memory SQL Server Resource requirement 2 Equivalent reference virtual machines 2 Total referenc e virtual machine s 4 Note: In this guide, we used the resources shown in Table 11 for the small-sized SQL Server user database. The values of individual resources (CPU, memory, capacity, and IOPS) are rounded up to the closest whole number, to determine the equivalent reference virtual machines required for each SQL Server instance. For example, the SQL Server instance for the medium-sized user database requires two vCPUs, 8 GB of memory, 100 GB of storage, and 25 IOPS. This translates to: • Two reference virtual machines for the CPU requirement • Four reference virtual machines for the memory requirement • One reference virtual machine for the capacity requirement • One reference virtual machine for the IOPS requirement We should use the maximum reference virtual machines to support the performance requirement; therefore, the recommended reference virtual machine number should be four for the designed SQL Server instance, multiplied by the number of virtual machines needed (one in this example), which results in four reference virtual machines in total. For more details about how to determine the equivalent reference virtual machines, refer to the appropriate document in Essential reading. The VSPEX Sizing Tool also lists recommendations for the storage layout, as shown in Table 12. Table 12. Example of SQL Server details in VSPEX Sizing Tool VSPEX configuration recommendations (total reference virtual machines) 4 Recommended additional storage layout for SQL databases 40 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure VSPEX configuration recommendations (total reference virtual machines) VSPEX private cloud pool name RAID type Disk type Disk capacity No. of disks SQL Server user database data pool RAID 5 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 10 SQL Server OLTP database log and tempdb pool RAID 10 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 6 The suggested storage layout is in addition to the VSPEX private cloud pool, as shown in Figure 6. For more information, see Principles and guidelines in the VSPEX Sizing Tool section. Figure 6. Storage layout and LUN design In this example, SQL Server is the only component planned for deployment on this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. The VSPEX Sizing Tool recommends a VSPEX Private Cloud for up to 100 reference virtual machines as the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure that best fits the customer’s requirements. For more details, refer to these Proven Infrastructure Guides: • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 100 virtual machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 100 virtual machines Implementing this small-sized SQL Server OLTP instance on a pool for 100 reference virtual machines consumes the resources of four reference virtual machines and leaves resources for 96 reference virtual machines for other applications. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 41 Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Note: This is not a hard limit; you can select a larger VSPEX Proven Infrastructure if requirements from multiple applications make it necessary. In the Implementation Guide, we used Microsoft Hyper-V for 50 virtual machines as a VSPEX solution example. For more information, refer to the documents listed in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures section. Example 2: Medium-sized SQL Server OLTP instance with a single user database In this scenario, a customer would like to create a medium-sized SQL Server 2012 OLTP instance on a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. The customer has a 250 GB database. The expected TPS is 1,400, while the expected IOPS is 4,000. The customer also planned for other applications, such as Microsoft Exchange and SharePoint Server, in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, with a total of 180 reference virtual machines required for the combined applications—these applications are outside the scope of this Design Guide. In addition, the customer would like to use at most 75 percent of the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for combined applications. After talking to the customer, complete the VSPEX qualification worksheet for the production SQL Server 2012 database, as shown in Table 13. Table 13. Example of qualification worksheet: Medium-sized SQL Server user database Question Answer Do you have an existing SQL Server database that you would like to size for in the environment? Yes How many databases do you want to deploy? 1 What is the size of user database (GB)? 250 What is the annual growth rate (%)? 10 Do you intend to use FAST VP? Yes What is the maximum number of IOPS? 4,000 What is the TPS at peak loads (optional question)? 1,400 What is the required tempdb size (optional question)? N/A After putting the answers from the qualification worksheet into the VSPEX Sizing Tool, the tool generates a series of recommendations for the resources needed from the VSPEX private cloud pool, as shown in Table 14. Table 14. Example of required resources: Medium-sized SQL Server OLTP instance SQL Server SQL Server 42 vCPUs Memory OS volume capacity OS volume Total reference virtual machines Resource requirement 4 16 GB Less than 100 GB Less than 25 IOPS 8 Equivalent reference virtual machines 4 8 1 1 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure The VSPEX Sizing Tool also lists recommendations for the storage layout, as shown in Table 15. In this case, therefore, implementing this medium-sized SQL Server OLTP instance on a VSPEX private cloud pool would consume the resources of eight reference virtual machines. The suggested storage layout is in addition to the VSPEX private cloud pool. For more information, see Principles and guidelines in the VSPEX Sizing Tool section. Table 15. Example of summary: Medium-sized SQL Server user database in VSPEX Sizing Tool VSPEX configuration recommendations (total reference virtual machines) 8 Recommended additional storage layout for SQL databases VSPEX private cloud pool name RAID type Disk type Disk capacity No. of disks SQL Server OLTP database data pool RAID 5 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 10 RAID 1 FAST VP solid state drives 100 GB 2 RAID 10 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 4 SQL Server OLTP log and tempdb pool Because SQL Server is not the only application that the customer needs to plan for in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, EMC recommends using the VSPEX Sizing Tool to design the combined applications workload that has the best fit with the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure offering. Because the total combined applications required 180 reference virtual machines and the customer requested at most 75 percent utilization of the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, the VSPEX Sizing Tool recommends a VSPEX Private Cloud for up to 300 reference virtual machines as the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure that best fits the customer’s requirements. For more details, refer to these Proven Infrastructure Guides: • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines The suggested storage layout for the SQL Server database is in addition to the VSPEX private cloud pool. For more information, see Principles and guidelines in the VSPEX Sizing Tool section. Example 3: Medium-sized SQL Server OLTP instance with multiple databases In this scenario, a customer would like to create several user databases on a SQL Server 2012 OLTP instance on a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. The customer has three user databases. Table 16 lists the database size and expected TPS and IOPS. The customer also planned for other applications, such as Microsoft Exchange and SharePoint Server, in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, with a total of 250 reference virtual machines required for the combined applications—these applications are EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 43 Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure outside the scope of this Design Guide. In addition, the customer would like to use at most 75 percent of the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for combined applications. Table 16. Example of user profiles: User database requirements Database profile Maximum DB size (GB) Maximum IOPS TPS at peak load (optional) db1 500 1,500 500 db2 250 700 300 db3 250 100 30 After talking to the customer, complete the qualification worksheet for each production SQL Server 2012 database, as shown in Table 17. Table 17. Example of qualification worksheet: SQL Server OLTP instance with multiple user databases Question Answer Do you have an existing SQL Server database that you would like to size for in the environment? Yes How many databases do you want to deploy? 3 What is the size of user database (GB)? 500/250/250 What is the annual growth rate (%)? 30 Do you intend to use FAST VP? Yes What is the maximum number of IOPS? 1,500/700/100 What is the TPS at peak loads (optional question)? 