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CODE - CIFGHI - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 1 1 pt Which equation is the Roche limit for the case where the moon and planet have the same density? [Use these equations as a reminder.] 1. AR=2.5Rplanet . BKE=1/2 m v2 , where v is the speed Cv2 >2GMplanet /Rplanet , where v is the speed. DKE=3/2kT, where T is temperature. 1 pt The specific purpose of the 4.1-meter primary mirror of the SOAR Telescope is to 2. Arefract light. Banalyze light into its colors. Ccollect light. Dtake pictures. 1 pt To achieve the same angular resolution, a radio telescopes is much larger than an optical telescope because 3. Aradio telescopes must be more precise. Bthe wavelength of radio waves is much longer. Coptical telescopes must be more precise. Dradio waves are weaker. 1 pt [*] Consider this hypothetical discovery, which consists of three statements. S1: A planet is discovered beyond the orbit of Pluto. S2: Its density is 5 times the density of water. S3: It has many craters.would be very surprising. 4. AS2 & S3 BNone of the statements CS3 DS2 ES1, S2, & S3 1 pt Which is not a moon of Jupiter? 5. AIo BTitan CEuropa DGanymede ECallisto CODE - CIFGHI - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 2 1 pt You are equiped with a suit that supplies air to breathe and keeps you warm or cool. On which of these moons or planets could you not land? 6. APluto BMars CCallisto DSaturn 1 pt The planet that is fourth closest to the sun is 7. AVenus. BMars. CJupiter. DEarth. ESaturn. 1 pt Potassium 40, which decays into argon 40, is used to figure out the age of meteorites. Why is there no argon 40 in the meteor when it formed? 8. ANo argon 40 had been produced in the solar system when the meteor formed. BArgon condenses at an extremely low temperature. CArgon collected in the massive asteroids. DAll the argon collected in the jovian planets. 1 pt The age of the solar system is years. 9. A65 Million B13 Billion C1 Billion D4.5 Billion 1 pt Whattriggered the collapse of the gas cloud that became the solar system. 10. AThe Big Bang BA supernova, an exploding star CThe pressure of a massive star DGravity 1 pt Which one of these statements is true for the nucleus of Halley’s comet? 11. AIts shape is roughly spherical. BIt is about the size of Michigan. CIt is made mostly of carbon. DIts surface is uniform. EIt is very black. CODE - CIFGHI - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 3 1 pt Why does the tail of a comet point away from the sun? 12. AThe magnetic field of the sun keeps the tail pointing away. BGas from the comet, heated by the sun, pushes the tail away from the sun. CThe solar wind blows gas and dust away from the sun. DConservation of angular momentum keeps the tail pointing away. 1 pt Which of the following statements comparing the jovian interiors is not thought to be true? 13. AThey all have cores of roughly the same mass. BThey all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. CThey all have cores that contain at least some rock and metal. DDeep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. 1 pt The clouds on the surface of Jupiter are not made of condensed 14. Ahydrogen. Bammonium hydrosulfide. Cammonia. Dwater. 1 pt Why can the material in the rings of Jovian planets not collect to form moons? 15. AThe rings are not made of sticky material BThere is not enough material CThe rings are inside the Roche limit DThe rings are too thin 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 16. AIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. BUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space. CIt is frozen in craters near the poles. DWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. CODE - CIFGHI - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 4 1 pt Astronomers believe that Mars had liquid water in the past because 17. Aphotographs show smooth rocks Bthe space probe Odyssey found water ice. Cmicroscopic fossils were found. Dphotographs show dry riverbeds. 1 pt Why does Venus have so much more atmospheric gas than Earth? 18. ABecause of its lack of magnetic field, Venus has been able to gain gas through the process of bombardment, while Earth has not gained gas in this way. BEarth has lost much more gas to thermal escape than has Venus. CEarth has lost much more atmospheric gas than Venus, primarily to condensation of water vapor into liquid water and to chemical reactions that make carbonate rock. DVenus has gained much more gas through outgassing than has Earth. 3 pt [*] Uranus was able attract helium (mass=4) and molecular hydrogen (mass=2) to the core, which formed first. Assume that Uranus cannot keep a gas with mass=1. Imagine a hypothetical planet core formed at the same location with the same size and 1/10 as much mass. What is the minimum mass of the gas that this hypothetical planet can attract and keep? 19. A4 B10 C40 D2 E20 1 pt Which is evidence that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, has a hot interior. 20. AJupiter radiates a lot of infrared light. BIo is close to Jupiter. CIo has high radioactivity. DIo has volcanoes. 1 pt What is the source of the energy that heats Io? 21. ARadioactivity. BInfrared radiation from Jupiter. CMotion of the moons. DSolar energy. CODE - CIFGHI - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 5 1 pt [*] Hydrogen and helium make up more than 98% of the mass of the proto solar system. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make up 1%. Metals and other elements make up 0.6%. Why did the hydrogen and helium that was in the vicinity of the formingEarth not end up on the present Earth? R1: It was too hot for these to condense. R2: The solid earth was notmassive enough to hold on to these gases. R3: The solar wind blew these gasses away. The main reasons are.[Hint: Test your reasons with the case of Jupiter.] 22. AR1 & R2. BR2 & R3. CR1, R2, & R3. DR1 & R3. 1 pt What happened to the metals that were in the vicinity of the forming Earth? 23. AThey were driven off by the solar wind. BThe Jovian planets accreted them. CThey became asteroids. DThey are primarily in the core of the earth. CODE - CIFGHI - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 6 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 26. AUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. BWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. CIt is frozen in craters near the poles. DIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. 1 pt Which of the following is not a general characteristic of the four jovian planets in our solar system? 27. AThey lack solid surfaces. BThey are much more massive then any of the terrestrial planets. CThey are higher in average density than are the terrestrial planets. DThey are composed of mainly hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds. 1 pt The planets near the sun have a high density because 1 pt A giant hand suddenly moves the earth farther from the Sun. The temperature of the Earth cools. Which processwould certainly happen and cause the temperature to rise. 24. AVolcanoes are more active. BPlate tectonics become more active. CThere is less rain. DThere is more plant matter. 1 pt The space probe Odyssey found that the in regions north and south of 60 degrees latitude the surface is 50%water ice by volume. How is it that Odyssey was able to detect this water? 25. AThe Odyssey sent a surface probe down to collect samples. BOdyssey detected the differences in the energy of the neutrons coming off the surface of the planet. CThe density of the surface was greater where there is no water. DThe color of the surface is different where there is water. EThe temperature of the surface is cooler where there was so much ice. 28. AThe lighter materials could not condense because the proto planet fell too far and became too hot. BThe sun evaporated the lighter materials CThe lighter materials escaped the planets gravity DThe sun prevented the lighter materials from condensing. 1 pt The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth, even though it is far inside the Roche limit. The Hubble Space telescope is not broken apart because 29. AThe Roche limit will cause the Space Telescope to break up after some time. BThe density of the Space Telescope is too high. CGravity does not apply to weightless conditions. Dthe Roche limit does not apply to something held together by atomic bonds. 1 pt [*] The energy levels 1-4 of Hydrogen are 0, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.8 electron volts (eV), repectively. The Hydrogen is so cool that the electrons are all in level 1. The Hydrogen gas absorbs photons of energy 12.1 eV. When the electrons lose energy, light of different energies will be emitted. 