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AGROPHYSICS working on ecosystems, sustained agriculture and changes in landscape Institute of Agrophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Lublin, Poland Dr. Andrzej Stępniewski AGROPHYSICS AGROPHYSICS, which is a part of physics of environment, is occupied in investigation of physical and physicalchemical processes connected with mass and energy exchange in soil-plantatmosphere system and the processes related to gathering, transport and storage of agriculture material RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF HYDROTERMOPHYSICS OF SOIL ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS PROF. RYSZARD WALCZAK DEPARTMENT OF AERATION AND GAS EXCHANGE IN SOIL ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS PROF. JAN GLINSKI DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICS OF AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS PROF. KRYSTYNA KONSTANKIEWICZ DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS PROF. ZOFIA SOKOLOWSKA DEPARTMENT OF AGROGROPHYSICAL BASES OF SOIL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PROF. JERZY LIPIEC DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL BASES OF ESTIMATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF PLANT MATERIALS PROF. BOGUSLAW SZOT LABORATORY OF PHYSICS OF PLANT GRANULAR SOLIDS PROF. BOHDAN DOBRZANSKI JR LABORATORY OF PHYSICAL BASES OF KERNELS QUALITY ESTIMATION PROF. STANISLAW GRUNDAS LABORATORY OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CROP PROF. MAREK MOLENDA STRUCTURE Director Prof. R. Walczak ViceDirector Prof. J. Horabik 65 RESEARCH WORKERS 2O PHYSICISTS 1O CHEMISTS 12 Professors 1O AGRONOMISTS 12 D.Sc. 8 BIOLOGISTS 27 Ph.D. 7 MECHANICIANS (AUTHOMATICS) 14 M.Sc. 5 MECHANICIANS (AGRICULTURE) 3 GEOGRAPHERS 1 MATHEMATICIAN 1 HORTICULTURALIST 8 Technicians 15 ADMINISTRATION Lublin – location A unique image of the city is its academic environment. There are 5 universities and 65,000 students. Out of 6000 scientific workers 700 are professors. Students are 16% of the town population that places Lublin ahead of other towns in Europe. Only Cambridge city has greater ratio of the students. Lublin – location A unique image of the city is its academic environment. There are 5 universities and 65,000 students. Out of 6000 scientific workers 700 are professors. Students are 16% of the town population that places Lublin ahead of other towns in Europe. Only Cambridge city has greater ratio of the students. Polesie Lowlands stretching east by northeast of Lublin along the course of the Prypec River and its tributaries to the Dnieper River. It is characterized by its many marshes, lakes and forests. This is the largest such region in Europe Polesie – character of the region This beautiful district was populated with different people, 62% of the population couldn't describe it's nationality nor it's parent language, basically describing themselves as "locals". They were usually called "Poleszczukami" and used a dialect of "prosta" straight or "chlopska" worker/peasant. They were dialects of different origins ie: Belorussian, Polish and Russian. Bio-environment of Polesie – actual state and changes Polish-Ukrainian-Belarussian Conference Lublin-Szack-Brześć, 17-21 June 2002 Three volumes of papers covered both theoretical opinions and views and proposals for practical solutions. They may constitute the scientific basis for the elaboration of effective protection programmes aimed at the limitation or inhibitation of the unfavourable ecological changes taking place in the water and peat-bog ecosystems which are especially sensitive to brutal human manipulation. Bio-environment of Polesie – actual state and changes Polish-Ukrainian-Belarussian Conference Lublin-Szack-Brześć, 17-21 June 2002 In the last decades of 20th century human intervention in the naturally formed biotic and abiotic structures of peat and water ecosystems brought about substantial changes. This leads to disturbances in the functioning and preservation of the relative stability and biocenotic balance of these ecosystems. The result is the impoverishment of the mosaic character of the habitat and the diversification of plant and animal spacies as well as the degradation of the organogenic soils. Bank of mineral soils of Poland 3000 samples taken in the same time and according to the same procedure all over Poland now stored at air-dry conditions Soil taken in natural state with natural structure of aeration pores Granulometric composition preserved Organic matter and carbonate preserved HYDROTHERMOPHYSICS OF SOIL ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS Water and thermal properties of elements of the soil-plantatmosphere system and agricultural materials, Time and spatial variability of the physical parameters, Modeling water, salt and energy exchange in soil-plant atmosphere, Agrophysical metrology. DATABASE AND MAPS OF HYDROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLISH MINERAL SOILS - static water characteristics -water retention curves -dynamic water characteristics -coefficients of water conductivity in saturated and unsaturated zones -resources of water useful for plants (exemplary map on the right) Human impact on transformation of small loess catchment • 1830 - all catchment area under forest • 1870 - northern part still under forest 14 fields (6 farmers) - state unchanged from 1932; household buildings - 1965 To characterize the structure of soil profiles, 456 soil core samples in total were taken in the catchment. Experimental catchment Soil profiles were characterized in a grid of 10x10 m and 20x20 m with additional point in the center Grid density was adjusted to the landscape position and expected changes in soil cover Comparison of catchment topography Processes transforming the catchment • water erosion • soil translocation due to tillage Primary relief Contemporary relief Soil erosion and accumulation caused flattering of primary catchment topography, especially slope elements 4˚ Investigation on plants Aternative palnts: – Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) – Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) – Everlasting Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) – Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Energetic plants: – Rapeseed (Brassica napus) – Willow (Salix viminalis) EUROPEAN CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE for Applied Physics in Sustainable Agriculture DIRECTOR- RYSZARD WALCZAK, COORDINATOR- ANDRZEJ STĘPNIEWSKI CoE WAS CREATED IN MARCH 2003 IN THE INSTITUTE OF AGROPHYSICS AS A RESULT OF SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION TO THE CALL FOR PROPOSALS ANNOUNCED WITHIN 5 FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME OF EU. RESEARCH on various aspects of sustainable development of agricultural regions and efficient use of agro- and food products ORGANISATION of advanced workshops, conferences, summer schools, lectures STRENGTHEN LINKS with other centres and research institutions EDUCATION trainings for young scientists EXCHANGE experiences, methods and unifying nomenclature INCREASING ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA