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Cisco Networking Academy Program
Youngstown State University
Cisco Regional Academy
Curriculum Review
Semester 4, v.2.1.2
Chapter 7: Network Management
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Disclaimer
This presentation is intended for review by
Cisco Networking Academy Program teachers
and students only.
This presentation is not a substitute for careful
study of the Cisco Academy curriculum.
Most of the text and graphics have been copied
directly from the on-line curriculum, and remain
the copyrighted property of Cisco Systems.
CCNA 640-507 objectives are used for reviews.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Contents
Part 1: Administrative Side of Network
Management
Part 2: Monitoring the Network
Part 3: Troubleshooting Networks
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Chapter Learning Objectives
 You will be able to:
– Identify the impact of changes on a network.
– Determine factors in total cost of LAN operations
including design, implementation and maintenance.
– Describe the process involved in documenting and
repairing network problems and failures.
– Describe the functions of SNMP with RMON.
– List and describe the function of common
troubleshooting commands.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Part 1
The Administrative Side of
Network Management
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
The View of a Network
 The view of a network is important. It is:
– A collection of devices that interact with one another
to provide communication.
– A network should be viewed as a single whole unit
instead of individual parts!
– Each device in a
network effects other
devices and the
network as a whole.
– This also applies to
the WAN connections!
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Impact of Changes
 Certain small changes on one device can alter
the entire network.
 Others will have very little or no impact.
– Such as motd banners.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Network Costs
 Factors that must be considered:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Initial network design and implementation.
Maintaining and monitoring.
Network growth over time.
Training.
Repairs.
Software deployment.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Error Report Documentation
 Used to gather basic information to:
– Identify and assign a network problem.
– Track progress and eventual solution.
– Provide a solutions database to recurring problems
that have already
been resolved.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Monitoring the Network
 Two primary reasons for using Network Traffic
Monitoring software are:
– Predicting changes for future growth.
– Detecting unexpected changes in network status
including things such as:
• Router or switch failing.
• Hacker trying to gain illegal access.
• Communication link failure.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Connection Monitoring
 Ping:
– Only says that a connection is down, not where it is
down.
– Third party programs can periodically ping a list of
host IP addresses.
• If there is a connection problem, it alerts the administrator.
• It is inefficient but it works better than nothing at all.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Traffic Monitoring
 Sophisticated method of network monitoring.
– Looks at the actual packet traffic.
– Generates reports based upon the network traffic.
• Microsoft Windows NT network monitor
• Fluke Network Inspector
– Works on a single segment at a time.
– Need to incorporate Simple Network
Management Protocol for
proper monitoring.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Simple Network Management Protocol
 SNMP:
–
Protocol that allows transmission of statistical data
across the network to a central console.
 Four major components:
1. Management Station
•
•
Manager’s interface into the network.
Maintains a management information base (MIB)
extracted from the network devices.
2. Management Agent
•
•
•
Contained in all the devices to be managed, including
hosts and routers.
Responds to Management Station requests for data.
Can also send updates when thresholds are violated.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
SNMP (cont.)
3. Management Information Base
•
•
Database resident on each managed device.
Includes:
– Port interface data
– TCP data
– ICMP data
4. Network Management
Protocol
•
•
Major network
monitoring standard.
Enhanced with add-ons
such as Remote Monitoring.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Remote Monitoring
 RMON Probe is an extension of SNMP; not a
stand alone protocol.
– Creates new categories of data.
– Gathers remote data and
sends it to the
management console.
– Located on each network
segment.
– Can be resident on a host,
server, router or switch.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Part 3
Troubleshooting Networks
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Problem Solving
 The test of a good network
administrator is the ability
to analyze, troubleshoot,
and correct problems under
pressure of a network failure.
 A carefully directed course
of action is vital.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Problem Solving Method
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Troubleshooting Methods
 Process of Elimination
– Working through possible problems step by step
in a logical order.
 Divide and Conquer
– Divide the problem network in half,
narrowing your search to one of the halves.
– Continue this division until the problem is
isolated.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Troubleshooting Commands
 Ping
 Tracert
 Telnet
 Netstat
 Arp
 Ipconfig or WinIPcfg
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Ping
 Sends ICMP echo packets to verify a physical
connection between hosts.
– Ping 127.0.0.1 will perform a loopback test of
the workstation.
– Common extensions to the command are:
• -t Ping until stopped by user.
• -l Send a specified size echo packet.
• -n Resolves host name and ping address.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Tracert (Trace Route)
 Shows the route a packet took to reach the
destination address.
– Common extensions are:
• -h max_hops The maximum number of hops searched.
• -w timeout Waits the number of milliseconds specified.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Telnet
 Terminal emulation program that will allow you to run
interactive commands on the telnet server.
– Good for testing login configuration parameters to a
remote host.
– Can use either IP address or host name to connect.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Netstat
 Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP
network connections.
– Common extensions are:
• -a
• -e
• -n
• -r
Shows all connections and listening ports.
Shows Ethernet statistics.
Displays addresses and port numbers.
Shows contents of the router table.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
ARP
 Gathers hardware addresses of local hosts
and the default gateway.
– Common extensions are:
• -a or -g Current contents of arp cache.
• -d Deletes an entry specified.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Ipconfig / WinIPcfg
 Display IP-addressing information for the local
network adapter(s).
 Ipconfig
– For Windows NT
 WinIPcfg
– Win 95, 98, Me
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Summary
 Networks must be viewed as a single,
whole unit.
 Small changes can dramatically impact
network operations.
 Network cost factors include
– Design and implementation,
– Maintaining and monitoring,
– Repairs and training.
 Error report documentation and logical
troubleshooting methods are vital.
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
Summary
 Traffic monitoring using software analyzers and
SNMP help anticipate and solve problems.
– RMON Probe is an extension of the SNMP protocol.
 Common troubleshooting commands are:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Ping
Tracert
ARP
Telnet
Netstat
ARP
Ipconfig & WinIPcfg
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy
Cisco Networking Academy Program
End
Robert E. Meyers CCNA, CCAI
Youngstown State University
Manager, Cisco Regional Academy