30. A1 B3 C2 Dmore than 3 CODE - CIFGHI - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 7 1 pt [*] Do the lamps L & R at the front of the room emit thermal (black body) radiation? 31. AYes for both. BNo for L; yes for R. CNo for both. DYes for L; no for R. 1 pt [*] While walking home around 9 pm, you see the moon of the moon is lit. rising. 32. AAlmost all BLess than half CLittle DMore than half EHalf 1 pt [*] A giant hand suddenly doubled the mass of the sun and adjusted the motion of the earth to keep it in the same path. The giant hand would have had to make the earth . 33. Amove the same Bmove faster Cmove slower 1 pt [*] Suppose a new comet is discovered with a period of 29.5 years, which is the same as that of Saturn. The orbit of the comet is highly elliptical. Saturn is 9.5 AU from the sun. Draw the orbits of the comet and Saturn. Be certain to include the sun. Your drawing must show accurate relative sizes. 34. Leave blank on scoring form Printed from LON-CAPA MSU Licensed under GNU General Public License CODE - CIFGHI - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 8 CODE - DCABFA - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 1 1 pt Which equation is the Roche limit for the case where the moon and planet have the same density? [Use these equations as a reminder.] 1. Av2 >2GMplanet /Rplanet , where v is the speed. BKE=3/2kT, where T is temperature. CKE=1/2 m v2 , where v is the speed DR=2.5Rplanet . 1 pt The specific purpose of the 4.1-meter primary mirror of the SOAR Telescope is to 2. Atake pictures. Bcollect light. Canalyze light into its colors. Drefract light. 1 pt To achieve the same angular resolution, a radio telescopes is much larger than an optical telescope because 3. Aoptical telescopes must be more precise. Bradio waves are weaker. Cradio telescopes must be more precise. Dthe wavelength of radio waves is much longer. 1 pt [*] Consider this hypothetical discovery, which consists of three statements. S1: A planet is discovered beyond the orbit of Pluto. S2: Its density is 5 times the density of water. S3: It has many craters.would be very surprising. 4. AS3 BS2 CNone of the statements DS1, S2, & S3 ES2 & S3 1 pt Which is not a moon of Jupiter? 5. AGanymede BIo CCallisto DEuropa ETitan CODE - DCABFA - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 2 1 pt You are equiped with a suit that supplies air to breathe and keeps you warm or cool. On which of these moons or planets could you not land? 6. ACallisto BSaturn CPluto DMars 1 pt The planet that is fourth closest to the sun is 7. ASaturn. BVenus. CEarth. DMars. EJupiter. 1 pt Potassium 40, which decays into argon 40, is used to figure out the age of meteorites. Why is there no argon 40 in the meteor when it formed? 8. AArgon condenses at an extremely low temperature. BArgon collected in the massive asteroids. CNo argon 40 had been produced in the solar system when the meteor formed. DAll the argon collected in the jovian planets. 1 pt The age of the solar system is years. 9. A4.5 Billion B1 Billion C65 Million D13 Billion 1 pt Whattriggered the collapse of the gas cloud that became the solar system. 10. AThe pressure of a massive star BThe Big Bang CA supernova, an exploding star DGravity 1 pt Which one of these statements is true for the nucleus of Halley’s comet? 11. AIts surface is uniform. BIt is very black. CIt is made mostly of carbon. DIt is about the size of Michigan. EIts shape is roughly spherical. CODE - DCABFA - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 3 1 pt Why does the tail of a comet point away from the sun? 12. AThe magnetic field of the sun keeps the tail pointing away. BConservation of angular momentum keeps the tail pointing away. CGas from the comet, heated by the sun, pushes the tail away from the sun. DThe solar wind blows gas and dust away from the sun. 1 pt Which of the following statements comparing the jovian interiors is not thought to be true? 13. ADeep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. BThey all have cores of roughly the same mass. CThey all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. DThey all have cores that contain at least some rock and metal. 1 pt The clouds on the surface of Jupiter are not made of condensed 14. Aammonia. Bhydrogen. Cwater. Dammonium hydrosulfide. 1 pt Why can the material in the rings of Jovian planets not collect to form moons? 15. AThere is not enough material BThe rings are not made of sticky material CThe rings are too thin DThe rings are inside the Roche limit 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 16. AIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. BIt is frozen in craters near the poles. CUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space. DWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. CODE - DCABFA - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 4 1 pt Astronomers believe that Mars had liquid water in the past because 17. Aphotographs show dry riverbeds. Bthe space probe Odyssey found water ice. Cmicroscopic fossils were found. Dphotographs show smooth rocks 1 pt Why does Venus have so much more atmospheric gas than Earth? 18. ABecause of its lack of magnetic field, Venus has been able to gain gas through the process of bombardment, while Earth has not gained gas in this way. BVenus has gained much more gas through outgassing than has Earth. CEarth has lost much more gas to thermal escape than has Venus. DEarth has lost much more atmospheric gas than Venus, primarily to condensation of water vapor into liquid water and to chemical reactions that make carbonate rock. 3 pt [*] Uranus was able attract helium (mass=4) and molecular hydrogen (mass=2) to the core, which formed first. Assume that Uranus cannot keep a gas with mass=1. Imagine a hypothetical planet core formed at the same location with the same size and 1/10 as much mass. What is the minimum mass of the gas that this hypothetical planet can attract and keep? 19. A2 B20 C10 D40 E4 1 pt Which is evidence that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, has a hot interior. 20. AIo has volcanoes. BJupiter radiates a lot of infrared light. CIo has high radioactivity. DIo is close to Jupiter. 1 pt What is the source of the energy that heats Io? 21. AInfrared radiation from Jupiter. BSolar energy. CRadioactivity. DMotion of the moons. CODE - DCABFA - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 5 1 pt [*] Hydrogen and helium make up more than 98% of the mass of the proto solar system. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make up 1%. Metals and other elements make up 0.6%. Why did the hydrogen and helium that was in the vicinity of the formingEarth not end up on the present Earth? R1: It was too hot for these to condense. R2: The solid earth was notmassive enough to hold on to these gases. R3: The solar wind blew these gasses away. The main reasons are.[Hint: Test your reasons with the case of Jupiter.] 22. AR1 & R3. BR1 & R2. CR1, R2, & R3. DR2 & R3. 1 pt What happened to the metals that were in the vicinity of the forming Earth? 23. AThey are primarily in the core of the earth. BThe Jovian planets accreted them. CThey were driven off by the solar wind. DThey became asteroids. CODE - DCABFA - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 6 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 26. AIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. BIt is frozen in craters near the poles. CWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. DUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. 1 pt Which of the following is not a general characteristic of the four jovian planets in our solar system? 27. AThey lack solid surfaces. BThey are composed of mainly hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds. CThey are much more massive then any of the terrestrial planets. DThey are higher in average density than are the terrestrial planets. 1 pt The planets near the sun have a high density because 1 pt A giant hand suddenly moves the earth farther from the Sun. The temperature of the Earth cools. Which processwould certainly happen and cause the temperature to rise. 24. AVolcanoes are more active. BThere is more plant matter. CPlate tectonics become more active. DThere is less rain. 1 pt The space probe Odyssey found that the in regions north and south of 60 degrees latitude the surface is 50%water ice by volume. How is it that Odyssey was able to detect this water? 