Download Module 3 Personal Protective Equipment I

Personal Protective Equipment
May, 2007
Learning Objectives
• Demonstrate knowledge of the
principles of infection control
• Recognize gaps in infection control
infrastructure
• Demonstrate proper selection and use
of personal protective equipment
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• When used properly
can protect you
from exposure to
infectious agents
• Know what type of
PPE is necessary
for the duties you
perform and use it
correctly
Types of PPE
• Gloves
• Gowns
• Masks (surgical and particulate respirator)
• Eye protection (goggles and face shields)
Precaution Levels
**All levels require hand hygiene**
•
Standard
Transmission based precautions:
• Contact
• Droplet
• Airborne
Standard Precautions
• Prevent the transmission of
common infectious agents
• Hand washing key
• Assume infectious agent could
be present in the patient’s
–
–
–
–
Blood
Body fluids, secretions, excretions
Non-intact skin
Mucous membranes
PPE for Standard Precautions
Wear:
If:
•
•
•
•
Gloves
Gowns
Touching
–
–
–
Respiratory secretions
Contaminated items or surfaces
Blood & body fluids
•
Soiling clothes with patient body
fluids, secretions, or excretions
Eye
•
Protection
and / or Mask
Procedures are likely to generate
splashes / sprays of blood, body
fluids, secretions, excretions
Droplet Precautions
• Prevent infection by
large droplets from
– Sneezing
– Coughing
– Talking
• Examples
– Neisseria meningitidis
– Pertussis
– Influenza
Transmission of Influenza Viruses
Seasonal
Influenza in
Humans
Current Avian
Influenza in Humans
most likely
route
possible
Airborne
possible at
close distances
possible at close
distances
Contact
possible
Most likely
(bird to human), and
possible (human to
human)
Droplet
Droplet Precautions
Taken in addition to Standard Precautions
• Place patients in single rooms or cohort 3 feet apart
• Wear surgical mask within 3 feet or 1 meter of patient
• Wear face shield or goggles within 3 feet or 1 meter of
patient
• Limit patient movement within facility
– Patient wears mask when outside of room
Airborne Precautions
Taken in addition to Standard Precautions
• Prevent spread of infection through inhalable
particles
• Examples
–
–
–
–
Tuberculosis
Measles
Varicella
Variola
Airborne Precautions
• Use for confirmed or suspected avian
influenza cases
Airborne Precautions for Avian
Influenza
• N95 respirator (or equivalent) for personnel
– Check seal with each use
• Patient in isolation
• Airborne isolation room, if available
– Air exhaust to outside or re-circulated with HEPA
filtration
• Patient to wear a surgical mask if outside of
the isolation room
Sequence for Donning PPE
1. Wash hands
2. Gown
3. N95 Particulate respirator
–
Perform seal check
4. Hair cover
5. Goggles or face shield
6. Gloves
Sequence for Removing PPE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Remove in anteroom when possible
Gloves
Hand hygiene
Gown (and apron, if worn)
Goggles
Mask
Hand hygiene
Choosing the Appropriate
PPE
Avian Influenza
• Currently not easily transmitted human
to human
• Routes of transmission to humans not
known, cannot rule-out any routes
• Current transmission from poultry to
human or human to human for H5N1
requires very close contact
Interviewing - Asymptomatic
Exposed Persons and Contacts
• Low-risk activity
• Routine use of PPE not recommended
• Maintain >3 feet distance between
interviewer and interviewee
• Use proper hand hygiene
– May use hand sanitizer (at least 60% alcohol) if
hands not visibly soiled
Interviewing - Symptomatic
Exposed Persons
• Higher risk activity
• PPE recommended in community and
healthcare facility
– Contact precautions
– Droplet precautions
– N95 respirator
• In healthcare facility, person should be
placed in airborne isolation room
• Maintain a distance > 3 feet if possible
Specimen Collection – Exposed
Persons and Birds
• High-risk aerosol-generating procedure
• PPE recommended
– Gloves
– Gown
– Goggles or face-shield
– N95 or better respirator
Activities
• Participate in group discussions using
the Trainee Guide