500/300/30 What is the required tempdb size (optional question)? N/A After you put the answers from the qualification worksheet into the VSPEX Sizing Tool, the tool generates a series of recommendations for the resources needed from the resource pool, as shown in Table 18. Table 18. Example of required resources: SQL Server OLTP instance with multiple user databases vCPUs Memory OS volume capacity OS volume IOPS Total reference virtual machines Resource requirement 16 64 GB Less than 100 GB Less than 25 32 Equivalent reference virtual machines 16 32 1 1 SQL Server SQL Server 44 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure The VSPEX Sizing Tool also lists recommendations for the storage layout, as shown in Table 19. In this case, therefore, implementing this SQL Server on a VSPEX private cloud pool would consume the resources of 32 reference virtual machines. The suggested storage layout is in addition to the VSPEX private cloud pool. For more information, see Principles and guidelines in the VSPEX Sizing Tool section. Table 19. Example of SQL Server details in VSPEX Sizing Tool VSPEX configuration recommendations (total reference virtual machines) 32 Recommended additional storage layout for SQL databases VSPEX private cloud pool name RAID type Disk type Disk capacity No. of disks SQL Server OLTP database data pool RAID 5 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 10 RAID 1 FAST VP solid state drives 200 GB 2 RAID 10 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 4 SQL Server OLTP database log and tempdb pool Combined applications are planned for deployment on this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. The VSPEX Sizing Tool recommends a VSPEX Private Cloud for up to 600 reference virtual machines as the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure that best fits the customer’s requirements. For more details, refer to these Proven Infrastructure Guides: • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 1,000 virtual machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 1,000 virtual machines EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 45 Chapter 4: Choosing a VSPEX Proven Infrastructure 46 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Chapter 5 Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices This chapter presents the following topics: Overview ............................................................................................................... 48 Network design considerations .............................................................................. 48 Storage layout and design considerations ............................................................. 49 Virtualization design considerations ...................................................................... 58 Application design considerations ......................................................................... 60 Backup and recovery design considerations ........................................................... 62 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 47 Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Overview This chapter provides best practices and considerations for the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for the virtualized SQL Server solution. We considered the following aspects during the solution design: • Network design • Storage layout design • Virtualization design • Application design For information on design considerations and best practices for EMC backup and recovery solutions for your SQL Server environment, refer to SPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SharePoint Design and Implementation Guide. Network design considerations Overview Networking in the virtual world follows the same concepts as in the physical world, but some of these concepts are applied in the software instead of through the use of physical cables and switches. Although many of the best practices that apply in the physical world continue to apply in the virtual world, additional considerations apply for traffic segmentation, availability and throughput. The advanced networking features of the VNXe and VNX series provide protection against network connection failures at the array. Meanwhile, each hypervisor host has multiple connections to user and storage Ethernet networks to guard against link failures. These connections should be spread across multiple Ethernet switches to guard against component failure in the network. The network connection for the boot volume of the VSPEX virtualized SQL Server can be FC, FCoE, and iSCSI for NFS and CIFS on VNX, and iSCSI for CIFS and NFS on VNXe. For more information, refer to the documents listed in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures section. To bring SQL Server into your VSPEX infrastructure on VNX or VNXe, you must set up additional iSCSI connections for the SQL Server database, log, and tempdb files to be stored on the VNX iSCSI storage. For more information, refer to the documents listed in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures section. Network design best practices In this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server, EMC recommends that you consider the following aspects for network design: • Separate different network traffic Separate the virtual machine, storage, management, vSphere vMotion, or Microsoft Windows Hyper-V Live Migration network traffic and heartbeat using VLAN segmentation. • 48 Set up network redundancy EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices A goal of redundant topologies is to eliminate network downtime caused by a single point of failure. All networks need redundancy for enhanced reliability. Network reliability is achieved through reliable equipment and network designs that are tolerant to failures and faults. Networks should be designed to recover rapidly so that the fault is bypassed. In this solution, we have two network switches, and all three networks have their own redundant links. • Use NIC teaming Aggregate multiple network connections in parallel to increase the throughput beyond what a single connection can sustain and to provide redundancy in case one of the links fails. For example, in the VMware virtualization environment, use two physical NICs per vSwitch and uplink the physical NICs to separate physical switches. For the NIC teaming settings, best practice is to select “no” for the NIC teaming failback option. In case of some intermittent behavior in the network, this setting will prevent flip-flopping of the NIC cards being used. When setting up VMware high availability (VMware HA), a good starting point also is to set the following ESX Server timeouts and settings under the ESX Server Advanced Settings tab: NFS.HeartbeatFrequency = 12 NFS.HeartbeatTimeout = 5 NFS.HeartbeatMaxFailures = 10 For more NIC teaming best practices for VMware vSphere, refer to Best Practices for running VMware vSphere on Network Attached Storage. For the NIC teaming configuration of Windows 2012 in a Hyper-V virtualized environment, refer to the Microsoft TechNet topic NIC Teaming Overview. Note: If you are using iSCSI connections, we strongly recommend that you do not use NIC teaming. For other best practices in network design for the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, refer to the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Guide. Storage layout and design considerations Overview The best practices and design considerations in this section provide guidelines for effectively planning storage for various business requirements in SQL Server 2012 environments. Figure 7 shows the high-level architecture of the SQL Server components and storage elements validated in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server on a vSphere virtualization platform. All the SQL Server volumes are stored in Virtual Machine Disk (VMDK) format in a VMware virtualized environment. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 49 Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Figure 7. SQL Server storage elements on VMware vSphere 5.1 platform In addition to the VSPEX private cloud pool for virtual machines, EMC recommends that you use the two additional VSPEX private cloud pools to store SQL Server data for different purposes. For more information, see Table 20. Table 20. SQL Server storage pools Pool name Purpose RAID recommendation VSPEX private cloud pool The private cloud pool where all the virtual machines reside. For details, refer to the appropriate VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Guide. Mixed pool including RAID 5 with SAS disks and RAID 10 with FAST VP SSD SQL Server data pool The SQL Server data pool to serve the data LUNs for user databases. RAID 5 with SAS disks, or a mixed pool SQL Server log and tempdb pool The SQL Server log and tempdb pool to serve the log and tempdb LUNs for user databases. RAID 10 with SAS disks Figure 8 shows the high-level architecture of the SQL Server components and storage elements validated in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for SQL Server on a Microsoft Window Server 2012 Hyper-V virtualization platform. 