25. AThe color of the surface is different where there is water. BThe Odyssey sent a surface probe down to collect samples. COdyssey detected the differences in the energy of the neutrons coming off the surface of the planet. DThe density of the surface was greater where there is no water. EThe temperature of the surface is cooler where there was so much ice. 28. AThe lighter materials escaped the planets gravity BThe lighter materials could not condense because the proto planet fell too far and became too hot. CThe sun evaporated the lighter materials DThe sun prevented the lighter materials from condensing. 1 pt The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth, even though it is far inside the Roche limit. The Hubble Space telescope is not broken apart because 29. Athe Roche limit does not apply to something held together by atomic bonds. BGravity does not apply to weightless conditions. CThe density of the Space Telescope is too high. DThe Roche limit will cause the Space Telescope to break up after some time. 1 pt [*] The energy levels 1-4 of Hydrogen are 0, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.8 electron volts (eV), repectively. The Hydrogen is so cool that the electrons are all in level 1. The Hydrogen gas absorbs photons of energy 12.1 eV. When the electrons lose energy, light of different energies will be emitted. 30. Amore than 3 B1 C3 D2 CODE - DCABFA - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 7 1 pt [*] Do the lamps L & R at the front of the room emit thermal (black body) radiation? 31. ANo for both. BYes for both. CNo for L; yes for R. DYes for L; no for R. 1 pt [*] While walking home around 9 pm, you see the moon of the moon is lit. rising. 32. AMore than half BHalf CLittle DLess than half EAlmost all 1 pt [*] A giant hand suddenly doubled the mass of the sun and adjusted the motion of the earth to keep it in the same path. The giant hand would have had to make the earth . 33. Amove the same Bmove slower Cmove faster 1 pt [*] Suppose a new comet is discovered with a period of 29.5 years, which is the same as that of Saturn. The orbit of the comet is highly elliptical. Saturn is 9.5 AU from the sun. Draw the orbits of the comet and Saturn. Be certain to include the sun. Your drawing must show accurate relative sizes. 34. Leave blank on scoring form Printed from LON-CAPA MSU Licensed under GNU General Public License CODE - DCABFA - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 8 CODE - DECFBG - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 1 1 pt Which equation is the Roche limit for the case where the moon and planet have the same density? [Use these equations as a reminder.] 1. Av2 >2GMplanet /Rplanet , where v is the speed. BR=2.5Rplanet . CKE=3/2kT, where T is temperature. DKE=1/2 m v2 , where v is the speed 1 pt The specific purpose of the 4.1-meter primary mirror of the SOAR Telescope is to 2. Atake pictures. Banalyze light into its colors. Crefract light. Dcollect light. 1 pt To achieve the same angular resolution, a radio telescopes is much larger than an optical telescope because 3. Aoptical telescopes must be more precise. Bthe wavelength of radio waves is much longer. Cradio waves are weaker. Dradio telescopes must be more precise. 1 pt [*] Consider this hypothetical discovery, which consists of three statements. S1: A planet is discovered beyond the orbit of Pluto. S2: Its density is 5 times the density of water. S3: It has many craters.would be very surprising. 4. AS3 BS1, S2, & S3 CS2 & S3 DNone of the statements ES2 1 pt Which is not a moon of Jupiter? 5. AGanymede BCallisto CTitan DIo EEuropa CODE - DECFBG - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 2 1 pt You are equiped with a suit that supplies air to breathe and keeps you warm or cool. On which of these moons or planets could you not land? 6. ACallisto BMars CPluto DSaturn 1 pt The planet that is fourth closest to the sun is 7. ASaturn. BMars. CEarth. DVenus. EJupiter. 1 pt Potassium 40, which decays into argon 40, is used to figure out the age of meteorites. Why is there no argon 40 in the meteor when it formed? 8. AArgon collected in the massive asteroids. BArgon condenses at an extremely low temperature. CNo argon 40 had been produced in the solar system when the meteor formed. DAll the argon collected in the jovian planets. 1 pt The age of the solar system is years. 9. A1 Billion B13 Billion C4.5 Billion D65 Million 1 pt Whattriggered the collapse of the gas cloud that became the solar system. 10. AA supernova, an exploding star BThe pressure of a massive star CGravity DThe Big Bang 1 pt Which one of these statements is true for the nucleus of Halley’s comet? 11. AIts surface is uniform. BIts shape is roughly spherical. CIt is made mostly of carbon. DIt is about the size of Michigan. EIt is very black. CODE - DECFBG - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 3 1 pt Why does the tail of a comet point away from the sun? 12. AThe magnetic field of the sun keeps the tail pointing away. BGas from the comet, heated by the sun, pushes the tail away from the sun. CThe solar wind blows gas and dust away from the sun. DConservation of angular momentum keeps the tail pointing away. 1 pt Which of the following statements comparing the jovian interiors is not thought to be true? 13. ADeep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. BThey all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. CThey all have cores that contain at least some rock and metal. DThey all have cores of roughly the same mass. 1 pt The clouds on the surface of Jupiter are not made of condensed 14. Aammonia. Bammonium hydrosulfide. Cwater. Dhydrogen. 1 pt Why can the material in the rings of Jovian planets not collect to form moons? 15. AThere is not enough material BThe rings are too thin CThe rings are inside the Roche limit DThe rings are not made of sticky material 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 16. AIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. BUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space. CWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. DIt is frozen in craters near the poles. CODE - DECFBG - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 4 1 pt Astronomers believe that Mars had liquid water in the past because 17. Athe space probe Odyssey found water ice. Bphotographs show smooth rocks Cmicroscopic fossils were found. Dphotographs show dry riverbeds. 1 pt Why does Venus have so much more atmospheric gas than Earth? 18. ABecause of its lack of magnetic field, Venus has been able to gain gas through the process of bombardment, while Earth has not gained gas in this way. BEarth has lost much more gas to thermal escape than has Venus. CEarth has lost much more atmospheric gas than Venus, primarily to condensation of water vapor into liquid water and to chemical reactions that make carbonate rock. DVenus has gained much more gas through outgassing than has Earth. 3 pt [*] Uranus was able attract helium (mass=4) and molecular hydrogen (mass=2) to the core, which formed first. Assume that Uranus cannot keep a gas with mass=1. Imagine a hypothetical planet core formed at the same location with the same size and 1/10 as much mass. What is the minimum mass of the gas that this hypothetical planet can attract and keep? 19. A2 B10 C4 D40 E20 1 pt Which is evidence that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, has a hot interior. 20. AJupiter radiates a lot of infrared light. BIo is close to Jupiter. CIo has high radioactivity. DIo has volcanoes. 1 pt What is the source of the energy that heats Io? 21. AInfrared radiation from Jupiter. BMotion of the moons. CRadioactivity. DSolar energy. CODE - DECFBG - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 5 1 pt [*] Hydrogen and helium make up more than 98% of the mass of the proto solar system. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make up 1%. Metals and other elements make up 0.6%. Why did the hydrogen and helium that was in the vicinity of the formingEarth not end up on the present Earth? R1: It was too hot for these to condense. R2: The solid earth was notmassive enough to hold on to these gases. R3: The solar wind blew these gasses away. The main reasons are.[Hint: Test your reasons with the case of Jupiter.] 22. AR1 & R2. BR1 & R3. CR2 & R3. DR1, R2, & R3. 1 pt What happened to the metals that were in the vicinity of the forming Earth? 