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Electric Charges and Currents Electric Charge • 3 parts of an atom – Proton ( + ) – Neutron ( o ) – Electron ( - ) • Like charges repel • Different charges attract Electric Field • An electric field extends outward through space around every charged particle • It is strongest near the charged particle Static Electricity • Objects become charged when they gain or lose electrons • Friction occurs when two objects are rubbed against each other • Static electricity is the buildup of electric charges on an object Conductors/Insulators • Conductors permit electric charges to flow freely - examples: metals, Earth • Insulators do not allow electric charges to flow freely • - examples: rubber, glass, wood, plastic, air Lightning • Lightning forms when there is a discharge of static electricity • Bolt travels from negative charges to positive charges • Elect. Pot. Difference is the amount of work required to move a charge (Volts) Batteries • A battery is a device that produces electricity by converting chemical energy into electrical energy • Batteries can be either dry cell or wet cell Thermocouples • A thermocouple is a device that produces electrical energy from heat energy • Used in car engines, ovens, and gas furnaces Electric Circuits • A circuit provides a complete, closed pathway in which electricity can flow • Two types (series/parallel) • Our homes have parallel circuits - if one light goes out, the others stay on Two Types of Circuits QuickTime™ and a Sorenson Video decompressor are needed to see this picture. Electrical Safety • Houses are protected against fires by fuses and circuit breakers • Know the 6 electric safety rules on pages 37-38