50 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Figure 8. SQL Server storage elements on Hyper-V platform All the SQL Server volumes are stored in the new Hyper-V Virtual Hard Disk Format (VHDX) on the cluster-shared volume (CSV). For more information on additional VSPEX private cloud pools to use for storing SQL Server data, see Table 20. Storage design EMC recommends implementing the following storage design best practices. Application storage pool design In this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server, consider the following best practices for application storage layout and design. • SQL Server user database data pool: Use RAID 5 for the SQL Server data pool, unless the user database has an unusually high write ratio, which is over 30 percent. This pool consists of all the SQL Server user databases. Use RAID 5 SAS drives for a balance of performance and capacity. In our VSPEX Sizing Tool, the number of disks in each pool is calculated to meet both capacity and IOPS requirements. Add FAST VP SSDs to provide best performance for OLTP workloads with higher numbers of random reads. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 51 Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices • Use thin LUNs to store SQL Server data to improve the storage efficiency. After FAST VP SSDs are added, thin LUN metadata is promoted to the extreme performance tier to boost the performance. SQL Server log and tempdb pool: Use RAID 10 for the SQL Server log pool. This pool consists of all the log and tempdb LUNs for the user databases. Use SAS disks for both performance and capacity considerations. In our VSPEX Sizing Tool, the number of disks for each pool is calculated to meet both capacity and IOPS requirements. Do not enable FAST VP on the log pool. FAST VP SSDs do not outperform SAS drives for sequential writes. Use thin LUNs for the SQL Server log and tempdb pool to improve storage efficiency. For more information about best practices for the tempdb database, see SQL Server database settings in the Application design considerations section. OS storage design In this solution, OS LUNs were created and provisioned by VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. For best practices about OS storage design, refer to the VSPEX Proven Infrastructures Guide. OS LUN format unit Use 64 KB of the file allocation unit size (cluster size) for the SQL Server volumes. Cluster size is determined when the partition is formatted by the OS or user. For the best performance, EMC recommends using 64 KB for SQL databases. For more information, refer to the topic Disk Partition Alignment Best Practices for SQL Server in the MSDN Library. Component design Usage patterns and workloads on SQL Server can vary greatly. This guide is designed for typical deployments, as described by Microsoft and experienced by EMC. However, best practices some highly active SQL Server environments may demand additional storage performance requirements to meet or exceed customer-driven response-time SLAs and to continue to provide the best user experience. As SQL Server has various application scenarios, it can be difficult to manually analyze and provision storage designs, and to continue to meet those ever-changing requirements. EMC provides the following components to accelerate the OLTP performance dynamically and automatically: • FAST Suite (includes FAST Cache and FAST VP) • XtremSW Cache The following sections introduce the best practices for these additional components. 52 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices FAST Suite The EMC FAST Suite— FAST VP and FAST Cache—provides two key technologies, available on the VNX series, that enable extreme performance in an automated fashion, when and where needed. FAST technology is an available option in VSPEX Proven Infrastructures. The VSPEX Proven Infrastructures Guides provide more information on FAST Suite for VSPEX Proven Infrastructures. Enabling FAST Cache or FAST VP is a transparent operation to SQL Server and requires no reconfiguration or downtime. To make the best use of either of the FAST technologies, first enable FAST VP on the SQL Server data storage pool by adding additional flash disks as an extreme performance tier into the SQL Server data pool. When using FAST VP, set the FAST policy for the participating pool LUNs to Start High then Auto-Tier (Recommended). If FAST technology is enabled on the SQL Server user database data pool, the data LUN latency and tempdb LUN latencies will improve to aid the SQL Server user experience. For more information about FAST Suite design best practices, refer to EMC VNX Unified Best Practices for Performance: Applied Best Practices Guide. FAST Cache design best practices By using flash drives in the array as an extended read-and-write cache, FAST Cache increases IOPS and dramatically decreases database response times compared to a high-cost, all-SAS configuration. EMC allows caches from SAS tiers or Near-line Serial Attached SCSI (NL-SAS) tiers to FAST Cache SSDs at page granularity of 64 KB. Flash drives for FAST Cache design When using SSDs as FAST Cache, place all SSDs (up to eight drives) in enclosure 0_0. If you have more than eight drives, consider the following: Spread FAST Cache SSDs across all available buses. Mirror drives within one enclosure, to avoid mirroring across enclosure 0_0. Design considerations FAST Cache is best for small random I/O where data has skew. (The workload skew defines an asymmetry in data usage over time, which means that a small percentage of the data on the array may be servicing the majority of the workload on the array.) The higher the locality is, the better the FAST Cache benefits. EMC recommends that you use the available FAST Cache SSDs first for FAST Cache, which can globally benefit all LUNs in the storage system, and then supplement performance as needed with additional flash drives in the storage pool tiers. Preferred application workloads for FAST Cache are as follows: • Small-block random I/O applications with high locality • High frequency of access to the same data • Systems where current performance is limited by HDD capability, not storage processor (SP) capability • Enabled advanced snapshots in the storage pools EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 53 Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Avoid enabling FAST Cache for LUNs that are not expected to benefit, such as when: • The primary workload is sequential. • The primary workload is large-block I/O. Avoid enabling FAST Cache for LUNs where the workload is small-block sequential, including: • Database logs • Circular logs Enabling FAST Cache on a running system FAST Cache can improve overall system performance if the current bottleneck is driverelated. However, boosting the IOPS will result in an increase in CPU utilization on the VNX SPs. Systems should be sized so that the maximum sustained utilization is 70 percent. Use Unisphere to check the SP CPU utilization and then proceed as follows: • SP CPU utilization less than 60 percent—Enable groups of LUNs or one pool at a time until they are equalized in the cache. Ensure that the SP CPU utilization is still acceptable before turning on FAST Cache for more LUNs/pools. • SP CPU utilization of 60 to 80 percent—Scale in carefully. Enable FAST Cache on one or two LUNs at a time, and verify that the SP CPU utilization does not go above 80 percent. • SP CPU utilization greater than 80 percent—Do not activate FAST Cache. Avoid enabling FAST Cache for a group of LUNs where the aggregate LUN capacity exceeds 20 times the total FAST Cache capacity. Enable FAST Cache on a subset of the LUNs first, and allow the LUNs to be equalized before adding the other LUNs. Note: For storage pools, FAST Cache is a pool-wide feature so you have to enable/disable at the pool level (for all LUNs in the pool). FAST VP design best practices In VNX, FAST VP allows for the movement of SQL data automatically between FAST VP SSDs. SAS tiers with a slice granularity of 256 MB help to reduce the response time dramatically and improve SQL OLTP performance with a lower cost. To make the best use of either of the FAST technologies, EMC recommends that you first enable FAST VP on the user database storage pool. Flash drives for extreme-performance FAST VP tier Adding additional FAST VP SSDs as an extreme performance tier into the SQL Server data pool enables FAST VP to adapt automatically to changes with business cycles. When using FAST VP SSDs as a FAST VP tier, consider the following best practices: 54 • Spread FAST VP SSDs across all available buses. • Avoid using enclosure 0_0. