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Policies and Measures Addressing Climate Change: Building and Housing, 2007 Policy Name Austria Belgium Description Federal Promotion of Extraordinary Efficiency in Buildings Residential buildings must clearly exceed regulatory standards to qualify for state funding. The agreement includes an initial insulation standard of 65kWh per square metre, falling to 25-45 kWh/m2 by 2010. It also introduces new incentives for use of renewable heating systems. Total funding available is to remain at EUR 1.78 bill. The programme is expected to generate 10,000 additional jobs. Energy Efficient Housing Programmes – Constitutional Treaty Between Austrian Federation and Länder The Länder (federal provinces) administer subsidies of more than EUR 2 bill. annually for housing support programmes. The agreement provides for: • shift of subsidies from construction of new dwelling to thermal renovation of existing dwellings; • high quality standards for thermal renovation, including the whole building shell (exterior walls, windows and doors, ceilings and roof); • maximum energy performance codes for newly constructed buildings that go well beyond standards that are foreseen in general construction codes; • replacement of old fossil fuel heating systems by highly efficient systems based on renewable energy (solar or biomass) or natural gas. Energy Consulting for Households: KlimaAktiv leben to Employ Chimney-Sweepers as Climate Ambassadors Part of the larger Austrian climate strategy, the KlimaAktiv leben campaign partners with the nation's chimney sweepers to publicize energy efficiency measures in residences. The chimney sweepers visit households and bring with them easy-to-implement energy-saving advice while identifying possible needs for expert consulting in energy efficiency matters or useful investments in energy-saving and climate protection measures. The chimney sweepers supply households with specific advice on how to save energy. To assess the need for professional energy consulting, they complete a questionnaire together with the customer to gauge the interest of the household in receiving further information, more intensive consulting by an energy consultant, or in taking specific rehabilitation action. Following the chimney sweepers' visits, the Austrian Federal Provinces energy consultants assist households with qualified consultation. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) The Green Electricity Act established a budget limit for CHP support in Austria based on a CHP surcharge cap imposed on electricity sold to end consumers, which was to decline from 0.15 Cent/kWh in 2003 to 0.05 Cent/kWh in 2010. The CHP support tariff for 2003 and 2004 was capped at 1.5 Cent/kWh or 1.25 Cent/kWh, depending on conformity to the efficiency and district heating standards laid out in the Green Electricity Act. These CHP arrangements provided for equal treatment of all CHP plants in Austria and one harmonised CHP surcharge paid for by the end consumer throughout Austria. Subsidies to Improve Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings − Wallonia & Brussels Capital Region Wallonia aims to promote the rational use of energy - including building insulation and efficient heating - among renewable energy sources. Therefore Walloon Region subsidizes low-income households to improve the energy efficiency of their dwellings. Additionally a region's funds go to municipal, provincial and regional buildings, and to schools and hospitals. The Region also provides a subsidy to municipalities for the replacement cost of inefficient public lighting. The subsidy covers some 70% or more, depending on the energy efficiency of the replacement. Brussels Capital Region: The Brussels Capital Region allocates subsidies to municipalities, local public bodies, schools and hospitals. Subsidies amount to 20% of the investment costs if they are considered to be of an energy efficient nature. Energy audits are subsidised up to 50% of the cost to a maximum. Page 1 of 4 Policies and Measures Addressing Climate Change: Building and Housing, 2007 Policy Name Description Belgium (cont.) Support for Pre-Feasability Studies – Wallonia The Walloon Region supports part of the costs of pre-feasibility studies carried out in the private sector to evaluate potential energy efficiency or renewable energy investments within a company. This programme, called AMURE, also offers incentives to offset costs related to technical certification. The maximum available allowance amounts to: • 75% of total feasibility study costs calculated on the basis of quotes provided by ministry-approved independent companies. • 60% of total certification costs. France District Heating Classification A decree on 5 May 1999 introduced a simplified procedure for classifying district heating using renewable energy or cogeneration, allowing local authorities to obligate new buildings in specified zones to be connected to the district heating grid. Italy Regional Measures to Promote the Rational Use of Energy: Apulia Outdoor Lighting The Code specified the correct orientation of buildings’ external lighting systems – to be lit from above, aside from monuments - and street lighting. The code further established technical standards for efficiency, distance and light flow regulation to reduce nocturnal light pollution and improve energy efficiency. Existing lighting systems were required to comply before 2010. Luxembourg Subsidies and Promotion of District Heating and Energy Conservation in Public Buildings and Municipalities Establishment of an energy accounting system and plans for district heating networks to be linked to public buildings and private homes within a larger aim to promote the rational use of energy and renewable sources in state and municipal buildings. Netherlands Energy Performance Certificate (Energieprestatiecertificaat) Measures include: • Methodology for calculating the energy performance of buildings. • Application of performance standards on new and existing buildings. • Certification schemes for all buildings. • Regular inspection and assessment of boilers/heating and cooling installations. Renewables for Government Buildings Under Dutch implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, a