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Southern Europe The Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula Spain Portugal Andorra Spain: Past meets Present Madrid, Spain’s capital city Portugal: The Western Edge Portugal was a leading nation during the Age of Discovery Vasco da Gama set sail for the New World from the city of Belém Lisbon, Portugal’s capital city Andorra: Perched in the Pyrenees Andorra is a small country (185 square miles) It is perched high in the Pyrenees, dividing Spain and France Andorra la Vella, the capital city of Andorra The Land The Iberian Peninsula—High and Rugged • Northern region—Pyrenees Mountains divide the peninsula from the rest of Europe. • Southern region—Sierra Nevada range The Meseta Meseta = a huge central plateau • Meseta – “tableland” • Plateau – a flat landmass higher than the surrounding land Covers 2/3 of the peninsula Farmers raise wheat and vegetables • Irrigation is necessary because of the dry climate and poor, reddishyellow soil Farmers also herd sheep and goats The Meseta Many major rivers begin in the Meseta: • The Tagus, Spain’s longest river • The Guadalquivir, flows from the Meseta to the Atlantic Ocean The Guadalquivir River Basin is in southern Spain The Climate Coastal areas: • Mediterranean climate • Mild winters • Hot summers Northern areas: • Marine west coast climate • Warm winds from the Atlantic bring a lot of rain The Meseta: • Cold winters, hot summers, very little rain The Economy Tourism and farming benefits all three countries on the Iberian Peninsula Both Spain and Portugal are developing countries; they are catching up with other EU countries in economic devlopment Tourism--Spain Sunny climate Beautiful beaches Storybook castles La Alhambra •Mohammed I turned a 9th century castle, in Granada, into his royal residence. •La Alhambra is one of the finest examples of Moorish architecture in the world •It is among Europe’s most visited tourist attractions http://www.spain.info/TourSpain/Destacados%20Multimedia/Videos/visorVid.htm?Video=00128GRENWM.WMV?Tipo=wm Tourism--Portugal Relics of the past • Architecture Beautiful beaches • Water sports Golf Tourism--Andorra What about Andorra? • Skiing • Shopping • Mountain Climbing The Economy--Spain Growing industrial and service economy • Machinery, Trucks, Cars, Clothing Farming and Fishing • Acres and acres of olive groves World’s largest producer of olive oil • Also export citrus fruits, cork, and wine The Economy--Portugal Benefits from textile (clothing) Subsistence farming • Wine grapes, citrus fruits, olives, rice, cork, wheat • World’s leading exporter of cork The People Spain and Portugal share similar histories and cultures. Iberians migrated from North Africa • Romans later followed from Italy • Moors also came from North Africa Culture, religion, and architecture were influenced by these early civilizations The People By the late 1900s… • Independent • Powerful • Roman Catholic Sponsored… • Christopher Columbus • Vasco da Gama The Culture--Portugal Portugal developed a unified culture based on the Portuguese language The Culture—Spain “A country of different countries” Spain’s regions remain culturally unique • Castile Has dictated the culture for centuries The dialect of the Castilian people became the major language of Spain • dialect – a local form of language • Catalonia Speak Catalan, a language related to French • Galicia (northwest) and Andalusia (south) also have unique cultural traditions • Basque In northern Spain Speak a language unlike any other in Europe Think of themselves as separate from Spain—want their own independence The Running of the Bulls Pamplona, Spain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONZtJyOY6j0 • The Running of the Bulls takes place in Pamplona, Spain to help kick off the festival of San Fermin, during the fiesta week (early to mid July) Questions?