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices For further information, refer to the best practices in the white paper EMC FAST VP for Unified Storage Systems. Pool capacity utilization Maintain some unallocated capacity within the pool to help with relocation schedules when using FAST VP. Relocation will reclaim 10 percent free per tier. This space will be used to optimize relocation operations but also helps when new LUNs that want to use the higher tiers are being created. Maintaining unallocated capacity within the pool is not a requirement; however, doing so does not result in lost capacity. Relocation • Schedule relocations for off-hours, so that the primary workload does not contend with the relocation activity. • Enable FAST VP on a pool, even if the pool has only one tier, to provide ongoing load balancing of LUNs across available drives. Considerations for VNX for file By default, a VNX for file system-defined storage pool is created for every VNX for block storage pool that contains LUNs available to file. (This is a mapped storage pool.) • Assign the same FAST VP tiering policy to all LUNs in a given file storage pool. • Create a user-defined storage pool to separate the file LUNs from the same block storage pools that have different tiering policies. • Leverage the Continuous Availability feature when planning with storage availability in mind for business-critical SQL Server instances. XtremSW Cache XtremSW Cache can use a host-based PCIe card as the host-side storage cache. Along with SAN storage, XtremSW Cache can dramatically reduce the I/O latency and improve the OLTP performance while keeping the advantage of SAN storage. XtremSW Cache performance considerations and best practices EMC XtremSW Cache is a server flash solution that reduces latency and increases throughput to dramatically improve application performance. XtremSW Cache can be used as a server-side caching solution to accelerate block I/O reads. Combining with the SAN storage, XtremSW Cache software can use a write-through cache to deliver dynamic optimization for performance, intelligence, and protection in both physical and virtual environments. Consider the following best practices when deploying XtremSW Cache in a virtualized environment: • XtremSW Cache is most effective for workloads with a 70 percent or higher read-write ratio and small random I/O (8 KB is ideal). EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 55 Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices • By default, data larger than 64 KB is passed through to the disk and not cached. This size is correct for most applications. For some applications, however, caching is made more effective by enabling data up to 128 KB to be cached. Use the vfcmt command line or GUI to set the maximum I/O size to be cached by XtremSW Cache. For more information, refer to VFCache Installation and Administration Guide 1.5.1. XtremSW Cache in Hyper-V When installing XtremSW Cache in the Hyper-V environment, pay attention to the following details: • The XtremSW Cache card and driver, as well as the XtremSW Cache software, are installed on the Hyper-V host machine. As a result: Virtual disks can be defined either before or after the LUN is configured as a source device. All virtual disks allocated on a LUN source device will be accelerated. • The installation procedure is identical to the procedure for Windows. • Microsoft CSV is not supported by the current released version of XtremSW Cache (1.5.1). Therefore, the LUNs to be accelerated cannot be CSV LUNs in the Hyper-V cluster, but the clustered volumes in Hyper-V can be supported. For more information, refer to EMC VFCache Installation and Administration Guide 1.5.1. XtremSW Cache in VMware When installing XtremSW Cache in the VMware environment, pay attention to the following details: Storage layout examples • XtremSW Cache can be enabled to use disks for server-based storage. To enable this split card functionality, you must disable the interrupt mapping on your ESX host. For more information, refer to VFCache Installation Guide for VMware 1.5. • Follow the VFCache installation instructions to configure the components in a VMware environment. For detailed information, refer to VFCache Installation Guide for VMware 1.5. This section provides two examples of storage layouts in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server—one for VNXe based on VSPEX private cloud and the other for VNX based on VSPEX private cloud. Both of these examples follow the best practices and design considerations previously discussed. Table 21 shows an example of a storage layout dedicated for SQL Server database pools. The configuration can support approximately 700 host IOPS. Note: This is only an example for both the infrastructure pool and the SQL Server pools. The number of disks used in the example for the virtual infrastructure can be variable. 56 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Table 21. Storage layout example on VNXe SQL Server storage pool name RAID type Disk type Disk capacity No. of disks SQL user database data pool RAID 5 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 10 SQL user database log and tempdb pool RAID 10 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 6 Figure 9 shows an example of the storage layout for the SQL Server on the VNXe series. Figure 9. Storage layout example: SQL Server for the VNXe series Table 22 shows an example of storage pools for SQL Server on VNX in addition to the VSPEX private cloud pool. The configuration can support approximately 2,000 host IOPS. Table 22. Storage layout example on VNX Storage pool name RAID type Disk type Disk capacity No. of disks SQL user database data pool RAID 5 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 5 RAID 10 FAST VP solid state drives 100 GB 2 RAID 10 SAS disks 15,000 rpm 300 GB 4 SQL user database log and tempdb pool EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 57 Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Figure 10 shows an example of the storage layout for the SQL Server on the VNX series with the virtual machine infrastructure. Figure 10. Storage layout example: SQL Server for VNX series with FAST VP enabled Note: Figures 9 and 10 are only two examples of a storage layout. To plan and design your own storage layouts for SQL Server over a VSPEX stack, follow the guidance in the VSPEX Sizing Tool and the best practices in the Storage layout and design considerations section. Virtualization design considerations Overview SQL Server 2012 is fully supported when you deploy it in a virtual environment that is supported by Microsoft Hyper-V or VMware vSphere. The following sections describe the best practices and design considerations for SQL Server 2012 virtualization. Virtualization design best practices In this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server, EMC recommends that you consider the best practices described here for virtualization design. Table 23 lists the recommended RAM for computers running SQL Server, based on the combined size of SQL Server user databases. 58 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Table 23. Recommended RAM for SQL Server Combined size of SQL Server user databases RAM recommended for computers running SQL Server Up to 50 GB 8 GB 50 GB to 250 GB 16 GB 250 GB to 500 GB 32 GB Larger than 500 GB Contact EMC for validation Each SQL Server has its own data stores and virtual disks for its operating system. In VMware virtualized environments, the SQL Server OS/boot LUNs use a VMDK on their own data store, and in Hyper-V virtualized environments, the SQL Server OS/boot LUNs use a VHDX on their own data store. All database LUNs use VMDK in VMware or VHDX in Hyper-V. Because SQL Server 2012 can automatically detect NUMA, and the SQL Server processor and memory allocation can be optimized for NUMA, this solution implemented the following design best practices: • Keep the number of physical cores and vCPUs in a 1:1 ratio. Ensure that there are no overcommitted CPUs for running business-critical SQL Server instances. • Consider the NUMA node size when sizing virtual machines. To avoid accessing remote memory in a NUMA-aware environment, size a SQL virtual machine's memory so that it is less than the amount available per NUMA node. • Fully reserve the RAM for the SQL Server virtual machines. • In VMware, enable the VMware HA, DRS, and vMotion functions. If you select vSphere as your hypervisor, enable the VMware HA, DRS, and vMotion functions on the ESXi servers to provide basic availability and scalability for multiple SQL Server deployments. The VMware DRS function can automatically balance the workload between the hosts by using the vMotion function. When SQL Server workloads increase, DRS automatically moves a bottlenecked virtual machine to another host with more available resources, without downtime. When you want to enable the DRS function, ensure that the automatic rebalancing is not too aggressive, as this can cause performance issues with constant VMotion. After you enable the DRS function, consider using DRS affinity and anti-affinity rules. EMC recommends that you use DRS affinity and anti-affinity rules for specific groups of virtual machines (for example, a group of web servers) that should never reside on the same host. DRS also enables the grouping of virtual machines by a common name and restricting their execution to a specific subset of hosts. For detailed steps on how to configure DRS, refer to the documents listed in the VSPEX Implementation Guides section. • In Hyper-V, enable the Hyper-V high availability and Live Migration functions. