Download Unit A * Biological Diversity

Unit A – Biological Diversity
What is a Species?
What does diversity mean?
What are types of relationships?
What is a Niche?
Outcomes:
1.
2.
4.
6.
observe variation in living things, and describe examples
of variation among species and within species
identify examples of niches, and describe the role of
variation in allowing closely related living things to
survive in the same ecosystem
identify the role of variation in species survival under
changing environmental conditions
describe examples of variation of characteristics within
a species
What do we mean when we say…
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Biology
Diversity
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What would happen when we put it all together?
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
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Biological diversity refers to the variety of species and
ecosystems on the earth.
In an ecosystem, living (biotic) things interact with nonliving (abiotic) things in a shared environment.
What are some examples of Biotic and Abiotic things?
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
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Biotic Examples: plants, animals, insects
Abiotic Examples: rocks, water, weather events,
PRACTICE: BIOTIC OR ABIOTIC?
EXAMINING DIVERSITY
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What is a Species?
A species is a particular group of organisms that have the
same structure and can reproduce with each other.
What are some examples?
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The Earth’s species diversity is not evenly
distributed.
Diversity Index is the measurement that compares
the diversity in an area to the total number of
species in that same area.
Think About it!
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The closer to the equator
you go the more diversity
there is.
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Why do you think that is?
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This is due to warm
temperatures, a large
amount of sunlight per day,
which in turn allows for
more plants to grow and
more animals to survive
EXAMINING DIVERSITY
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Do Activity A1
What are some patterns you notice?
Why is that pattern happening?
There are over 1.5 million species of animals and 350, 000
species of plants that have been identified. BUT there are
more species of insects than of all the other species
combined!
DIVERSITY WITHIN ECOSYSTEMS
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A population is when members of a species live in a
specific area and share the same resources.
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Community is when populations of different species live
in the same area.
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Ecosystem Diversity refers to the variety of ecosystems
in a given place.
DIVERSITY WITHIN SPECIES
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Species diversity occurs within individual organisms of the
same species.
Genetic Diversity refers to the variations between
members of a population caused by small differences in
DNA.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in
conjunction with the nonliving components of their
environment (things like air, water and mineral soil),
interacting as a system.
30 Second Break!
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Put the terms in order from largest to smallest
Community
Ecosystem
Species
Population
Variation Within Species
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Variation within a population, of a single species, is called
variability.
Variability is important if the environment, in which the
species lives, changes (suddenly or drastically). When a
species has a great deal of variation, then, some of the
individuals within that species will likely survive when
there is change.
Examples of variability include:
Red fox (color of coat)
Antibiotic resistance (bacteria)
Banded Snails
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A really good example of this is the banded snail. Each
snail, although part of the same species, has different
shades of bands and different sizes of bands.
What variations can we see in the population of our class?
Can we see all of the variations?
Dog Breeds – Species Diversity
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How many types of Dogs can you list? All dogs are under
the species name Canis lupus. What else is under that?
Look at page 59 in your textbook
STUDYING DIVERSITY
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Complete the Diversity Index Activity. This is due at the
end of class. This is your first assignment for this unit!
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Work in table groups to complete the task. You Each must
hand in your own paper.
Hand Variation
Hand
12 or less 13-16
Span in
cm
Number
of
Students
17-20
21-24
25-28
29 or
more
CLASSIFYING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
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In the 1700’s a Swedish scientist named Carolus Linnaeus
developed a system for naming organisms and classifying
them in a meaningful way.
The two-name Latin naming system.
Why do you think he chose Latin as language and not
Swedish?
CLASSIFYING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
He grouped them according to their physical structure.
 This was very helpful because he brought worldwide
consistency to the naming of species.
 In his system, two words name each living thing: the first
word is the Genus and the second word is the species.
 Both words when written are always in italics and genus
is always capitalized. Genus species.
FURTHER CLASSIFICATION
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Modern scientists further developed this system into the
5 kingdom Classification.
The kingdom is the first division
Animalia (animals)
Plantae (plants)
Fungi (yeasts, mold, mushrooms)
Protista (mostly single-celled
organisms)
Monera (bacteria)
THE WHOLE NAMING SYSTEM
1) Kingdom
2 )Phylum
2a) Subphylum
3) Class
4) Order
5) Family
6) Genus
7) Species
Come up with a mnemonic device that will help you remember
the order
WHAT IS THE CANIS LUPUS?