scheme for joint purchasing of energy for government buildings is effective. The objective is to arrive at a climate - neutral supply of energy for government structures by 2012. In the period 2002-2004, a mandate required that 50% of the consumption of electricity of all government buildings to be derived from renewable energy sources. Page 2 of 4 Policies and Measures Addressing Climate Change: Building and Housing, 2007 Policy Name Portugal Building Certification Program United Kingdom Large-scale PV Demonstration Project Description Measures include: • Methodology for calculating the energy performance of buildings. • Application of performance standards on new and existing buildings. • Certification schemes for all buildings. Regular inspection and assessment of boilers/heating and cooling installations. • Certify the energy performance and the indoor air quality of buildings. • Identify the corrective or cost-effective improvement performance measures applicable to buildings and respective energy systems, such as boilers and air conditioning equipment’s, in what respects energy performance and indoor air quality. Energy certificates will be required whenever: • Buildings are new, before the use permit concession. • Buildings are rented or sold, before the respective contract celebration. • Buildings undergo major renovations, before the use permit concession. All large public buildings, above 1000m2 of floor area (museums, large supermarkets, shopping centres, etc), will be required to display this certificate. Except for buildings subjected to periodic audits and supervision, the building certificate is valid for 10 years. The certification of buildings and inspection of boilers and air-conditioning systems are carried out in an independent manner by qualified and/or accredited experts, whether operating as sole traders or employed by public or private enterprise bodies. General Directorate for Geology and Energy (DGGE) and Environment Institute are, respectively, the entities in charge of the supervision of the building energy certification system (SCE) in what concerns: • energy efficiency certification • indoor air quality. The scheme closes on 31 May and we expect most of the GBP 31.75 mill. to have been spent by this time. Two types of grants have been made available: Stream 1 Grants are small-scale individual applications (between 0.5kWp and 5 kWp) that target households, small and medium-sized businesses and public and community groups such as schools. Different grant amounts apply to building mounted and integrated PV systems: Building mounted systems grants were provided for the lesser of GBP 3,000/kWp or 50% of total eligible costs. Integrated systems grants were provided for the lesser of GBP 4,250/kWp or 50% of total eligible costs. The programme operated on a first come first served basis with funds being allocated almost automatically provided the proposed installation met certain basic criteria. Stream 2 Grants attracted applications from housing groups, private developers, local authorities, large companies etc and were operated through a quarterly competitive call where criteria such as cost, level of integration, innovation and geographical location were taken into account. The grants were for medium to large scale applications (between 5kWp and 100 kWp). Grants covered: up to 55% of eligible costs for public bodies, up to 50% of eligible costs for small to medium sized enterprises and up to 40% of eligible costs for large companies. Page 3 of 4 Policies and Measures Addressing Climate Change: Building and Housing, 2007 Policy Name Australia Japan Description Performance Standards and 5-Star Rating for Buildings: MEPS and NatHERs Revised on 1 May 2006, Building Code Australia (BCA) includes new Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for all classes of buildings, from homes to carparks. To complement passage of the revised MEPS, Australian governments agreed to implement a consistent Nation-wide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) to enable householders to assess energy efficiency of houses and make more informed choices about housing purchases and renovation. From 1 May 2006, minimum energy performance standards increased to 5 Star Rating. Since the BCA is a performance based Code, builders and designers have the option of meeting these new standards in one of two ways: • By following the ‘deemed to satisfy’ prescriptions in the Code; or by achieving the required house energy performance rating using an accredited software tool. The stringency of this standard equates to 4 stars. • As announced by the federal and territorial governments, all new residential buildings would meet a five star energy rating from May 2006. Office Building Greenhouse Rating Scheme Launched in 2001, the Australian Building Greenhouse Rating (ABGR) scheme provided accredited assessments of the greenhouse intensity of office buildings by awarding a star rating on a scale of one to five. Government Energy Efficiency Action: Public Buildings, Operations and Vehicles To reduce the intensity of energy use in Commonwealth operations, the Australian government launched a series of measures involving multiple sectors of energy efficiency. Government agencies were required to document their progress by submitting energy consumption data annually to the Australian Greenhouse Office within the Department of Environment and Heritage. Energy intensities were calculated and used to track changes in energy performance over time to enable simple comparisons between similar facilities. The 2004 publication of a green vehicle guide (GVG) provided comparative environmental ratings and fuel consumption figures for all light vehicles sold in Australia. Basis Program for Housing: Energy Efficiency Standards To improve housing standards over the next 10 years, the Ministry has clear targets for housing by 2015: 40 percent of housing should have energy saving measures, for example double-paned windows (18% as of 2003); and to increase the life span of housing to about 40 years (about 30 years as of 2003). PV: Photo voltaic; kWp: Kilo Watt peak (peak performance) Source: IAE, Climate Change Database (http://www.iea.org/textbase/pm/Default.aspx?mode=cc), accessed 14. September 2007. Page 4 of 4