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 59 Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices Hyper-V with System Center integrated with System Center Operations Manager can provide the monitoring of resource utilization of the Hyper-V hosts and virtual machines, and can automatically balance resource utilization by using Live Migration to move virtual machines with no downtime. When you want to enable the DRS function, ensure that the automatic rebalancing is not too aggressive as this can cause performance issues with constant Live Migration. Monitor the performance of the entire VSPEX Proven infrastructure regularly. Monitoring performance not only happens at the virtual machine level, but also at the hypervisor level. For example, when the hypervisor is ESXi, you can use performance monitoring inside the SQL Server virtual machine to ensure virtual machine or SQL Server performance. Meanwhile, at the hypervisor level, you can use esxtop to monitor host performance. For detailed information on the performance monitoring tool, refer to the documents listed in the VSPEX Implementation Guides section. Application design considerations Overview Design considerations for SQL Server 2012 involve many aspects. The best practices and design considerations in this section provide guidelines for those that are most common and important. Application design In this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server, EMC recommends that you consider the following best practices for the SQL Server 2012 design. best practices SQL Server instance settings • The Lock Pages in Memory privilege is granted to the SQL Server startup account. This privilege is designed to prevent the process working set (committed memory) from being paged out or trimmed by the operating system. For more information, refer to the Microsoft Support article How to enable the "locked pages" feature in SQL Server 2012. Note: After enabling the Lock Pages in Memory privilege, set the maximum server memory of the SQL Server instance to prevent the instance from reserving all memory from OS. • The Enable Instant File Initialization privilege is granted to achieve better performance for database operations such as CREATE DATABASE, ALTER DATABASE, RESTORE, and AUTOGROW. It can significantly shorten the time to create or expand a datafile. For more information, refer to the Microsoft Technet topic Database File Initialization. SQL Server database settings Consider the following best practices for user database settings: 60 • Use multiple datafiles for large databases. • Use the full recovery model to enable administrators to back up the transaction logs incrementally. This model enables recovery of the SQL Server database from a specific point in time from the log backup, even if the datafiles of the EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices content databases are corrupt. EMC recommends that you take log backups regularly for the full recovery model. In this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, EMC recommends that you use the following setting s for tempdb: • Pre-allocate space and add a single datafile per LUN. Ensure that all files are of the same size. • Assign the temp log files to one of the LUNs dedicated to log files. • Enable the autogrow option. Set the database autogrow value to approximately 10 percent of the initial file size as a reasonable starting point. EMC recommends that you use the following configuration for the transaction logs: • Create a single transaction log file per database on one of the LUNs assigned to the transaction log space. Spread log files for different databases across available LUNs or use multiple log files for log growth as required. • Enable the autogrow option for log files. For detailed configuration steps, refer to the documents listed in the VSPEX Implementation Guides section. SQL Server 2012 licensing consideration In this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for virtualized SQL Server, EMC recommends that you consider the SQL Server licensing models to achieve better cost savings. With SQL Server 2012, customers have various licensing options, including the Server+CAL licensing model, which provides low-cost access to incremental SQL Server deployments, and core-based licensing, a new computing-power-based license model that shifted from physical processors to cores. The licensing options vary from the SQL Server versions you are using. Refer to Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Licensing Guide. Under the core-based licensing model, customers count the total number of physical cores for each processor in the server and multiply the number of cores by an appropriate core factor to determine the number of licenses required for each processor. The core-based licensing model is appropriate when one or more of the following circumstances apply: • Deploying SQL Server 2012 Enterprise Edition • Implementing centralized deployments that span a large number of users or devices, whether direct or indirect • Anticipating total licensing costs lower than that of using the Server+CAL licensing model Under the Server+CAL licensing model, EMC customers purchase a server license for each server and a client access license (CAL) for each device and/or user who will access SQL Server. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 61 Chapter 5: Solution Design Considerations and Best Practices The Server+CAL licensing model is appropriate when one or more of the following circumstances apply: • Deploying SQL Server 2012 Business Intelligence Edition • Deploying SQL Server Standard Edition in scenarios where you can easily count users or devices and the total licensing costs are lower than that of using the core-based licensing model • Planning to scale out use of SQL Server by adding new servers over time In this VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, to license the virtualized SQL Server, customers can choose either to license individual virtual machines or, for maximum virtualization in a highly virtualized private cloud, to license the entire physical server with Enterprise Edition core licenses. To choose an appropriate licensing model for SQL Server 2012 in various environments, refer to SQL Server 2012 Licensing Quick Reference Guide on the Microsoft website. Backup and recovery design considerations All VSPEX solutions are sized and tested with EMC backup and recovery products, including EMC Avamar and EMC Data Domain. If your solution includes backup and recovery components, refer to SPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SharePoint Design and Implementation Guide for detailed information on implementing your backup and recovery solution. 62 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 6: Solution Verification Methodologies Chapter 6 Solution Verification Methodologies This chapter presents the following topics: Overview ............................................................................................................... 64 Baseline hardware verification methodology.......................................................... 64 Application verification methodology..................................................................... 64 Backup and recovery verification methodology ...................................................... 65 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 63 Chapter 6: Solution Verification Methodologies Overview This chapter provides a list of items that you should review after configuring the solution. Use the information in this chapter to verify the functionality and performance of the solution and its components and to ensure that the configuration supports core availability and performance requirements. Baseline hardware verification methodology The purpose of this chapter is to provide the verification methodologies for the hardware, application, and backup and recovery aspects of the solution. Hardware consists of the computer's physical resources such as processors, memory, and storage. Hardware also includes physical network components such as NICs, cables, switches, routers, and hardware load balancers. You can avoid many performance and capacity issues by using the correct hardware for the VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server solution. Conversely, a single misapplication of a hardware resource, such as insufficient memory on a server, can affect performance of the SQL Server. For detailed steps on verifying the redundancy of the solution components, refer to the resources listed in the VSPEX Implementation Guides section. Application verification methodology After you verify the hardware and redundancy of the solution components, perform SQL Server application testing and optimization, which is also a critical step of the VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server solution. Test the new VSPEX Proven Infrastructure before deploying it to production to ensure that the architectures you designed achieve the required performance and capacity targets. This testing enables you to identify and optimize potential bottlenecks before they impact users in a live deployment. Before you start verifying your SQL Server performance on the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, ensure that you have deployed SQL Server 2012 in your VSPEX Proven Infrastructure based on the VSPEX Implementation Guides. Table 24 describes the high-level steps to be completed before you put the SQL Server environment into production. Table 24. High-level steps for application verification 64 Step Description Reference 1 Understand the key metrics for your SQL Server environment to achieve the