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The Earth Through Time, 10th Edition
by Harold L. Levin
CHAPTER 7—PLATE TECTONICS UNDERLIES ALL EARTH
HISTORY
Multiple Choice Questions
Select the best answer.
1.
Which seismic wave propagates a pull-push motion?
a. T - wave
b. S - wave
c. Love wave
d. P - wave
e. Rayleigh wave
2.
What wave travels the fastest?
a. T - wave
b. S - wave
c. Love wave
d. P - wave
e. Rayleigh wave
3.
Which layer of the Earth inhibits the propagation of the S-wave?
a. Inner core
b. Outer core
c. Mantle
d. Sub mantle
e. Crust
4.
What is it called when an abrupt change in seismic wave velocity take
place at the base of the crust?
a. Gutenberg discontinuity
b. Newton
c. Low velocity zone
d. Reflection
e. Moho discontinuity
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5.
What evidence is sighted for the outer core being liquid?
a. Disappearance of the S-wave
b. Marked slowdown in the P-wave
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A or B
e. Changes in the Z-wave
6.
Which of the following is evidence that the Earth’s core is metallic?
a. lab experiments with iron-nickel mixtures
b. Magnetic field
c. Earth’s density
d. Meteorites
e. All the above
7.
Which rock type is inferred to make up the mantle?
a. peridotite
b. iron
c. magnesium
d. silicon
e. oxygen
8.
The _____________ serves as a slip plain for the lithosphere.
a. upper mantle
b. asthenosphere
c. lower mantle
d. outer core
e. inner core
9.
The ocean’s crust is primarily composed of ______________.
a. mafic igneous rocks
b. felsic igneous rocks
c. metamorphic rocks
d. intermediate igneous rocks
e. granite
10.
Continental crust has an average density of ____.
a. 10 g/cm3
b. 5.5 kg/cm3
c. 2.7 g/cm3
d. 1.7 mg/cm3
e. 2.7 µg/m3
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11.
On what layer of the Earth do the tectonic plates float?
a. Mantle
b. Crust
c. Inner core
d. Asthenosphere
e. Outer core
12.
If you could take one cubic foot of the ocean crust and one cubic foot of
continental crust and float each in a tube of molasses, which would float
higher?
a. Neither, they would float at the same level
b. Ocean crust
c. Continental crust
d. Neither, both would sink
e. None of the above
13.
Wegener postulated the existence of a supercontinent named
_______________.
a. the supercontinent
b. Laurasia
c. Ozeane
d. Pangea
e. Gondwanaland.
14.
Which of the following is paleoclimatological evidence for continental drift?
a. Magnetic reversals
b. Lack of annual tree rings in fossilized trees
c. Orientation of mountain ranges
d. The fit of the continental margins
e. Apparent polar wandering
15.
In what modern region do evaporites tend to form?
a. 60° North and South of the Equator
b. 30° North and South of the Equator
c. At the equator
d. Near the Prime Meridian
e. Antarctic
16.
What plant fossil did Wegener use to line up the continents?
a. Lystrosaurus
b. Glossopteris
c. Mesosaurus
d. Cynognathus
e. Guyots
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17.
The magnetic field of the Earth is recorded by the mineral
_________________.
a. magnetite
b. quartz
c. feldspar
d. mica
e. olivine
18.
The idea of apparent polar wandering is that the magnetic poles
_____________.
a. move locations
b. are stationary
c. are at different locations for the stationary continents
d. at the equator
e. None of the above
19.
The plates in plate tectonics are composed of _____________________.
a. mantle
b. crust and part of the mantle
c. inner core
d. asthenosphere
e. outer core
20.
What is the predominate force associated with a divergent plate
boundary?
a. Compression
b. Fictional
c. Shear
d. Tensional
e. Stressful
21.
Hess recognized that guyots were _____________________.
a. volcanoes formed at midoceanic ridges
b. mounds of sediments
c. narrow bays
d. submarine valleys
e. trenches
22.
What is the name of the faults that connects offset ridges?
a. double faults
b. transform faults
c. lateral faults
d. normal faults
e. thrust faults
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23.
Transform boundaries unlike divergent or convergent boundaries do not
generate _________________?
a. offset
b. earthquakes
c. seismic waves
d. border between plates
e. intense igneous activity
24.
What is responsible for partially melting the mantel in subduction zone
regions?
a. the addition of nitrogen
b. the release of nitrogen
c. the addition of water
d. the release of water
e. the addition of a flammable liquid
25.
Which type of convergent margin does not have subduction?
a. ocean - ocean
b. continental - continental
c. transform plate boundaries
d. divergent plate boundaries
e. continental - ocean
26.
What is the name of a sequence of rocks that represent ocean crust?
a. granite
b. tonolite
c. ophiolite
d. blueschists
e. red beds
.
27.
What is the name of a metamorphic rock produced in a subduction zone?
a. granite
b. tonolite
c. ophiolite
d. blueschists
e. red beds
28.
What is it called when a continent splits apart forming an ocean than later
re- converges?
a. Hess Event
b. Gutenberg Formation
c. Wilson Cycle
d. Mohorovičić Cycle
e. Levin Event
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29.
Plates move in part by mantle rocks slowly circulating in large
___________.
a. convection cells
b. subduction cells
c. conduction cells
d. figure eights
e. volcanoes
30.
Which of the following models for driving plate motion operate at the
subduction zones?
a. Slab push
b. Ridge pull
c. Plate pull
d. Plate push
e. Slab pull
31.
Which of the following is responsible for the magnetic strips in the sea
floor?
a. Slab push
b. Ridge pull
c. Magnetic reversals
d. Pangea
e. Slab pull
32.
The age of the sea floor basalts was measured by
____________________.
a. radiometric dating of seafloor basalts
b. radiometric dating of land vertebrates
c. Principle of superpostion
d. Matching the magnetic reversed pattern with those of continental basalt
of known age
e. None of the above
33.
Plates with large continents on them tend to travel ________ than plates
without large continents
a. closer to the poles
b. more to the west
c. more to the east
d. faster
e. slower
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34.
Where should the youngest and thinnest seafloor sediments be found?
a. The center of the Earth
b. The surface of the ocean
c. Continental crust
d. The midoceanic ridge
e. The nearest hot spot
35.
What is the name of the line of earthquakes that descend into the mantle
at subduction zones?
a. Hess - Gutenberg seismic zone
b. Wadati - Benioff seismic zone
c. Wilson - Levin seismic zone
d. Mohorovičić Cycle
e. Gravity anomaly
36.
The Hawaii Islands have been formed by a stationary source of magma
call an ____________.
a. lateral faults
b. subduction zone
c. hot spots
d. midoceanic ridge
e. continental rifting
37.
Much of Alaska was built by microcontinents slamming into North
America. The newly added land masses are called _______________.
a. hot spot
b. exotic terrane
c. guyot
d. Wadati-Benioff zone
e. ophiolite
38.
In normal faults the hanging wall moves ______________.
a. up
b. down
c. diagonally
d. to the right
e. to the left
39.
Which of the following fault types shorten the crust?
a. reverse
b. thrust
c. strike-slip
d. normal
e. Both a. and b.
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40.
You are standing in the center of a fold and start walking perpendicular to
the axis of the fold. If the rocks become older, what type of fold is it?
a. basin
b. monocline
c. syncline
d. dome
e. anticline
Answers to Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
d
d
b
e
c
e
a
b
a
c
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
d
c
d
b
b
b
a
c
b
d
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
a
b
e
d
b
c
d
c
a
e
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31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
c
d
e
d
b
c
b
b
e
e
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