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Kingdom
Phylum
2a) Subphylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
1) Animalia
2) Chordata
2a)Vertebrata
3) Mammalia
4) Carnivora
5) Canidae
6) Canis
7) Canis lupus
WHAT IS THE CANIS LUPUS?
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Multimedia
https://www.edumediasciences.com/en/a661classification-of-livingthings
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=F38BmgPcZ_I
CLASSIFYING DIVERSITY
CLASSIFYING DIVERSITY
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http://fergusonfoundation.org/btw-students/fishidentification/ Fishing for a Name Activity
Interdepended Species
Outcomes:
investigate and interpret dependencies among
species that link the survival of one species to the
survival of others
3.
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identify examples of symbiotic relationships and classify
symbiotic relationships as mutualism, commensalism,
parasitism
identify the role of variation in species survival
under changing environmental conditions
4.
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What’s a Niche?
1.2 INTERDEPENDENCE
Each and every species depends on many other species
within an environment in order to survive and prosper.
An example of this is a food chain.
Come up with an example of a food chain with your
partner. Be prepared to share with the class!
SYMBIOSIS
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Symbiosis is a type of interdependence
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which is the association between members of different
species.
There are 5 types of symbiosis that we will look at.
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Commensalism (+,0)
Mutualism (+,+)
Parasitism (+,-)
Predator/Prey (+,-)
Interspecies Competition (-,-)
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For your notes, + benefits, - negative, 0 neutral
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SYMBIOSIS
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Complete card sort activity to come up with examples. In
your desk partners, find another pair and sort the cards
together.
Write down your examples in your notes.
COMMENSALISM
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One of the participating members benefits, but the other
does not and there is no harm done to that organism.
Ex. A bird that builds its nest in a tree; the bird benefits
and the tree is not affected.
Can you think of other examples?
COMMENSALISM
COMMENSALISM
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a bird using a tree to build its nest in
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barnacles on a whale
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Others?
MUTUALISM
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Both organisms benefit. The benefit is mutual (as the root
word suggests).
Ex. A lichen growing in the artic tundra is a combination
of two organisms (a fungus and alga). The Alga cells
provide food for themselves and the fungus, and the
fungus protects the cells from dehydration.
Other examples?
MUTUALISM
MUTUALISM
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lichen (algae and fungi) growing in the Arctic Tundra
benefit each other
flower Clusia provides medicine to bees
Others?
PARASITISM
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One organism benefits and the other is harmed.
Ex. A tapeworm attached to the intestinal wall of the
human. The tapeworm absorbs nutrients, leaving little
nutrients for the human to absorb.
The parasite usually doesn’t kill the host, because the host
represents the parasites food supply.
Other examples?
PARASITISM
PARASITISM
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Goldenrod Ball Gall Fly
A Fly lays eggs on
goldenrod, then larvae
uses the plant for food,
which creates a growth
that kills the plant
INTERSPECIES COMPETITION
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This happens when two or more species need the same
resource.
This type of competition helps to limit the size of the
populations of the competing species.
Examples?
PREDATOR-PREY
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A predator prey relationship involves an animal using the
other for food.
The predator acts as the hunter, and the prey acts as the
food in the relationship.
Examples?
Think about it
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Why are these relationships important?
Multimedia
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGSUU3E9ZoM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqa0OPbdvjw
NICHE
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A niche is the role of an organism within a particular
ecosystem.
This includes what an organism eats, what eats it, its
habitat, nesting sites or range, and its effect on both the
populations around it and its environment.
What is included in your niche?
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As humans do you compete for your niche?
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NICHE
NICHE
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There are two types of niches
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Broad Niche – many adaptations to survive several conditions
(Generalists)
Narrow Niche – few adaptations for survival (Specialists)
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Any examples of animals that fit those niches?
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Pandas are examples of animals that are specialists. They only
eat Bamboo, which limits where they can live.
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The Page of Cuteness!
AGAIN WITH THE CAMELS…
BROAD OR NARROW NICHE?
NICHE
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Complete the Niche organization sheet. Tear off the last
sheet and hand in to Ms. Deanne
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This is an INDIVIDUAL assignment