performance and capacity that meet your business requirements. Understanding key metrics 2 Use the VSPEX Sizing Tool for SQL Server to determine the architecture and resources of your VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. EMC VSPEX website 3 Design and build the SQL Server solution on VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. VSPEX Implementation Guides EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 6: Solution Verification Methodologies Step Description Reference 4 Run the tests, analyze the results, and optimize your VSPEX architecture. Running tests, analyzing results, and optimization Understanding key Understanding the goal of the SQL Server testing facilitates making decisions about which metrics to capture and what thresholds must be met for each metric when metrics running the SQL Server validation tests. To validate the VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server solution, we considered the key metrics shown in Table 25. Table 25. Key metrics Metric Threshold Average CPU utilization (%) Less than 85% Average disk latency Less than 20 milliseconds The VSPEX Sizing Tool helps you to understand the basic metrics and thresholds to meet your customer’s business requirements. Running tests, analyzing results, and optimization After creating the database environment, run test applications to verify the performance of SQL Server 2012. In this solution, we ran the tests using a TPC-E-like application to validate the SQL Server performance. The TPC-E-like application is the server performance benchmark, which emulates the brokerage market transactions flow between market, customer, and broker. The benchmark cannot represent the real application in the customer environment. In the real customer environment, we highly recommend that customers do the following: • Evaluate the TPC-E-like workload and I/O pattern. If it is acceptable and the real workload is similar, you can use the test results as a reference. However, customers need to consider the potential risks. • Build a test environment first, and then copy and restore the production database to test the real workload themselves and to verify the SQL Server performance if the real application workload types are different from what we validated in our test environment. For detailed configuration information, refer to the documents listed in the VSPEX Implementation Guides section. Backup and recovery verification methodology All VSPEX solutions are sized and tested with EMC next-generation backup technologies, including EMC Avamar and EMC Data Domain. If your solution includes backup and recovery components, refer to VSPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SharePoint for detailed information on verifying the functionality and performance of your backup and recovery solution. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 65 Chapter 6: Solution Verification Methodologies 66 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 7: Reference Documentation Chapter 7 Reference Documentation This chapter presents the following topics: EMC documentation ............................................................................................... 68 Other documentation ............................................................................................. 69 Links ..................................................................................................................... 69 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 67 Chapter 7: Reference Documentation EMC documentation The following documents, available from EMC Online Support or EMC.com, provide additional and relevant information. If you do not have access to a document, contact your EMC representative. • EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 with Microsoft Hyper-V • EMC VSPEX for Virtualized SQL Server with VMware vSphere • EMC VSPEX Server Virtualization Solutions for Mid-market Businesses • EMC VSPEX Server Virtualization Solutions for Small and Medium Business • EMC Unisphere Remote: Next-Generation Storage Monitoring–A Detailed Review 68 • VNX FAST Cache–A Detailed Review • EMC FAST VP for Unified Storage Systems • EMC VNXe Series Using a VNXe System with Microsoft Windows Hyper-V • EMC VNXe series Using a VNXe System with NFS Shared Folders • EMC VNX Unified Best Practices for Performance–Applied Best Practices Guide • EMC VNXe Series Configuration Worksheet • EMC VNX Series Configuration Worksheet • VNXe3100/3150: How to Monitor System Health • EMC VSI for VMware vSphere: Storage Viewer Product Guide • EMC VSI for VMware vSphere: Unified Storage Management Product Guide • EMC VNX Host Connectivity Guide for VMware ESX Server • VNX Operating Environment for File Release Notes • EMC Avamar 6.1 for SQL Server VSS User Guide • EMC Avamar 6.1 Administration Guide • EMC Avamar 6.1 for Hyper-V User Guide • EMC Avamar 6.1 for VMware User Guide • EMC Avamar Compatibility and Interoperability Matrix • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 100 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 100 Virtual Machines • VFCache Installation and Administration Guide 1.5.1 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Chapter 7: Reference Documentation • EMC Backup and Recovery Solution Guide for VSPEX Virtualized Microsoft Applications • VSPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SharePoint Design and Implementation Guide • VSPEX with EMC Backup and Recovery for Private Cloud and End User Computing solutions Design and Implementation Guide Other documentation For information on Microsoft SQL Server, see the following documents: • Microsoft SQL Server 2012 on VMware Best Practices Guide • Microsoft SQL Server 2012 on VMware Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) • Microsoft SQL Server 2012 on VMware Availability and Recovery Options • Best Practices for Running VMware vSphere on Network Attached Storage • SQL Server 2012 Licensing Quick Reference Guide For documentation on Microsoft Hyper-V and Microsoft SQL Server, refer to the Microsoft website at http://www.microsoft.com. For documentation on SQL Server 2012 on VMware, refer to the VMware website at http://www.vmware.com. Links MSDN Library Refer to the following topics in the MSDN Library: • Books Online for SQL Server 2012 • Disk Partition Alignment Best Practices for SQL Server • Optimizing tempdb Performance TechNet Library • Performance and Capacity Management (SharePoint Server 2010) • NIC Teaming Overview Note: The links provided were working correctly at the time of publication. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 69 Chapter 7: Reference Documentation 70 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Appendix A: Qualification Worksheet Appendix A Qualification Worksheet This appendix presents the following topic: VSPEX for virtualized Microsoft SQL server 2012 qualification worksheet .............. 72 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 71 Appendix A: Qualification Worksheet VSPEX for virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 qualification worksheet Before you start sizing the VSPEX for virtualized SQL Server solution, gather information about the customer’s business requirements by using the qualification worksheet. Table 26 provides a qualification worksheet for a SQL Server user database. Table 26. Qualification worksheet for a SQL Server user database Question Answer Do you have an existing SQL Server database that you would like to size for in the environment? Yes or No How many databases do you want to deploy? What is the size of user database (GB)? What is the annual growth rate (%)? Do you intend to use FAST VP? Yes or No What is the maximum number of IOPS? What is the TPS at peak loads? (optional question) What is the required tempdb size? (optional question) Printing the qualification worksheet A standalone copy of the qualification worksheet is attached to this document in PDF format. To view and print the worksheet: 1. In Adobe Reader, open the Attachments panel as follows: Select View > Show/Hide > Navigation Panes > Attachments. or Click the Attachments icon as shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. 72 Printable qualification worksheet EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Appendix A: Qualification Worksheet 2. In the Attachments panel, double-click the attached file to open and print the qualification worksheet. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 73 Appendix A: Qualification Worksheet 74 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology Appendix B High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology This appendix presents the following topics: Overview ............................................................................................................... 76 Sufficient resources ............................................................................................... 76 Sizing considerations ............................................................................................ 