23. AThe Jovian planets accreted them. BThey became asteroids. CThey were driven off by the solar wind. DThey are primarily in the core of the earth. CODE - DECFBG - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 6 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 26. AIt is frozen in craters near the poles. BUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. CWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. DIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. 1 pt Which of the following is not a general characteristic of the four jovian planets in our solar system? 27. AThey are composed of mainly hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds. BThey are much more massive then any of the terrestrial planets. CThey are higher in average density than are the terrestrial planets. DThey lack solid surfaces. 1 pt The planets near the sun have a high density because 1 pt A giant hand suddenly moves the earth farther from the Sun. The temperature of the Earth cools. Which processwould certainly happen and cause the temperature to rise. 24. AVolcanoes are more active. BPlate tectonics become more active. CThere is less rain. DThere is more plant matter. 1 pt The space probe Odyssey found that the in regions north and south of 60 degrees latitude the surface is 50%water ice by volume. How is it that Odyssey was able to detect this water? 25. AThe color of the surface is different where there is water. BOdyssey detected the differences in the energy of the neutrons coming off the surface of the planet. CThe temperature of the surface is cooler where there was so much ice. DThe density of the surface was greater where there is no water. EThe Odyssey sent a surface probe down to collect samples. 28. AThe lighter materials could not condense because the proto planet fell too far and became too hot. BThe lighter materials escaped the planets gravity CThe sun prevented the lighter materials from condensing. DThe sun evaporated the lighter materials 1 pt The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth, even though it is far inside the Roche limit. The Hubble Space telescope is not broken apart because 29. AGravity does not apply to weightless conditions. BThe Roche limit will cause the Space Telescope to break up after some time. CThe density of the Space Telescope is too high. Dthe Roche limit does not apply to something held together by atomic bonds. 1 pt [*] The energy levels 1-4 of Hydrogen are 0, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.8 electron volts (eV), repectively. The Hydrogen is so cool that the electrons are all in level 1. The Hydrogen gas absorbs photons of energy 12.1 eV. When the electrons lose energy, light of different energies will be emitted. 30. Amore than 3 B3 C2 D1 CODE - DECFBG - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 7 1 pt [*] Do the lamps L & R at the front of the room emit thermal (black body) radiation? 31. AYes for both. BNo for both. CYes for L; no for R. DNo for L; yes for R. 1 pt [*] While walking home around 9 pm, you see the moon of the moon is lit. rising. 32. AHalf BAlmost all CLittle DMore than half ELess than half 1 pt [*] A giant hand suddenly doubled the mass of the sun and adjusted the motion of the earth to keep it in the same path. The giant hand would have had to make the earth . 33. Amove slower Bmove faster Cmove the same 1 pt [*] Suppose a new comet is discovered with a period of 29.5 years, which is the same as that of Saturn. The orbit of the comet is highly elliptical. Saturn is 9.5 AU from the sun. Draw the orbits of the comet and Saturn. Be certain to include the sun. Your drawing must show accurate relative sizes. 34. Leave blank on scoring form Printed from LON-CAPA MSU Licensed under GNU General Public License CODE - DECFBG - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 8 CODE - EIJHFJ - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 1 1 pt Which equation is the Roche limit for the case where the moon and planet have the same density? [Use these equations as a reminder.] 1. AKE=1/2 m v2 , where v is the speed BKE=3/2kT, where T is temperature. Cv2 >2GMplanet /Rplanet , where v is the speed. DR=2.5Rplanet . 1 pt The specific purpose of the 4.1-meter primary mirror of the SOAR Telescope is to 2. Arefract light. Bcollect light. Ctake pictures. Danalyze light into its colors. 1 pt To achieve the same angular resolution, a radio telescopes is much larger than an optical telescope because 3. Athe wavelength of radio waves is much longer. Bradio telescopes must be more precise. Cradio waves are weaker. Doptical telescopes must be more precise. 1 pt [*] Consider this hypothetical discovery, which consists of three statements. S1: A planet is discovered beyond the orbit of Pluto. S2: Its density is 5 times the density of water. S3: It has many craters.would be very surprising. 4. AS2 & S3 BS1, S2, & S3 CS2 DNone of the statements ES3 1 pt Which is not a moon of Jupiter? 5. ATitan BIo CGanymede DCallisto EEuropa CODE - EIJHFJ - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 2 1 pt You are equiped with a suit that supplies air to breathe and keeps you warm or cool. On which of these moons or planets could you not land? 6. APluto BCallisto CSaturn DMars 1 pt The planet that is fourth closest to the sun is 7. AEarth. BMars. CJupiter. DSaturn. EVenus. 1 pt Potassium 40, which decays into argon 40, is used to figure out the age of meteorites. Why is there no argon 40 in the meteor when it formed? 8. AArgon condenses at an extremely low temperature. BNo argon 40 had been produced in the solar system when the meteor formed. CArgon collected in the massive asteroids. DAll the argon collected in the jovian planets. 1 pt The age of the solar system is years. 9. A65 Million B1 Billion C13 Billion D4.5 Billion 1 pt Whattriggered the collapse of the gas cloud that became the solar system. 10. AGravity BA supernova, an exploding star CThe pressure of a massive star DThe Big Bang 1 pt Which one of these statements is true for the nucleus of Halley’s comet? 11. AIt is about the size of Michigan. BIts shape is roughly spherical. CIts surface is uniform. DIt is made mostly of carbon. EIt is very black. CODE - EIJHFJ - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 3 1 pt Why does the tail of a comet point away from the sun? 12. AConservation of angular momentum keeps the tail pointing away. BGas from the comet, heated by the sun, pushes the tail away from the sun. CThe solar wind blows gas and dust away from the sun. DThe magnetic field of the sun keeps the tail pointing away. 1 pt Which of the following statements comparing the jovian interiors is not thought to be true? 13. AThey all have cores that contain at least some rock and metal. BThey all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. CThey all have cores of roughly the same mass. DDeep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. 1 pt The clouds on the surface of Jupiter are not made of condensed 14. Ahydrogen. Bwater. Cammonia. Dammonium hydrosulfide. 1 pt Why can the material in the rings of Jovian planets not collect to form moons? 15. AThe rings are not made of sticky material BThe rings are too thin CThe rings are inside the Roche limit DThere is not enough material 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 16. AIt is frozen in craters near the poles. BUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space. CWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. DIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. CODE - EIJHFJ - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 4 1 pt Astronomers believe that Mars had liquid water in the past because 17. Aphotographs show smooth rocks Bthe space probe Odyssey found water ice. Cmicroscopic fossils were found. Dphotographs show dry riverbeds. 1 pt Why does Venus have so much more atmospheric gas than Earth? 18. AVenus has gained much more gas through outgassing than has Earth. BEarth has lost much more gas to thermal escape than has Venus. CEarth has lost much more atmospheric gas than Venus, primarily to condensation of water vapor into liquid water and to chemical reactions that make carbonate rock. DBecause of its lack of magnetic field, Venus has been able to gain gas through the process of bombardment, while Earth has not gained gas in this way. 3 pt [*] Uranus was able attract helium (mass=4) and molecular hydrogen (mass=2) to the core, which formed first. Assume that Uranus cannot keep a gas with mass=1. Imagine a hypothetical planet core formed at the same location with the same size and 1/10 as much mass. What is the minimum mass of the gas that this hypothetical planet can attract and keep? 19. A40 B10 C2 D20 E4 1 pt Which is evidence that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, has a hot interior. 