Download All About Mitosis

All About Mitosis
Biology 3201
Cell Division Glossary
• Anaphase: The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the
chromosomes move to opposite ends of the nuclear spindle.
• Cell Cycle: The series of biochemical and structural events
involving the growth, replication, and division of a eukaryotic
cell.
• Centromere: The most condensed and constricted region of a
chromosome to which the spindle fiber is attached during
mitosis. Also called kinetochore.
• Chromatin: A complex of nucleic acids and proteins in the cell
nucleus that stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to
form chromosomes during cell division.
Cell Division Glossary cont’d
• Chromosomes: A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated
proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and
functions in the transmission of hereditary information.
• Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm of a cell following the
division of the nucleus.
• Daughter Cell: Either of the two identical cells that form when a cell
divides.
• Interphase: the interval between the end of one mitotic or meiotic
division and the beginning of another called also resting stage.
Cell Division Glossary cont’d
• Metaphase: The stage of mitosis and meiosis, following prophase
and preceding anaphase, during which the chromosomes are
aligned along the equator.
• Mitosis: The process in cell division by which the nucleus divides,
typically consisting of four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
and telophase, and normally resulting in two new cells and nuclei,
each of which contains a complete copy of the parental
chromosomes.
• Parent Cell: a cell which, in cell division, divides, and gives rise to
two or more daughter nuclei.
Cell Division Glossary cont’d
• Prophase: The first stage of mitosis, during which the chromosomes
condense and become visible nuclear membrane breaks down, and
the spindle fibers form at opposite poles of the cell.
• Sister Chromatid: Any of the chromatids formed by replication of one
chromosome during interphase of the cell cycle especially while they
are still joined by a centromere.
• Telophase: The final stage of mitosis or meiosis during which the
chromosomes of daughter cells are grouped in new nuclei.
The Cell Cycle
•
Interphase is the growth
phase of mitosis, in which the
cell prepares for cell division,
under rapid growth (G1), the
DNA is replicated (S Phase),
the centrioles replicate and
the cell prepares to divide
(G2).
The Cell Cycle
• Interphase is the growth
phase of mitosis. This includes
3 stages:
• G1(gap 1) is where the cells
carry out metabolic activity to
prepare for cell division.
• S Phase is where the DNA is
replicated. This is the most
important part of interphase
because if this did not occur
the daughter cells would only
have half the chromosomes.
• G2(gap 2) is where the
centrioles replicate. The cell
prepares for division.
Prophase
• Prophase is the stage
of mitosis in which the
chromatin coils up to form
chromosomes. The
nuclear membrane and
nucleolus disappear. The
centrioles move to
opposite poles of the cell
in this phase. Also, the
aster microtubules
appear and begin to form
spindle fibers.
Metaphase
• Metaphase is the stage
of mitosis in which the
spindle fibers attach to
the centromeres of the
chromosomes. The
chromosomes are then
guided to the equator of
the cell by the spindle
fibers. Each chromosome
is attached to a spindle
fiber.
Anaphase
• Anaphase is the stage
of mitosis in which the
centomere splits and
chromosomes move to
the poles of the cell. This
occurs as a result of the
shortening of the spindle
fibers.
Telophase
• Telophase is the final
stage of mitosis. In this
stage the chromosomes
unwind and become less
visible. The spindle fibers
disappear and the
daughter cell nuclei form
around chromosomes at
the opposite ends of the
dividing cell.