76 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 75 Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology Overview The infrastructure supporting OLTP–vCPU, memory, storage layout for SQL server databases, total reference virtual machine–must provide a robust, powerful, and flexible solution. Sizing SQL Server depends on multiple factors, such as disk type, protection type, and cache. The sufficient resources should be part of the SQL Server sizing method. Note: These manual sizing instructions may be used to provide an approximate single application sizing, if the VSPEX Sizing Tool is not available. The VSPEX Sizing Tool, with its multi-application, multi-instance capability, is recommended as the preferred sizing approach. Sufficient resources To satisfy the performance requirement of SQL Server databases, sufficient resources including the compute and disk subsystem should be ensured. This section defines the sufficient resources for SQL Server as an OLTP DBMS in a virtualized environment to provide predictable performance. • Sufficient disk utilization: Design the sizing tool to sufficiently use the disk resource and leave room for any possible peak disk activities. • Reference virtual machine sufficiency: • Sufficient memory utilization: Design building blocks with sufficient system memory to support the designed workload with anticipated peak load activities. Sufficient processor utilization: Design building blocks to have sufficient vCPU to support the designed workload and any anticipated peak load activities. Sufficient tempdb and log: Consider sufficient capacity and performance for tempdb for each instance and log for each user database to support the query workload when sizing the SQL Server instances. Sizing considerations This section provides detailed sizing methods and recommendations for sizing each SQL Server instance: • 76 Reference virtual machine recommendation for SQL Server vCPU resources Memory resources • Disk type and number for SQL Server • OS capacity resources EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology Reference virtual machine recommendation for SQL Server • OS IOPS • VSPEX Proven Infrastructure selection The Reference virtual machine number will be recommended. We calculated the number of reference virtual machines using the following methods: • Minimum SQL Server requirement basis (MSSRB) Minimum SQL Server requirement basis is two virtual CPUs and 8 GB RAM. Aligning to the reference virtual machine definition (one reference virtual machine = one virtual CPU and 2 GB RAM), the minimum SQL Server requirement basis equals four reference virtual machines. Consider the minimum request for the small- and medium-sized SQL Server instances when sizing the SQL Server instances. For example, if the user database is less than 50 GB, use one MSSRB or four reference virtual machines. If a user’s request is CPU-intensive, needing to support a large quantity of IOPS, the reference virtual machine calculation should be considered and more than one MSSRB is recommended. • Multiple databases/instances consolidation Consolidate multiple database calculation results for reference virtual machines. Under SQL Server instance management, one instance may have multiple user databases. The VSPEX Sizing Tool will support one instance with up to 10 user databases. For SQL applications on the VSPEX infrastructure with small IOPS requirements, we recommend that you share the data, log, and tempdb files on one pool. For multiple databases, we recommend that you consolidate the IOPS and capacity results. Table 27 shows an example of three user databases and user input. Instead of matching each database calculation result to the closest reference virtual machine, consider if the sum of the IOPS and the database size can match the closest number of the reference virtual machine. Table 27. Example of user input for multiple user databases Database profile Maximum database size (GB) Maximum database performance (IOPS) database 1 50 700 database 2 200 500 database 3 250 1,500 From each database calculation perspective, the total reference virtual machine requirement is 10 vCPU and 40 GB RAM, as shown in Table 28. Table 28. Reference virtual machine calculation results per database requirement Database profile Reference virtual machine (vCPUs) Reference virtual machine (RAM) database 1 2 8 database 2 4 16 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 77 Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology Database profile Reference virtual machine (vCPUs) Reference virtual machine (RAM) database 3 4 16 Total requirement 10 40 Using the consolidation calculation method, the calculation is consolidated to calculate the IOPS and database size sum, and the total requirement would be eight vCPU and 32 GB RAM; thus, two vCPUs and 8 GB RAM can be saved, while the VSPEX infrastructure can still support the IOPS and capacity requirement. Disk type and number for SQL Server instance Use the following design methods to size SQL servers in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. • Design for the IOPS first and then for the size of the database on the disk layout. You will need to consolidate the calculation results of the IOPS and the database capacity size. The IOPS-based calculation has a higher request of spindles including the higher speed of spindles and larger quantity of spindles compared to a capacity-based calculation in a generic OLTP application. For example, a 100 GB OLTP database may have more than 1,500 IOPS, which needs tens of 15 K rpm SAS or FC spindles to support the IOPS request. But from a capacity-based calculation, two 300 GB mirrored SAS/SATA/FC spindles can satisfy the capacity request completely. Under this circumstance, we would recommend use tens of SAS/FC spindles. • • The sizing calculation includes the following additional disk requirements: Annual growth rate Log will consume 20 percent of the total user database tempdb will consolidate the user input, which is optional, and the 20 percent of the total user database Set the IOPS basis for three disk types based on actual test results (not the disk type limit). Consider the ideal maximum IOPS of different disks and the real run test values. For example, the ideal maximum IOPS of a flash disk can be 3,500, but considering the actual usage, the real supported IOPS might be less than this value: 78 When a flash disk such as FAST Cache or FAST VP (upper tier) is used, the usable space for an application is limited. For example, the most frequently accessed data generally is larger than the usable space in flash (for instance, using 3 x 100 GB FAST VP SSDs to serve a 500 GB OLTP user database with 400 GB most frequently accessed data). To keep the utilization of other disks, such as SAS/FC/SATA storing the less frequently accessed data or used as the lower tier in FAST VP, the actual supported IOPS of the flash disk may be less than 3,000. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology • The actual test will keep each component of the storage array running at reasonable values. For example, we keep the storage processor utilization running at less than 70 percent and keep the LUN utilization less than 70 percent. Consider the advanced storage features (such as FAST Suite) and support matrix. The FAST Suite disk calculation has higher priority. For example, we recommend using total back-end IOPS minus FAST VP SSDs supported IOPS and then calculating the number of SAS/FC disks. IOPS calculation Calculate the number of disks based on the following formula: Disk number = required back-end IOPS / IOPS per disk Table 29 shows an example of input for one SQL Server instance, supposing customers know the maximum database performance (IOPS). Table 29. An example of user input for multiple user databases Database profile Maximum database size (GB) Maximum database performance (IOPS) database 1 50 500 database 2 100 300 database 3 300 2,000 The maximum database performance for the three user databases is 2,800 IOPS. • Calculate the back-end I/O for datafiles, supposing the read:write ratio is 90:10. Total I/O for RAID 5 = (2800 *0.9) + 4* (2800 *0.1) = 3640 Suppose log and tempdb serve five percent of the total user database I/Os in a RAID 10 configuration, and consider that most of the I/Os on tempdb and log are writes. Total I/O for RAID 10 2800* 4 * 0.05 = 560 IOPS The total back-end I/O is 4,200. • • Suppose the maximum acceptable supported IOPS for Flash and SAS/FC is as follows: Flash: 3,500 SAS/FC 15k: 220 SAS/FC 10k: 180 When calculating for performance with FAST Cache selected, the Flash tier needs to serve the maximum number of I/Os; therefore, it has a higher calculation priority. The calculation should be on VNX only. EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 79 Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology • • Performance calculation on a different drive: Flash as FAST VP = 3,640/3,500 = ~2 aligned to 2 disks (RAID 1) SAS 15 K for datafiles = 0/180 = 0 aligned to 5 disks (RAID 5) SAS 15 K for log/tempdb files = 560/220 = ~ 3 aligned to 4 disks (RAID 10) From an I/O sizing perspective, using the calculation methods described, the following disks would be required for the environment: 5 x 15, 300 GB SAS/FC drives for datafiles 4 x 15, 300 GB SAS/FC drives for log/tempdb files 2 x 100 GB flash drives Capacity calculation • User database size: • Database 1: 50 GB Database 2: 100 GB Database 3: 300 GB Calculate