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The Earth Through Time, 10th Edition by Harold L. Levin CHAPTER 7—PLATE TECTONICS UNDERLIES ALL EARTH HISTORY Multiple Choice Questions Select the best answer. 1. Which seismic wave propagates a pull-push motion? a. T - wave b. S - wave c. Love wave d. P - wave e. Rayleigh wave 2. What wave travels the fastest? a. T - wave b. S - wave c. Love wave d. P - wave e. Rayleigh wave 3. Which layer of the Earth inhibits the propagation of the S-wave? a. Inner core b. Outer core c. Mantle d. Sub mantle e. Crust 4. What is it called when an abrupt change in seismic wave velocity take place at the base of the crust? a. Gutenberg discontinuity b. Newton c. Low velocity zone d. Reflection e. Moho discontinuity © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 1 5. What evidence is sighted for the outer core being liquid? a. Disappearance of the S-wave b. Marked slowdown in the P-wave c. Both A and B d. Neither A or B e. Changes in the Z-wave 6. Which of the following is evidence that the Earth’s core is metallic? a. lab experiments with iron-nickel mixtures b. Magnetic field c. Earth’s density d. Meteorites e. All the above 7. Which rock type is inferred to make up the mantle? a. peridotite b. iron c. magnesium d. silicon e. oxygen 8. The _____________ serves as a slip plain for the lithosphere. a. upper mantle b. asthenosphere c. lower mantle d. outer core e. inner core 9. The ocean’s crust is primarily composed of ______________. a. mafic igneous rocks b. felsic igneous rocks c. metamorphic rocks d. intermediate igneous rocks e. granite 10. Continental crust has an average density of ____. a. 10 g/cm3 b. 5.5 kg/cm3 c. 2.7 g/cm3 d. 1.7 mg/cm3 e. 2.7 µg/m3 © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 2 11. On what layer of the Earth do the tectonic plates float? a. Mantle b. Crust c. Inner core d. Asthenosphere e. Outer core 12. If you could take one cubic foot of the ocean crust and one cubic foot of continental crust and float each in a tube of molasses, which would float higher? a. Neither, they would float at the same level b. Ocean crust c. Continental crust d. Neither, both would sink e. None of the above 13. Wegener postulated the existence of a supercontinent named _______________. a. the supercontinent b. Laurasia c. Ozeane d. Pangea e. Gondwanaland. 14. Which of the following is paleoclimatological evidence for continental drift? a. Magnetic reversals b. Lack of annual tree rings in fossilized trees c. Orientation of mountain ranges d. The fit of the continental margins e. Apparent polar wandering 15. In what modern region do evaporites tend to form? a. 60° North and South of the Equator b. 30° North and South of the Equator c. At the equator d. Near the Prime Meridian e. Antarctic 16. What plant fossil did Wegener use to line up the continents? a. Lystrosaurus b. Glossopteris c. Mesosaurus d. Cynognathus e. Guyots © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 3 17. The magnetic field of the Earth is recorded by the mineral _________________. a. magnetite b. quartz c. feldspar d. mica e. olivine 18. The idea of apparent polar wandering is that the magnetic poles _____________. a. move locations b. are stationary c. are at different locations for the stationary continents d. at the equator e. None of the above 19. The plates in plate tectonics are composed of _____________________. a. mantle b. crust and part of the mantle c. inner core d. asthenosphere e. outer core 20. What is the predominate force associated with a divergent plate boundary? a. Compression b. Fictional c. Shear d. Tensional e. Stressful 21. Hess recognized that guyots were _____________________. a. volcanoes formed at midoceanic ridges b. mounds of sediments c. narrow bays d. submarine valleys e. trenches 22. What is the name of the faults that connects offset ridges? a. double faults b. transform faults c. lateral faults d. normal faults e. thrust faults © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 4 23. Transform boundaries unlike divergent or convergent boundaries do not generate _________________? a. offset b. earthquakes c. seismic waves d. border between plates e. intense igneous activity 24. What is responsible for partially melting the mantel in subduction zone regions? a. the addition of nitrogen b. the release of nitrogen c. the addition of water d. the release of water e. the addition of a flammable liquid 25. Which type of convergent margin does not have subduction? a. ocean - ocean b. continental - continental c. transform plate boundaries d. divergent plate boundaries e. continental - ocean 26. What is the name of a sequence of rocks that represent ocean crust? a. granite b. tonolite c. ophiolite d. blueschists e. red beds . 27. What is the name of a metamorphic rock produced in a subduction zone? a. granite b. tonolite c. ophiolite d. blueschists e. red beds 28. What is it called when a continent splits apart forming an ocean than later re- converges? a. Hess Event b. Gutenberg Formation c. Wilson Cycle d. Mohorovičić Cycle e. Levin Event © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 5 29. Plates move in part by mantle rocks slowly circulating in large ___________. a. convection cells b. subduction cells c. conduction cells d. figure eights e. volcanoes 30. Which of the following models for driving plate motion operate at the subduction zones? a. Slab push b. Ridge pull c. Plate pull d. Plate push e. Slab pull 31. Which of the following is responsible for the magnetic strips in the sea floor? a. Slab push b. Ridge pull c. Magnetic reversals d. Pangea e. Slab pull 32. The age of the sea floor basalts was measured by ____________________. a. radiometric dating of seafloor basalts b. radiometric dating of land vertebrates c. Principle of superpostion d. Matching the magnetic reversed pattern with those of continental basalt of known age e. None of the above 33. Plates with large continents on them tend to travel ________ than plates without large continents a. closer to the poles b. more to the west c. more to the east d. faster e. slower © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 6 34. Where should the youngest and thinnest seafloor sediments be found? a. The center of the Earth b. The surface of the ocean c. Continental crust d. The midoceanic ridge e. The nearest hot spot 35. What is the name of the line of earthquakes that descend into the mantle at subduction zones? a. Hess - Gutenberg seismic zone b. Wadati - Benioff seismic zone c. Wilson - Levin seismic zone d. Mohorovičić Cycle e. Gravity anomaly 36. The Hawaii Islands have been formed by a stationary source of magma call an ____________. a. lateral faults b. subduction zone c. hot spots d. midoceanic ridge e. continental rifting 37. Much of Alaska was built by microcontinents slamming into North America. The newly added land masses are called _______________. a. hot spot b. exotic terrane c. guyot d. Wadati-Benioff zone e. ophiolite 38. In normal faults the hanging wall moves ______________. a. up b. down c. diagonally d. to the right e. to the left 39. Which of the following fault types shorten the crust? a. reverse b. thrust c. strike-slip d. normal e. Both a. and b. © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Page 7 40. You are standing in the center of a fold and start walking perpendicular to the axis of the fold. If the rocks become older, what type of fold is it? a. basin b. monocline c. syncline d. dome e. anticline Answers to Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. d d b e c e a b a c 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. d c d b b b a c b d 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. a b e d b c d c a e © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. c d e d b c b b e e Page 8