20. AIo is close to Jupiter. BJupiter radiates a lot of infrared light. CIo has high radioactivity. DIo has volcanoes. 1 pt What is the source of the energy that heats Io? 21. ASolar energy. BRadioactivity. CMotion of the moons. DInfrared radiation from Jupiter. CODE - EIJHFJ - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 5 1 pt [*] Hydrogen and helium make up more than 98% of the mass of the proto solar system. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make up 1%. Metals and other elements make up 0.6%. Why did the hydrogen and helium that was in the vicinity of the formingEarth not end up on the present Earth? R1: It was too hot for these to condense. R2: The solid earth was notmassive enough to hold on to these gases. R3: The solar wind blew these gasses away. The main reasons are.[Hint: Test your reasons with the case of Jupiter.] 22. AR1 & R2. BR1, R2, & R3. CR1 & R3. DR2 & R3. 1 pt What happened to the metals that were in the vicinity of the forming Earth? 23. AThey were driven off by the solar wind. BThe Jovian planets accreted them. CThey became asteroids. DThey are primarily in the core of the earth. CODE - EIJHFJ - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 6 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 26. AWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. BUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. CIt is frozen in craters near the poles. DIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. 1 pt Which of the following is not a general characteristic of the four jovian planets in our solar system? 27. AThey are higher in average density than are the terrestrial planets. BThey are composed of mainly hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds. CThey are much more massive then any of the terrestrial planets. DThey lack solid surfaces. 1 pt The planets near the sun have a high density because 1 pt A giant hand suddenly moves the earth farther from the Sun. The temperature of the Earth cools. Which processwould certainly happen and cause the temperature to rise. 24. APlate tectonics become more active. BThere is more plant matter. CThere is less rain. DVolcanoes are more active. 1 pt The space probe Odyssey found that the in regions north and south of 60 degrees latitude the surface is 50%water ice by volume. How is it that Odyssey was able to detect this water? 25. AThe temperature of the surface is cooler where there was so much ice. BOdyssey detected the differences in the energy of the neutrons coming off the surface of the planet. CThe color of the surface is different where there is water. DThe Odyssey sent a surface probe down to collect samples. EThe density of the surface was greater where there is no water. 28. AThe lighter materials could not condense because the proto planet fell too far and became too hot. BThe sun prevented the lighter materials from condensing. CThe lighter materials escaped the planets gravity DThe sun evaporated the lighter materials 1 pt The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth, even though it is far inside the Roche limit. The Hubble Space telescope is not broken apart because 29. AThe density of the Space Telescope is too high. BThe Roche limit will cause the Space Telescope to break up after some time. CGravity does not apply to weightless conditions. Dthe Roche limit does not apply to something held together by atomic bonds. 1 pt [*] The energy levels 1-4 of Hydrogen are 0, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.8 electron volts (eV), repectively. The Hydrogen is so cool that the electrons are all in level 1. The Hydrogen gas absorbs photons of energy 12.1 eV. When the electrons lose energy, light of different energies will be emitted. 30. A2 B3 C1 Dmore than 3 CODE - EIJHFJ - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 7 1 pt [*] Do the lamps L & R at the front of the room emit thermal (black body) radiation? 31. AYes for both. BNo for L; yes for R. CNo for both. DYes for L; no for R. 1 pt [*] While walking home around 9 pm, you see the moon of the moon is lit. rising. 32. ALess than half BLittle CHalf DMore than half EAlmost all 1 pt [*] A giant hand suddenly doubled the mass of the sun and adjusted the motion of the earth to keep it in the same path. The giant hand would have had to make the earth . 33. Amove slower Bmove faster Cmove the same 1 pt [*] Suppose a new comet is discovered with a period of 29.5 years, which is the same as that of Saturn. The orbit of the comet is highly elliptical. Saturn is 9.5 AU from the sun. Draw the orbits of the comet and Saturn. Be certain to include the sun. Your drawing must show accurate relative sizes. 34. Leave blank on scoring form Printed from LON-CAPA MSU Licensed under GNU General Public License CODE - EIJHFJ - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 8 CODE - FADHEH - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 1 1 pt Which equation is the Roche limit for the case where the moon and planet have the same density? [Use these equations as a reminder.] 1. AKE=1/2 m v2 , where v is the speed BKE=3/2kT, where T is temperature. CR=2.5Rplanet . Dv2 >2GMplanet /Rplanet , where v is the speed. 1 pt The specific purpose of the 4.1-meter primary mirror of the SOAR Telescope is to 2. Acollect light. Btake pictures. Canalyze light into its colors. Drefract light. 1 pt To achieve the same angular resolution, a radio telescopes is much larger than an optical telescope because 3. Aradio telescopes must be more precise. Bradio waves are weaker. Cthe wavelength of radio waves is much longer. Doptical telescopes must be more precise. 1 pt [*] Consider this hypothetical discovery, which consists of three statements. S1: A planet is discovered beyond the orbit of Pluto. S2: Its density is 5 times the density of water. S3: It has many craters.would be very surprising. 4. AS3 BS2 CS1, S2, & S3 DS2 & S3 ENone of the statements 1 pt Which is not a moon of Jupiter? 5. AIo BCallisto CEuropa DTitan EGanymede CODE - FADHEH - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 2 1 pt You are equiped with a suit that supplies air to breathe and keeps you warm or cool. On which of these moons or planets could you not land? 6. APluto BSaturn CCallisto DMars 1 pt The planet that is fourth closest to the sun is 7. ASaturn. BVenus. CMars. DJupiter. EEarth. 1 pt Potassium 40, which decays into argon 40, is used to figure out the age of meteorites. Why is there no argon 40 in the meteor when it formed? 8. AArgon condenses at an extremely low temperature. BNo argon 40 had been produced in the solar system when the meteor formed. CArgon collected in the massive asteroids. DAll the argon collected in the jovian planets. 1 pt The age of the solar system is years. 9. A1 Billion B65 Million C13 Billion D4.5 Billion 1 pt Whattriggered the collapse of the gas cloud that became the solar system. 10. AThe Big Bang BA supernova, an exploding star CGravity DThe pressure of a massive star 1 pt Which one of these statements is true for the nucleus of Halley’s comet? 11. AIt is very black. BIts shape is roughly spherical. CIt is made mostly of carbon. DIt is about the size of Michigan. EIts surface is uniform. CODE - FADHEH - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 3 1 pt Why does the tail of a comet point away from the sun? 12. AThe magnetic field of the sun keeps the tail pointing away. BConservation of angular momentum keeps the tail pointing away. CGas from the comet, heated by the sun, pushes the tail away from the sun. DThe solar wind blows gas and dust away from the sun. 1 pt Which of the following statements comparing the jovian interiors is not thought to be true? 13. AThey all have cores of roughly the same mass. BDeep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. CThey all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. DThey all have cores that contain at least some rock and metal. 1 pt The clouds on the surface of Jupiter are not made of condensed 14. Ahydrogen. Bammonium hydrosulfide. Cammonia. Dwater. 1 pt Why can the material in the rings of Jovian planets not collect to form moons? 15. AThere is not enough material BThe rings are not made of sticky material CThe rings are too thin DThe rings are inside the Roche limit 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 16. AIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. BWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. CUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space. DIt is frozen in craters near the poles. CODE - FADHEH - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 4 1 pt Astronomers believe that Mars had liquid water in the past because 17. Aphotographs show dry riverbeds. Bthe space probe Odyssey found water ice. Cmicroscopic fossils were found. Dphotographs show smooth rocks 1 pt Why does Venus have so much more atmospheric gas than Earth? 