Download We are all bound by our geography. It helps dictate who we

Basics of Geography
Does yours look like this?
Arctic Ocean
Europe
Asia
NA
Atlantic
Ocean
Africa
SA
Pacific
Ocean
Indian
Ocean
Pacific
Ocean
Antartica
Australia
Other Regions of the World
Pacific Rim
(Ring of Fire)
Central America
/ Latin America
Middle
East/ SW
Asia
Sub Sahara Africa
SE Asia
The People of Social Studies
People of Social Studies
• Political Scientist – Person who studies
governments and their relationships
Anthropologist
• Person who studies cultures
Archaeologist
• Person who studies artifacts and bones of
different cultures
Economist
• One who studies resources and how they are
used
Geographer
• One that studies geographical features and
their impact on history
Types of Maps
Political Map
• Shows boards and capitals as well as major
cities
Topographic Map
• Shows landforms and physical features of
area
Cartogram Map
• Shows the size of a country or area based
upon what is being measured
Types of Maps
Activity:
On a scrap piece of paper draw a map
of the world
Political Map
• Shows borders and capitals as well as major
cities
Topographic Map
• Shows landforms and physical features of
area
Cartogram Map
• Shows the size of a country or area based
upon what is being measured
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude
• Measures North and South from Equator (0
Degrees)
Longitude
• Measures East and West from Prime
Meridian (0 Degrees)
Hemisphere
• Hemi = Half
• Earth can be split 2 ways, either by using
Equator or by using Prime Meridian
If Split by Equator…
• We get the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres
If Split by Prime Meridian
• We get the Eastern and Western
Hemispheres
Sources
Sources in Social studies
• Primary Source – Came from the
time in which the person was
living
• Examples: Diary, journal,
autobiography
• Ex. A book about Adolf Hitler
written in 1940.
Secondary Source
• A book or material written by someone not
in that time period.
• Example: Biography
• Ex. Mr. Russell writing a book about Adolf
Hitler
What does geography influence?
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Job
Activities
Foods
Clothing
Language
Music
Interests
Culture
What is cultural diffusion?
Cultural Diffusion
• The spread of ideas, language, religion, and
technology from one place to another
Examples
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•
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•
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Pizza
Chinese Food
Uggs
Playstation
Tim Hortons
Why does cultural diffusion happen?
• Trade
• Communication
• Forced/ Conquering
“We are all bound by our
geography. It helps dictate who
we are and who we become”
If you could live anywhere in the
world, were would it be? Why?
Importance of Water
• Why do we need water?
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To live
To drink
To clean
For crops
For travel
Water in regard to geography
• It can bring places together
 link them Ex. Japan,
Korea and China
• Or it keep them apart
• Europe and America till
1400’s
Coastlines
Irregular Coastlines
• Jagged Coastline
– Good for bays, harbors, trade!!
Examples
Regular Coastline
• Smooth coastline
– No bays, harbors
– Hinders trade
Examples
Mountain Ranges
Or, the good, the bad, and the ugly
European Mountains: Not a
Problem
• Pyrenees divide but do not
isolate
• Alps - highest range,
central southern Europe
• Apennines, Dinaric,
Balkans, Carpathians do
not isolate
• Kjolen Mts.
• Borders: Caucasus and
Urals
• Irregular Coast and
Navigable Rivers lessen
Latin American Mountains
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The Andes
Altiplano
Sierra Madres
Central Mexican
Plateau
VERTICAL CLIMATE
• At Sea Level, Tropical
Fruits and Crops
Grown
• Temperate Vegetables,
Coffee at higher zone
• Cold Zone: Potatoes
• Vertical Climate
allows a variety of
goods and trade
among regions.
Middle East-Desert and Plateaus
• TURKEY: THE
ANATOLIAN
PLATEAU
• THE IRANIAN
PLATEAU (dry)
• Saudi “Empty
Quarter”
• Most Live Near Fertile
Crescent, Nile, or
Coast.
Africa:Vast Plateau, Poor Soil
• ATLAS
MOUNTAINS
• DRAKENSBURG
MOUNTAINS
• RUWENZORI Mts.
• GREAT RIFT
VALLEY
• Rivers do not unite
continent
ISOLATION
• The Andes isolate Chile from Argentina and
slowed their wars
• The Chinese and Indians have developed separate
cultures due to their isolation
How do mountains affect people?
• Isolate people – create
borders
– STOP CULTURAL
DIFFUSION!!!!
• Lack arable (Farming) land
• Natural Defense (Buffer
Zone)
• Separate people (Balkans in
Europe)
• Colder due to vertical climate
Deserts
Deserts
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Isolate People = little Cultural diffusion
Few Resources
Buffer Zone
Little to no arable land
Desertification
• Spreading of the desert
Deforestation
• Cutting down of rain forests
Why do they cut?
• It is a way to get money in areas that lack
resources
Results
• Land becomes non arable  wasteland
• Loss of species
• Loss of land and homes for natives that live
in forests
Poland: A case study
• Located on Easter
European Plain =
– Flat Land
Flat Land = Easily invaded
Ex. Germany,
Russia throughout
history
Russia
• No
warm
water
port =
hurts
trade
Developed vs Developing countries
Developed = Blue