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8/6/2015 Elements of SQL Data Definition Language • • • • • • • Define Tables (Conceptual Level) Define Views (User Level) Extensions may define storage Define Indexes Grant Permissions Add Column to table Drop tables, views, indexes 1 8/6/2015 Data Definition Language (cont.) • SQL‐2 Additions – Primary keys – Foreign keys – Constraints – Domains – Database Schemas Data Manipulation Language • • • • Insert data Delete data Update data Query data 2 8/6/2015 Use of Language • Casual use on line at terminal • Embedded in standard programming language – Fortran, – Cobol, –C • Embedded in specialized database programming language – PL/SQL, – Transact‐SQL Use of Language, cont. • Invoked via function calls to programming APIs: – ODBC, JDBC – PHP functions – PERL DBI • Invoked behind the scenes by applications created by GUI app builders – Oracle Developer – Visual Basic 3