18. ABecause of its lack of magnetic field, Venus has been able to gain gas through the process of bombardment, while Earth has not gained gas in this way. BVenus has gained much more gas through outgassing than has Earth. CEarth has lost much more gas to thermal escape than has Venus. DEarth has lost much more atmospheric gas than Venus, primarily to condensation of water vapor into liquid water and to chemical reactions that make carbonate rock. 3 pt [*] Uranus was able attract helium (mass=4) and molecular hydrogen (mass=2) to the core, which formed first. Assume that Uranus cannot keep a gas with mass=1. Imagine a hypothetical planet core formed at the same location with the same size and 1/10 as much mass. What is the minimum mass of the gas that this hypothetical planet can attract and keep? 19. A4 B20 C10 D2 E40 1 pt Which is evidence that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, has a hot interior. 20. AIo has volcanoes. BJupiter radiates a lot of infrared light. CIo has high radioactivity. DIo is close to Jupiter. 1 pt What is the source of the energy that heats Io? 21. ARadioactivity. BSolar energy. CMotion of the moons. DInfrared radiation from Jupiter. CODE - FADHEH - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 5 1 pt [*] Hydrogen and helium make up more than 98% of the mass of the proto solar system. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make up 1%. Metals and other elements make up 0.6%. Why did the hydrogen and helium that was in the vicinity of the formingEarth not end up on the present Earth? R1: It was too hot for these to condense. R2: The solid earth was notmassive enough to hold on to these gases. R3: The solar wind blew these gasses away. The main reasons are.[Hint: Test your reasons with the case of Jupiter.] 22. AR2 & R3. BR1 & R2. CR1 & R3. DR1, R2, & R3. 1 pt What happened to the metals that were in the vicinity of the forming Earth? 23. AThey are primarily in the core of the earth. BThe Jovian planets accreted them. CThey were driven off by the solar wind. DThey became asteroids. CODE - FADHEH - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 6 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 26. AIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. BUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. CWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. DIt is frozen in craters near the poles. 1 pt Which of the following is not a general characteristic of the four jovian planets in our solar system? 27. AThey lack solid surfaces. BThey are composed of mainly hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds. CThey are much more massive then any of the terrestrial planets. DThey are higher in average density than are the terrestrial planets. 1 pt The planets near the sun have a high density because 1 pt A giant hand suddenly moves the earth farther from the Sun. The temperature of the Earth cools. Which processwould certainly happen and cause the temperature to rise. 24. AVolcanoes are more active. BThere is more plant matter. CPlate tectonics become more active. DThere is less rain. 1 pt The space probe Odyssey found that the in regions north and south of 60 degrees latitude the surface is 50%water ice by volume. How is it that Odyssey was able to detect this water? 25. AThe color of the surface is different where there is water. BThe Odyssey sent a surface probe down to collect samples. COdyssey detected the differences in the energy of the neutrons coming off the surface of the planet. DThe density of the surface was greater where there is no water. EThe temperature of the surface is cooler where there was so much ice. 28. AThe sun evaporated the lighter materials BThe lighter materials could not condense because the proto planet fell too far and became too hot. CThe sun prevented the lighter materials from condensing. DThe lighter materials escaped the planets gravity 1 pt The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth, even though it is far inside the Roche limit. The Hubble Space telescope is not broken apart because 29. Athe Roche limit does not apply to something held together by atomic bonds. BGravity does not apply to weightless conditions. CThe density of the Space Telescope is too high. DThe Roche limit will cause the Space Telescope to break up after some time. 1 pt [*] The energy levels 1-4 of Hydrogen are 0, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.8 electron volts (eV), repectively. The Hydrogen is so cool that the electrons are all in level 1. The Hydrogen gas absorbs photons of energy 12.1 eV. When the electrons lose energy, light of different energies will be emitted. 30. A1 Bmore than 3 C3 D2 CODE - FADHEH - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 7 1 pt [*] Do the lamps L & R at the front of the room emit thermal (black body) radiation? 31. AYes for both. BNo for both. CYes for L; no for R. DNo for L; yes for R. 1 pt [*] While walking home around 9 pm, you see the moon of the moon is lit. rising. 32. AHalf BLittle CLess than half DAlmost all EMore than half 1 pt [*] A giant hand suddenly doubled the mass of the sun and adjusted the motion of the earth to keep it in the same path. The giant hand would have had to make the earth . 33. Amove the same Bmove faster Cmove slower 1 pt [*] Suppose a new comet is discovered with a period of 29.5 years, which is the same as that of Saturn. The orbit of the comet is highly elliptical. Saturn is 9.5 AU from the sun. Draw the orbits of the comet and Saturn. Be certain to include the sun. Your drawing must show accurate relative sizes. 34. Leave blank on scoring form Printed from LON-CAPA MSU Licensed under GNU General Public License CODE - FADHEH - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 8 CODE - HBGGFD - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 1 1 pt Which equation is the Roche limit for the case where the moon and planet have the same density? [Use these equations as a reminder.] 1. AKE=1/2 m v2 , where v is the speed BKE=3/2kT, where T is temperature. Cv2 >2GMplanet /Rplanet , where v is the speed. DR=2.5Rplanet . 1 pt The specific purpose of the 4.1-meter primary mirror of the SOAR Telescope is to 2. Arefract light. Bcollect light. Ctake pictures. Danalyze light into its colors. 1 pt To achieve the same angular resolution, a radio telescopes is much larger than an optical telescope because 3. Aradio telescopes must be more precise. Bradio waves are weaker. Coptical telescopes must be more precise. Dthe wavelength of radio waves is much longer. 1 pt [*] Consider this hypothetical discovery, which consists of three statements. S1: A planet is discovered beyond the orbit of Pluto. S2: Its density is 5 times the density of water. S3: It has many craters.would be very surprising. 4. AS2 & S3 BS2 CS3 DNone of the statements ES1, S2, & S3 1 pt Which is not a moon of Jupiter? 5. AIo BCallisto CEuropa DGanymede ETitan CODE - HBGGFD - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 2 1 pt You are equiped with a suit that supplies air to breathe and keeps you warm or cool. On which of these moons or planets could you not land? 6. APluto BSaturn CCallisto DMars 1 pt The planet that is fourth closest to the sun is 7. AVenus. BEarth. CSaturn. DMars. EJupiter. 1 pt Potassium 40, which decays into argon 40, is used to figure out the age of meteorites. Why is there no argon 40 in the meteor when it formed? 8. AArgon condenses at an extremely low temperature. BArgon collected in the massive asteroids. CNo argon 40 had been produced in the solar system when the meteor formed. DAll the argon collected in the jovian planets. 1 pt The age of the solar system is years. 9. A4.5 Billion B65 Million C1 Billion D13 Billion 1 pt Whattriggered the collapse of the gas cloud that became the solar system. 10. AThe Big Bang BGravity CA supernova, an exploding star DThe pressure of a massive star 1 pt Which one of these statements is true for the nucleus of Halley’s comet? 