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GEOGRAPHY WORLD Compass & Cardinal direction • Compass – an instrument used to show direction. • The cardinal directions are North, South, East and West Hemispheres EQUATOR Latitude Runs west and east in middle of Earth PRIME MERIDIAN Longitude Runs north and south in middle of Earth Longitude • The vertical lines are called lines of longitude. • Lines of longitude are also called meridians. • Longitude lines run North and South. • Prime Meridian is middle point Latitude • The horizontal lines are called lines of latitude. • Parallel is another name for latitude lines. • Latitude lines run east and west around the Earth. Continents – continuous land mass EUROPE NORTH AMERICA ASIA AFRICA SOUTH AMERICA AUSTRALIA ANTARCTICA COUNTRIES – are part of continents ASIA SOUTH AMERICA STATES – are part of countries ASIA SOUTH AMERICA Counties – are part of states Cities are part of counties Capital • The most important city or town of a country or state • The capital of Illinois is Springfield • The capital of the USA is Washington D.C CONTINENT COUNTRY STATE COUNTY CITY Oceans • Ocean: a large body of salt water. • There are 5 major oceans on Earth: 1.Pacific Ocean 2.Atlantic Ocean 3.Indian Ocean 4.Arctic Ocean 5.Southern Ocean* *the newest ocean being declared an ocean in 2000 Landforms • Landforms are natural features of the landscape, natural physical features of the earth's surface. • for example: mountains, water, valleys, plateaus, plains, hills or glaciers. Mountains BIGGEST formed by plates colliding WATER MISSISSIPPI RIVER PACIFIC ATLANTIC Gulf of Mexico WATER MISSISSIPPI RIVER MISSISSIPPI RIVER Grand Canyon, Great Lakes, & Hawaiian Islands formed by glaciers formed by running water formed by volcanoes MAP GRID Map key A map key, or legend, is a small chart included on a map that gives descriptions of what symbols are used and what they stand for. Scale Political map shows boundaries Physical map shows landforms and water Elevation map shows elevation of area in comparison to sea level Population map shows areas of high and low population Natural Resource map shows where resources of an area can be found Climate map REGIONS PLAINS tundra rainforest REGIONS GRASSLANDS CYPRESS TREES PALM TREES PALM TREES HOW PEOPLE MODIFY LAND MINING DUST BOWL & pesticides LEVEES DRAINING SWAMPS U.S. LANGUAGES ALL REGIONS MAINLY ENGLISH Some French Some Spanish POPULATION OF REGIONS BIG CITIES of New York, Boston, Philadelphia formed because of Atlantic coast = large populations ECONOMICS OF REGIONS LUMBER FARMING oil oil tourism tourism NATURAL DISASTERS OF REGIONS tsunamis volcanoes& tsunamis Region Overview Physical Economic Vegetation Natural Disasters Northeast mountains forests coastline fishing shipping tourism thick forests some tornadoes Southeast wetlands gulf coast fishing shipping oil Cypress trees Palm trees hurricanes floods Midwest plains Great Lakes agriculture grasslands tornadoes Southwest deserts Grand Canyon oil cactus some tornadoes Western mountains tundra rainforest fishing shipping tourism lumber Palm trees thick forests earthquakes tsunamis
