Download Routing & Addressing

資訊網路專題
Router & Practice
2017/5/25
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Router Basics
• Computers have four basic components: a
CPU, memory, interfaces, and a bus.
– A router also has these components
• Router can also be called a computer
– However, it is a special purpose computer that
is dedicated to routing
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Router Components
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Internal Configuration
Components of a Router
•
•
•
•
•
RAM/DRAM
NVRAM -- nonvolatile RAM
Flash -- erasable, re-programmable ROM
ROM
Interface
– Include console port
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RAM for working Storage
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NVRAM
• NVRAM -- NonVolatile RAM
– stores a router’s backup/startup
configuration file
– content remains when you power
down or restart.
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Flash
• Erasable, re-programmable ROM
• Holds the operating system image and
microcode
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ROM
• Contains
– power-on diagnostics
– a bootstrap program, and
– operating system software
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Interface
• Network connection through which
packets enter and exit a router
• It can be on the motherboard or on a
separate interface module
• Also contains console & Aux ports
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Router Internal Components
(an example)
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What does Router Look Like?
(Cisco 2600)
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What does Router Look Like? (2600)
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What does Router Look Like? (2600)
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Computer Console Connection
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Connecting PC to Console Port - 1
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Connecting PC to Console Port - 1
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Router Serial WAN Connectors
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DCE Serial Connections
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Modem Connection to Aux Port
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WAN Router Connection
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Router Configuration
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Router Startup
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Startup Sequence
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Configuring a Router
• You can configure a router from
– a virtual (remote) terminal
– a modem connection
– a console terminal
– a network TFTP server
• which allows you to maintain and store
configuration information at a central site
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How to Access the CLI
(or Router Configuration Sources)
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User & Privileged Modes
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User & Privileged Modes
• User mode
– Typical tasks include those that check the
router status. In this mode, router configuration
changes are not allowed.
• Privileged mode
– Typical tasks include those that change the
router configuration.
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A lot more commands ….
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Show Configuration
• show running-config
(write term, for IOS 10.3 & earlier)
• show startup-config
(show config, for IOS 10.3 & earlier)
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show interface
• displays configurable parameters
and real-time statistics related to
router interfaces
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Router Modes
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Router Configuration Modes
• Global
• Interface
• Routing Protocol mode
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Router Identification
Configuration
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Password Configuration
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Routing Protocol Configuration
• Router> enable
Router# config t
Router(config)# router igrp 100 (or router rip)
Router(config-router)# network x.x.x.0
(or net x.x.x.0, for all connected networks)
10.1.1.1 / 24
10.10.10.1 / 24
Router(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 10.10.10.0
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IP address configuration
• Router>
Router> enable
Router# config t
Router(config)# interface serial 0 (or int s0)
Router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1
255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)# no shutdown (or no shut)
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Basic Networking Testing
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telnet
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Can use the following
commands, too
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If telnet fails
• If Telnet to one router can occur, but failure to
another router occurs, it is likely that specific
addressing, naming, or access permission
problems caused the Telnet failure.
• It is possible that the problem exists on this router
or on the router that failed as a Telnet target. In
this case, the next step is to try ping
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ping
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Extended Ping
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traceroute
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show ip route
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show interface
• Test both physical & data link layer
connection
– show interface serial 0
(show int s 0)
– show interface ether 0
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解讀 show interface
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