11. AIts shape is roughly spherical. BIt is very black. CIts surface is uniform. DIt is made mostly of carbon. EIt is about the size of Michigan. CODE - HBGGFD - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 3 1 pt Why does the tail of a comet point away from the sun? 12. AConservation of angular momentum keeps the tail pointing away. BThe magnetic field of the sun keeps the tail pointing away. CGas from the comet, heated by the sun, pushes the tail away from the sun. DThe solar wind blows gas and dust away from the sun. 1 pt Which of the following statements comparing the jovian interiors is not thought to be true? 13. AThey all have cores of roughly the same mass. BDeep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. CThey all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. DThey all have cores that contain at least some rock and metal. 1 pt The clouds on the surface of Jupiter are not made of condensed 14. Aammonium hydrosulfide. Bhydrogen. Cwater. Dammonia. 1 pt Why can the material in the rings of Jovian planets not collect to form moons? 15. AThe rings are not made of sticky material BThe rings are too thin CThere is not enough material DThe rings are inside the Roche limit 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 16. AIt is frozen in craters near the poles. BIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. CUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space. DWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. CODE - HBGGFD - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 4 1 pt Astronomers believe that Mars had liquid water in the past because 17. Aphotographs show dry riverbeds. Bphotographs show smooth rocks Cmicroscopic fossils were found. Dthe space probe Odyssey found water ice. 1 pt Why does Venus have so much more atmospheric gas than Earth? 18. AVenus has gained much more gas through outgassing than has Earth. BEarth has lost much more gas to thermal escape than has Venus. CBecause of its lack of magnetic field, Venus has been able to gain gas through the process of bombardment, while Earth has not gained gas in this way. DEarth has lost much more atmospheric gas than Venus, primarily to condensation of water vapor into liquid water and to chemical reactions that make carbonate rock. 3 pt [*] Uranus was able attract helium (mass=4) and molecular hydrogen (mass=2) to the core, which formed first. Assume that Uranus cannot keep a gas with mass=1. Imagine a hypothetical planet core formed at the same location with the same size and 1/10 as much mass. What is the minimum mass of the gas that this hypothetical planet can attract and keep? 19. A4 B2 C10 D20 E40 1 pt Which is evidence that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, has a hot interior. 20. AIo has volcanoes. BIo is close to Jupiter. CIo has high radioactivity. DJupiter radiates a lot of infrared light. 1 pt What is the source of the energy that heats Io? 21. ARadioactivity. BSolar energy. CInfrared radiation from Jupiter. DMotion of the moons. CODE - HBGGFD - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 5 1 pt [*] Hydrogen and helium make up more than 98% of the mass of the proto solar system. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make up 1%. Metals and other elements make up 0.6%. Why did the hydrogen and helium that was in the vicinity of the formingEarth not end up on the present Earth? R1: It was too hot for these to condense. R2: The solid earth was notmassive enough to hold on to these gases. R3: The solar wind blew these gasses away. The main reasons are.[Hint: Test your reasons with the case of Jupiter.] 22. AR2 & R3. BR1 & R2. CR1 & R3. DR1, R2, & R3. 1 pt What happened to the metals that were in the vicinity of the forming Earth? 23. AThey are primarily in the core of the earth. BThey were driven off by the solar wind. CThey became asteroids. DThe Jovian planets accreted them. CODE - HBGGFD - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 6 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 26. AIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. BUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. CIt is frozen in craters near the poles. DWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. 1 pt Which of the following is not a general characteristic of the four jovian planets in our solar system? 27. AThey lack solid surfaces. BThey are composed of mainly hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds. CThey are much more massive then any of the terrestrial planets. DThey are higher in average density than are the terrestrial planets. 1 pt The planets near the sun have a high density because 1 pt A giant hand suddenly moves the earth farther from the Sun. The temperature of the Earth cools. Which processwould certainly happen and cause the temperature to rise. 24. APlate tectonics become more active. BThere is more plant matter. CVolcanoes are more active. DThere is less rain. 1 pt The space probe Odyssey found that the in regions north and south of 60 degrees latitude the surface is 50%water ice by volume. How is it that Odyssey was able to detect this water? 25. AThe Odyssey sent a surface probe down to collect samples. BThe temperature of the surface is cooler where there was so much ice. COdyssey detected the differences in the energy of the neutrons coming off the surface of the planet. DThe density of the surface was greater where there is no water. EThe color of the surface is different where there is water. 28. AThe sun evaporated the lighter materials BThe lighter materials could not condense because the proto planet fell too far and became too hot. CThe sun prevented the lighter materials from condensing. DThe lighter materials escaped the planets gravity 1 pt The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth, even though it is far inside the Roche limit. The Hubble Space telescope is not broken apart because 29. Athe Roche limit does not apply to something held together by atomic bonds. BThe Roche limit will cause the Space Telescope to break up after some time. CGravity does not apply to weightless conditions. DThe density of the Space Telescope is too high. 1 pt [*] The energy levels 1-4 of Hydrogen are 0, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.8 electron volts (eV), repectively. The Hydrogen is so cool that the electrons are all in level 1. The Hydrogen gas absorbs photons of energy 12.1 eV. When the electrons lose energy, light of different energies will be emitted. 30. A1 Bmore than 3 C3 D2 CODE - HBGGFD - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 7 1 pt [*] Do the lamps L & R at the front of the room emit thermal (black body) radiation? 31. ANo for L; yes for R. BYes for both. CYes for L; no for R. DNo for both. 1 pt [*] While walking home around 9 pm, you see the moon of the moon is lit. rising. 32. AMore than half BAlmost all CHalf DLittle ELess than half 1 pt [*] A giant hand suddenly doubled the mass of the sun and adjusted the motion of the earth to keep it in the same path. The giant hand would have had to make the earth . 33. Amove the same Bmove slower Cmove faster 1 pt [*] Suppose a new comet is discovered with a period of 29.5 years, which is the same as that of Saturn. The orbit of the comet is highly elliptical. Saturn is 9.5 AU from the sun. Draw the orbits of the comet and Saturn. Be certain to include the sun. Your drawing must show accurate relative sizes. 34. Leave blank on scoring form Printed from LON-CAPA MSU Licensed under GNU General Public License CODE - HBGGFD - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 8 CODE - HECJDE - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 1 1 pt Which equation is the Roche limit for the case where the moon and planet have the same density? [Use these equations as a reminder.] 1. AKE=3/2kT, where T is temperature. BR=2.5Rplanet . CKE=1/2 m v2 , where v is the speed Dv2 >2GMplanet /Rplanet , where v is the speed. 1 pt The specific purpose of the 4.1-meter primary mirror of the SOAR Telescope is to 2. Arefract light. Btake pictures. Canalyze light into its colors. Dcollect light. 1 pt To achieve the same angular resolution, a radio telescopes is much larger than an optical telescope because 3. Aradio waves are weaker. Bthe wavelength of radio waves is much longer. Cradio telescopes must be more precise. Doptical telescopes must be more precise. 1 pt [*] Consider this hypothetical discovery, which consists of three statements. S1: A planet is discovered beyond the orbit of Pluto. S2: Its density is 5 times the density of water. S3: It has many craters.would be very surprising. 4. ANone of the statements BS1, S2, & S3 CS2 & S3 DS3 ES2 1 pt Which is not a moon of Jupiter? 5. ACallisto BGanymede CTitan DIo EEuropa CODE - HECJDE - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 2 1 pt You are equiped with a suit that supplies air to breathe and keeps you warm or cool. On which of these moons or planets could you not land? 6. AMars BPluto CCallisto DSaturn 1 pt The planet that is fourth closest to the sun is 7. AMars. BJupiter. CVenus. DEarth. ESaturn. 