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Name _________________________________________Date ___________________ Period _____________ CHAPTER 9, THE GLORY OF ANCIENT ROME SECTION 2-CHRISTIANITY AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE 1. The Rise of Christianity a. Jesus founded _______________________. b. The empire included many lands with different _______________, customs, and ____________; the _______________ were tolerant of these people and let them have their own ____________. A. Unrest in Judaea a. The Romans conquered the Jewish homeland of _____________ in 63 B.C. b. At first they respected the ______ rights to worship their god, but many Jews resented _________ rule. c. Some believed that a _____________, or _______________ would come to bring justice and ________________ to the land. d. In 37 B.C., the ___________ senate appointed a new ruler of Judaea named ___________. e. After Jesus’ death, His ______________, or ________________ told stories about His life and teachings. f. Four stories of Jesus’ life were written from oral traditions by 4 ________________, 1) ______________ 2) ___________________ 3) _______________________ and 4) _____________________. These writings are called __________________, or __________________________________________. B. Christian Beliefs a. Jesus began teaching when He was ____ years old, as He traveled from place to place. b. Like all Jewish teachers, He taught that there was only one true ______. c. These teachings became known as ___________________, which taught that God was __________ and forgiving. d. He said that people must love God with all their __________, and that all people had a responsibility to love their _______________ as they love themselves. e. Jesus promised that people who followed His teachings would have __________________________. f. His followers believed that He was their _______________. C. Fears About Christianity a. Jesus’ teachings alarmed many people; some complained to the ____________ that Jesus was teaching that God was _______________________________________________________________. b. The Romans feared that that Jesus would lead an ____________ revolt against the _______________; so the Roman ____________ condemned Jesus to _______________. c. Jesus was _____________, or ________________________________________________________. d. According to the Gospels, Jesus rose from ____________ and ____________ to his disciples, telling them to spread His __________________. 2. Christianity Spreads a. The Greek equivalent for messiah was ___________________. b. Since many people of Jesus’ time spoke _______________, He became known as ________________. c. After His death, Jesus’ followers, called ____________________, spread the new religion from _______________________ across the empire and finally to _______________ itself. A. The Letters of Paul a. Saul, one of Jesus’ most devoted followers had a vision that Jesus spoke to him, so he changed his name to __________, whom carried Christianity to cities around the ____________ spreading Jesus’ teachings. b. Paul’s _______________ helped turn the Christian faith into an organized __________________. c. Paul wrote many ____________, or __________________, to Christian groups in distant cities; some epistles later became part of the ____________________________________. B. Christianity Moves to the Cities a. Others also helped spread ____________ beliefs throughout the Roman Empire gaining many followers; ________ city dwellers welcomed the message of Christianity as ____________. b. These early Christians used the word _____________ for anyone who did not share their beliefs. C. Ways of Worship a. They ______________ and sang, read from __________ or from one of ____________ letters, someone ___________________ the readings. b. Christians set aside ___________, the day they believed Jesus had ___________________________, as their day of worship. c. Jesus instructed Christians to practice 2 rites, or _____________ i. ______________, a believer is dipped in water to wash away their sin ii. ________________________, sharing bread and wine in a sacred meal called the Eucharist. 3. Rome Reacts a. The fast growing religion alarmed the _____________. b. Christians refused to worship the Roman __________ and did not show the _____________ the respect that was required. c. Some cities even turned away from their responsibilities, such as working in the _________. d. Many Roman officials began to view Christians as __________ of the state. A. Rome Burns a. Under the emperor __________, the first official campaign against the Christians began. b. One night a fire started in some shops in ________; the fires spread and burned for _______ days. c. _________ blamed the ________________ and ordered their ____________, who were sent to death. i. Some were forced to fight __________________, others were soaked with ___________ and ______________________, others were __________________, and __________ was imprisoned for ___ years and then killed. B. Treatment of Christians a. The ____________ persecuted Christians at various times for another _______ years. i. Persecute: _________________________________________________________________ b. During the years, the Roman Empire began to _________ power, so to explain the decline, the Romans looked for __________ to blame, and they found them among the _______________ of the new religion, ____________________. c. In the Roman world it became a __________ to be a Christian; the punishment was _____________. C. The Appeal of Christianity a. Despite the _______________ of its followers, Christianity continued to __________ throughout the Roman Empire. b. The help that Christian communities gave to widows, _________, and the poor drew people to the new religion. c. Its messages of _________ and ____________, and a better life after death appealed to many. d. The figure of __________ also attracted followers i. He was not a ______ from myth. ii. He was a _____________________ who lived among the people. e. The writings of the _______________ helped spread his teachings. f. The Gospels were written in an easy way for people to understand and in a language they used. g. __________________ outlawed Christian services, imprisoned Christian __________, and put many believers to death, but it only accomplished the ___________ of what Diocletian wanted. h. Many Romans ______________ the Christians and saw them as __________ and heroes. i. Martyrs: ___________________________________________________________________ i. By A.D. 300, about __________ Romans had accepted the Christian faith.