the database LUN size based on the user database sizes: Database LUN size = <Database size> + Annual growth rate (30 percent, and 3 years growth, by default) • Database 1 LUN size = 50 x (1+0.3)3 = 110 GB Database 2 LUN size = 100 x (1+0.3)3 = 220 GB Database 3 LUN size = 300 x (1+0.3)3 = 659 GB Total database LUN size = 989 GB Calculate the tempdb and log LUN sizes for each of the databases. The log and tempdb sizes are calculated as 20 percent the size of the database, if no tempdb capacity is input by customers. Log and tempdb size Database 1: 20 percent of 50 = 10 GB Database 2: 20 percent of 100 = 20 GB Database 3 : 20 percent of 300 = 60 GB The user database log and the tempdb files are laid out on a separate LUN for each database. Based on this, the log LUNs are sized at 90 GB. • 80 Total database data size = Sum of the sizes of all the databases = 989 GB Total database log/tempdb size = Sum of the sizes of all the databases = 90 GB Usable capacity available per 600 GB 15 K SAS drive = 537 GB Usable capacity available per 300 GB 15 K FC drive = 268 GB Spindle requirement = <Total capacity> / <Usable capacity> EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology • Capacity on different SAS drives: SAS 900 GB for datafiles = 989/821 = ~2 aligned to 5 disks (RAID 5) SAS 900 GB for log/tempdb files = 90/821 = ~ 1 aligned to 2 disks (RAID 10) SAS 600 GB for datafiles = 989/537 = ~2 aligned to 5 disks (RAID 5) SAS 600 GB for log/tempdb files = 90/537 = ~ 1 aligned to 2 disks (RAID 10) SAS 300 GB for datafiles = 989/268 = ~4 aligned to 5 disks (RAID 5) SAS 300 GB for log/tempdb files = 90/268 = ~ 1 aligned to 2 disks (RAID 10) From a capacity sizing perspective, using the previously described policy settings and also considering using a small-sized drive as the cost-effective solution, the following disks would be required for the environment: • 5 x 300 GB SAS 15 drives for datafiles • 2 x 300 GB SAS 15 drives for log/tempdb files Table 30 lists the recommended configuration based on both I/O and capacity requirements. Table 30. Recommended drive and LUN configuration One SQL Server instance with three SQL Server databases ( 50 GB, 100 GB, 300 GB) Number of spindles required to satisfy both I/O and capacity 5 x 15, 300 GB SAS/FC drives for datafiles 4 x 15,300 GB SAS/FC drives for log/tempdb files 2 x 100 GB Flash drives Thin LUN size (data) 989 GB Thin LUN size (log/tempdb) 90 GB OS capacity resources One SQL Server instance has one OS volume, and the capacity is fixed to 100 GB per instance. For more information, refer to the following Virtualization infrastructure documents: • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 1,000 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: VMware vSphere 5.1 for up to 100 Virtual Machines • EMC VSPEX Private Cloud: Microsoft Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-V for up to 100 Virtual Machines EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 81 Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology OS IOPS The OS IOPS is fixed to 25 IOPS for each OS volume. For more information, refer to the virtualization infrastructure documents listed in OS capacity resources. Select the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Use the following steps to choose the right VSPEX Proven Infrastructure: 1. Use the manual sizing logic and methodology to get the total number of reference virtual machines and any additional suggested storage layouts for application. For example: [SQL Server reference virtual machine] = Total reference virtual machines required for SQL Server 2012 = 12 reference virtual machines [SQL disks] = Total disk numbers suggested for SQL Server 2012 = 7 disks 2. If the customer wants to deploy other applications in the same VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, refer to the appropriate VSPEX design guide for the application and size the total number of reference virtual machines and storage layouts with the combined workload. For example: The customer would also like to deploy Exchange 2010 and Oracle 11g in the same VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. Based on the discussion with customers, refer to EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft Exchange 2010 Design Guide to size Exchange 2010 manually and EMC VSPEX for virtualized Oracle 11g Design Guide to size Oracle 11g in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. You get the following results: [Exchange reference virtual machines] = Total reference virtual machines required for Exchange 2010 = 12 reference virtual machines [Exchange disks]= Total disk numbers suggested for Exchange 2010 = 18 disks [Oracle reference virtual machines] = Total reference virtual machine required for [Oracle 11g]= 16 reference virtual machines [Oracle disks] = Total disk numbers suggested for Oracle 11g= 55 disks 3. Aggregate the total number of reference virtual machines and total disk numbers for all applications. For example: Total reference virtual machines for applications = SQL reference virtual machines + Exchange reference virtual machines + Oracle reference virtual machines = 12 reference virtual machines + 12 reference virtual machines + 16 reference virtual machines = 40 reference virtual machines Total disks for applications = SQL disks + Exchange disks + Oracle disks = 7 disks + 18 disks + 55 disks = 80 disks 4. 82 Discuss with your customer the maximum utilization of the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for the application and virtualization solution they want to use EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology to meet their business requirements. Calculate the total disks that reference virtual machines suggested for the combined applications. For example, with Oracle also being deployed in the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, EMC recommends that customers use VMware as the virtualization solution enabled by VNX. If customers want a maximum 75 percent utilization for all the combined applications, the calculation would be: Total reference virtual machines needed for applications = Total reference virtual machines for applications / Maximum utilization = 40 reference virtual machines / 75% = 54 reference virtual machines Total disks needed for applications= Total disks for applications / Maximum utilization = 80 disks/ 75% = 107 disks 5. Use Table 31 and the total number of reference virtual machines to select the minimum recommended VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. In this example, because Oracle is also deployed in the same VSPEX Proven Infrastructure, EMC recommends that customers use VMware as the virtualization solution enabled by VNX. In this example, EMC recommends that you select the VSPEX Private Cloud with VMware solution for up to 250 reference virtual machines as the minimum VSPEX Proven Infrastructure for the combined workload. Table 31. VSPEX storage model support matrix VSPEX Proven Infrastructure model* Maximum supported reference virtual machines Supported storage array Up to 50 virtual machines 50 VNXe3150 Up to 100 virtual machines 100 VNXe3300 Up to 300 virtual machines 300 VNX5400 Up to 600 virtual machines 600 VNX5600 Up to 1,000 virtual machines 1,000 VNX5800 * Includes the following VSPEX models: 6. • VSPEX Private Cloud for Microsoft • VSPEX Private Cloud for VMware Refer to the appropriate EMC VSPEX Proven Infrastructure Guide and calculate the number of disks required for the VSPEX private cloud pool by using the virtual infrastructure building block methodology. In this example, EMC suggests that you select a VSPEX Private Cloud with VMware solution for up to 300 reference virtual machines as the minimum VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. After referring to the building block of the VSPEX private cloud pool, you get the total number of disks required: EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide 83 Appendix B: High-level SQL Server Sizing Logic and Methodology Total disks for Private Cloud = 5 SAS disks + 2 SSD disks = 7 disks 7. Aggregate the total number of disks required including the number of disks for combined applications, VSPEX private cloud pool, and hot spare. Total disks = Total disks needed for applications + Total disks for Private Cloud + Hot Spare = 107 disks + 7 disks + 4 disks = 118 disks 8. Compare the values in Table 32 to those in Table 31 to make sure the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure supported array can support the total number of disks required for combined applications and Private Cloud. If it cannot, you may need to upgrade to the next model of VSPEX Proven Infrastructure. In this example, EMC recommends the VSPEX Private Cloud with VMware solution for up to 250 reference virtual machine as the VSPEX Proven Infrastructure and VNX5400 as the storage array. VNX5400 can support a maximum of 250 disks, which fits the requirement of 118 disks that you may need for the combined workload. Table 32. 84 Storage system support matrix Storage system Maximum number of drives VNXe3150 100 VNXe3300 150 VNX5400 250 VNX5600 500 VNX5800 750 EMC VSPEX for Virtualized Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enabled by EMC Next-Generation VNX and EMC Backup Design Guide