1 pt Potassium 40, which decays into argon 40, is used to figure out the age of meteorites. Why is there no argon 40 in the meteor when it formed? 8. ANo argon 40 had been produced in the solar system when the meteor formed. BArgon condenses at an extremely low temperature. CArgon collected in the massive asteroids. DAll the argon collected in the jovian planets. 1 pt The age of the solar system is years. 9. A13 Billion B1 Billion C4.5 Billion D65 Million 1 pt Whattriggered the collapse of the gas cloud that became the solar system. 10. AA supernova, an exploding star BGravity CThe pressure of a massive star DThe Big Bang 1 pt Which one of these statements is true for the nucleus of Halley’s comet? 11. AIt is made mostly of carbon. BIt is about the size of Michigan. CIts shape is roughly spherical. DIt is very black. EIts surface is uniform. CODE - HECJDE - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 3 1 pt Why does the tail of a comet point away from the sun? 12. AGas from the comet, heated by the sun, pushes the tail away from the sun. BThe solar wind blows gas and dust away from the sun. CThe magnetic field of the sun keeps the tail pointing away. DConservation of angular momentum keeps the tail pointing away. 1 pt Which of the following statements comparing the jovian interiors is not thought to be true? 13. AThey all have the same exact set of internal layers, though these layers differ in size. BDeep inside them, they all have pressures far higher than that found on the bottom of the ocean on Earth. CThey all have cores of roughly the same mass. DThey all have cores that contain at least some rock and metal. 1 pt The clouds on the surface of Jupiter are not made of condensed 14. Awater. Bammonia. Cammonium hydrosulfide. Dhydrogen. 1 pt Why can the material in the rings of Jovian planets not collect to form moons? 15. AThe rings are too thin BThe rings are not made of sticky material CThe rings are inside the Roche limit DThere is not enough material 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 16. AUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hydrogen then escaped to space. BWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. CIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. DIt is frozen in craters near the poles. CODE - HECJDE - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 4 1 pt Astronomers believe that Mars had liquid water in the past because 17. Amicroscopic fossils were found. Bthe space probe Odyssey found water ice. Cphotographs show dry riverbeds. Dphotographs show smooth rocks 1 pt Why does Venus have so much more atmospheric gas than Earth? 18. AEarth has lost much more gas to thermal escape than has Venus. BEarth has lost much more atmospheric gas than Venus, primarily to condensation of water vapor into liquid water and to chemical reactions that make carbonate rock. CVenus has gained much more gas through outgassing than has Earth. DBecause of its lack of magnetic field, Venus has been able to gain gas through the process of bombardment, while Earth has not gained gas in this way. 3 pt [*] Uranus was able attract helium (mass=4) and molecular hydrogen (mass=2) to the core, which formed first. Assume that Uranus cannot keep a gas with mass=1. Imagine a hypothetical planet core formed at the same location with the same size and 1/10 as much mass. What is the minimum mass of the gas that this hypothetical planet can attract and keep? 19. A10 B20 C2 D40 E4 1 pt Which is evidence that Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, has a hot interior. 20. AIo has high radioactivity. BJupiter radiates a lot of infrared light. CIo has volcanoes. DIo is close to Jupiter. 1 pt What is the source of the energy that heats Io? 21. AInfrared radiation from Jupiter. BMotion of the moons. CSolar energy. DRadioactivity. CODE - HECJDE - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 5 1 pt [*] Hydrogen and helium make up more than 98% of the mass of the proto solar system. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make up 1%. Metals and other elements make up 0.6%. Why did the hydrogen and helium that was in the vicinity of the formingEarth not end up on the present Earth? R1: It was too hot for these to condense. R2: The solid earth was notmassive enough to hold on to these gases. R3: The solar wind blew these gasses away. The main reasons are.[Hint: Test your reasons with the case of Jupiter.] 22. AR1 & R2. BR1, R2, & R3. CR1 & R3. DR2 & R3. 1 pt What happened to the metals that were in the vicinity of the forming Earth? 23. AThey became asteroids. BThey were driven off by the solar wind. CThey are primarily in the core of the earth. DThe Jovian planets accreted them. CODE - HECJDE - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 6 1 pt Which of the following best explains what we think happened to outgassed water on Venus? 26. AIt is frozen in craters near the poles. BWater was removed from the atmosphere by chemical reactions with surface rock. CUltraviolet light split the water molecules, and the hyrdrogen then escaped to space. DIt turned into carbon dioxide by reacting with nitrogen in Venus’s atmosphere. 1 pt Which of the following is not a general characteristic of the four jovian planets in our solar system? 27. AThey are composed of mainly hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds. BThey are much more massive then any of the terrestrial planets. CThey lack solid surfaces. DThey are higher in average density than are the terrestrial planets. 1 pt The planets near the sun have a high density because 1 pt A giant hand suddenly moves the earth farther from the Sun. The temperature of the Earth cools. Which processwould certainly happen and cause the temperature to rise. 24. AThere is more plant matter. BThere is less rain. CVolcanoes are more active. DPlate tectonics become more active. 1 pt The space probe Odyssey found that the in regions north and south of 60 degrees latitude the surface is 50%water ice by volume. How is it that Odyssey was able to detect this water? 25. AOdyssey detected the differences in the energy of the neutrons coming off the surface of the planet. BThe density of the surface was greater where there is no water. CThe Odyssey sent a surface probe down to collect samples. DThe color of the surface is different where there is water. EThe temperature of the surface is cooler where there was so much ice. 28. AThe lighter materials escaped the planets gravity BThe sun evaporated the lighter materials CThe sun prevented the lighter materials from condensing. DThe lighter materials could not condense because the proto planet fell too far and became too hot. 1 pt The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth, even though it is far inside the Roche limit. The Hubble Space telescope is not broken apart because 29. AThe density of the Space Telescope is too high. BThe Roche limit will cause the Space Telescope to break up after some time. Cthe Roche limit does not apply to something held together by atomic bonds. DGravity does not apply to weightless conditions. 1 pt [*] The energy levels 1-4 of Hydrogen are 0, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.8 electron volts (eV), repectively. The Hydrogen is so cool that the electrons are all in level 1. The Hydrogen gas absorbs photons of energy 12.1 eV. When the electrons lose energy, light of different energies will be emitted. 30. A3 Bmore than 3 C1 D2 CODE - HECJDE - ISP 205, sec 1 - Visions of the Universe - Spring 2005 Test2 Name: 7 1 pt [*] Do the lamps L & R at the front of the room emit thermal (black body) radiation? 31. AYes for L; no for R. BNo for both. CNo for L; yes for R. DYes for both. 1 pt [*] While walking home around 9 pm, you see the moon of the moon is lit. rising. 32. ALittle BLess than half CMore than half DAlmost all EHalf 1 pt [*] A giant hand suddenly doubled the mass of the sun and adjusted the motion of the earth to keep it in the same path. The giant hand would have had to make the earth . 33. Amove faster Bmove slower Cmove the same 1 pt [*] Suppose a new comet is discovered with a period of 29.5 years, which is the same as that of Saturn. The orbit of the comet is highly elliptical. Saturn is 9.5 AU from the sun. Draw the orbits of the comet and Saturn. Be certain to include the sun. Your drawing must show accurate relative sizes. 34. Leave blank on scoring form Printed from LON-CAPA MSU Licensed under GNU General Public License